Classify:pathwayfreedomdarkestplaceunfairlockeverydayriversidenursedisagree合成詞(有兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞):轉(zhuǎn)化詞(將一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種詞性):派生詞(在詞根上加上前、后綴構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞):everydaypathwayriversideunfairdarkestdisagreefreedomlockplacenurse2021/5/91構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Derivation）

【前綴/后綴】轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）

【詞性轉(zhuǎn)換】{2021/5/92合成詞Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛藥2021/5/93＋＝color-blind色盲2021/5/94＋＝sleep-walk夢游sleep-walker2021/5/951.合成名詞

(1)n+nairconditionerbloodpressureincometaxcreditcard

(2)adj+n

centralbank

fastfood空調(diào)

血壓所得稅

信用卡中央銀行快餐2021/5/96solarsystemremotecontrol(3)v-ing+另一詞

washingmachinedrivinglicense(4)其他方式

by-producteditor-in-chief太陽系遙控洗衣機(jī)駕駛執(zhí)照副產(chǎn)品主編2021/5/972.

合成形容詞

(1)過去分詞或帶ed詞尾的詞構(gòu)成。

absent-mindedgrey-haired(2)動(dòng)詞的ing或另一詞構(gòu)成

long-sufferingfar-reaching心不在焉的頭發(fā)灰白的長期受苦的深遠(yuǎn)的(影響)2021/5/983.合成動(dòng)詞及合成副詞

overeatbaby-sitempty-handed

吃得太多看孩子

一無所獲的2021/5/99加前綴：

happy---

___happy

加后綴：

develop---

develop_______既加前綴又加后綴：

employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生詞（derivation）

2021/5/910派生法（Derivation）---詞綴法1.前綴:Pre-（前）Pre-reading,preview,prepayRe-(重新)Rewrite,reconsider,reusedis-（不）disagree,dislike,disappearin/im-（不）incorrect,impossiblemis–（錯(cuò)誤或失當(dāng)）super-（超級(jí)）mini-（微?。﹎isunderstand,misleadsupermarket,supermanminiskirt,minibus2021/5/911foretell,forecastpost–(之后)postwar,post-readingfore-(前，預(yù)先)semicircle,semi-finalsemi-(半，部分)antiwar,anti-Japanesewaranti-(阻止，抗)underground,under-developunder-（在……下，在……中）2021/5/9122.常見的后綴1).名詞后綴：-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood

-ion請(qǐng)將以下單詞和上列相應(yīng)的后綴相連，組成新詞：work,educate,develop,visit,satisfy,teach,sail,ability,piano,art,child,act,brother,solute,conclude,move,possible2021/5/913-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ionteacher,workervisitor,sailoreducation,satisfactiondevelopment,movementability,possibilitypianist,artistchildhood,brotherhood

action,solution,conclusion如：2021/5/914-ous-ful-able,-ible-ant,-ent-arydangerous,humoroushelpful,carefulcomfortable,responsibleimportant,excellentmilitary,voluntary2）.形容詞后綴：3）.副詞性的詞綴：-ly-wardsquickly,softly,yearlybackwards,forwards2021/5/915轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.嘗起來{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.record

n.記錄v.記錄{LiuXiangBrokethe100mHurdlesWorldRecord.Heliestorecordsomethingwhilereadingabook.2021/5/916correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反義獨(dú)立的詞根adj.殘疾的n.不可能的n.反義n.誤解詞根大學(xué)生詞根n.近義反義WordsBuilding2021/5/917correctn.反義獨(dú)立的詞根adj.殘疾的n.不可能的n.反義n.誤解詞根大學(xué)生詞根n.近義反義WordsBuilding2021/5/918correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable

disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakeunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育

表達(dá)O獨(dú)立的rootadj殘疾的n不可能的OnSSn誤解root大學(xué)生rootn地下的地下通道地鐵副標(biāo)題總是misunderstand2021/5/919

縮寫和簡寫

:

縮寫和簡寫(也被稱為截?cái)喾ɑ蚩s短法)主要采取:“截頭”,

“去尾”或者“既截頭又去尾”的方法生成新詞.telephone---phoneairplane—planelaboratory-labmathematics--mathadvertisement—adexamination--exam2021/5/920另外還有許多縮寫詞是由各個(gè)單詞的首字母組成.

CD(compactdisk)CCTV(ChinaCentralTelevision)NBA(NationalBasketballAssociation)UFO(unidentifiedflyingobject)UN(UnitedNations)ID(identification)USA(UnitedStatesofAmerica)2021/5/9211.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany__________.(invent)playershappilyheavilyinventorinventions

構(gòu)詞法精練Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.2021/5/922按括號(hào)內(nèi)的要求改寫下列單詞:

rain(形容詞)________agree(反義)__________nation(形容詞)_______farm(人)__________recent(副詞)________friend(形容詞)________hope(形容詞)_______back(形容詞)_________visit(名詞)__________home(形容詞)________eight(序數(shù)詞)________true(名詞)___________America(形容詞)_______China(形容詞)________rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinese2021/5/9235.Moreandmore_________havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）6.Wewant___________reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy)7.Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill________mytask.(simple)8.Theboyhadthe___________ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)9.Thepolicehave__________aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)10.ThedoctorsaidthatMary’smotherneededan_________.(operate)

foreigners

satisfactorysimplifyappearanceuncoveredoperation2021/5/92411.Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea_________.(music)12.Few________wordsmadeusexcited.(speak)13.Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan________water.(boil)14.Thankyouforyour_________.(kind)15.Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomemoneyfortheircollege_________.(expensive)16.Mostinternational_________lettersarewritteninEnglish,too.(busy)musicianspoken

boilingkindness

expenses

business2021/5/92517.Theboynoticedan___________mistakeonhispaper,buthedecidednottosayanythingaboutit.(correct)18.WheninRome,doasthe________do.(Rome)19.Theteacherwaspleasedwithher_______.(honest)20.Themotherdidn’tknowwhyherdaughterwascrying_______.(noise)

uncorrectedRomanshonestynoisily2021/5/9262021/5/927Fillintheblankswithproperwords

Withthe(1)____________(develop)ofindustry,airpollutionisgettingmore(2)________moreserious.InBeijing,manypeoplesufferdifferentkindsofillnessesbecause(3)_______airpollution.Airpollutioniscaused(4)_____thefollowingreasons:abouthalfoftheproblemiscausedbyvehicles.Therearemoreandmorecars,busesontheroads,andtheygive(5)______poisonousgases.25%ofairpollutioniscausedbyfactories.Another(6)________(fact)isthesmokers.Smokingnotonlydoes(7)______totheirhealth(8)____alsotoothers.Besidesthese,about10%ofair(9)________iscausedbyotherreasons.Weshouldtakesomemeasurestofight(10)________pollution.Newfuelcanbeusedtoreplacegas.Wecanplantmoretrees.Ifeverybodyrealizestheimportanceofenvironmentanddoessomethingtostoptheproblemwillbesolved.developmentandofbyoutfactorharmbutpollutionagainst2021/5/928附：類比構(gòu)詞（Word-FormationbyAnalogy）類比構(gòu)詞是英語中一種有趣而又實(shí)用的構(gòu)詞方式。構(gòu)詞特點(diǎn)是，以某個(gè)同類詞為模式，在語義上進(jìn)行聯(lián)想類比，替換其中某個(gè)詞素，構(gòu)造出與之對(duì)應(yīng)或類似的新詞來。例如：work-aholic（工作迷）系仿alcoholic（嗜酒者）而造seajack（海上劫持）和skyjack（空中劫持）則是類比hijack（攔路搶劫）hijacker（強(qiáng)盜）而成，故都屬類比詞。從原形詞與類比詞的聯(lián)系來看，英語類比構(gòu)詞大致可分以下三大類：

2021/5/929一.數(shù)字、色彩類比

數(shù)字類比，例如，美國總統(tǒng)夫人在英語中稱FirstLady（第一夫人），通過該詞美國人又聯(lián)想類比出FistFamily（第一家庭）。FirstMother（第一母親）等詞。就連總統(tǒng)的愛犬也身價(jià)倍增，獲得了FirstDog（第一狗）的殊榮，可謂一人得道，雞犬升天。色彩類比，例如，BlackPower（黑人權(quán)力）最初是美國黑人在爭取自身權(quán)力斗爭中提出的政治口號(hào)，后為美國其他少數(shù)種族所借用。為了反歧視爭平等。印第安人提出了RedPower，美籍墨西哥人也提出了BrownPower。另外，老年人為維護(hù)自身權(quán)益則提出GrayPower.美國英語中還因美元為綠色鈔票而類比出greenpower一詞，借指“金錢的力量”。greenpower雖與上述種種Power風(fēng)馬牛不相及，但同屬色彩類比，甚是有趣，亦含幽默。再看一例，較早出現(xiàn)的blue-collar（藍(lán)領(lǐng)階層的）和white-collar（白領(lǐng)階層的）分別指“體力工作者的”和“腦力工作者的”，稍后產(chǎn)生的pink-collar（粉領(lǐng)階層的）和gray-collar（灰領(lǐng)階層的），則分別指“典型女性職業(yè)工作者的”和“維修保養(yǎng)行業(yè)工作者的”。近年來，又有兩個(gè)新的英語類比詞問世，即gold-collar（金領(lǐng)階層的）和bright-collar（亮領(lǐng)階層的），分別表示“高級(jí)專業(yè)人士的”和“電腦及通訊專業(yè)人士的”。2021/5/930二.反義、對(duì)義類比

這方面英語類比詞數(shù)目不少，俯拾可得。例如，nightmare（夢魘—daymare（晝魘），brain-drain（人材流失）—brain-gain（人材流入），flashback（倒敘）—flash-forward（超前敘述），high-tech（高技術(shù)的）—low-tech（低技術(shù)的），等等。在這方面，有些類比詞來得有趣，仿造奇特。例如manFriday源于小說《魯濱遜飄流記》，指主人公于星期五救出的一個(gè)土人，后成其忠仆，故名。該詞進(jìn)入英語詞匯后泛指“忠實(shí)的仆人”或“得力的助手”。后來出現(xiàn)的girlFriday一詞系仿此而造，專指“