PartDLesson3StephenHawking【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】課時(shí)詞匯overcome,decline,separate,therefore,version,gravity,evidence常用短語(yǔ)inspiteof,puttogether典型句式1.notjust...butalso...2．that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句Ⅰ.核心單詞練習(xí)：依據(jù)所給詞性和漢意，寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)單詞1．____________n導(dǎo)彈，飛彈2．____________vi.&vt.(使)沸騰，煮沸；(用開(kāi)水)煮n.沸騰3．____________n.水蒸氣；蒸汽動(dòng)力4．____________n.水壺，壺5．____________n.海軍6．____________n.大量，大宗adj.大量的7．____________n.(木材、碳等自然材料的)纖維Ⅱ.寫(xiě)出下面所給單詞的拓展形式1．regulatevt.限制，管理→____________n．管理；規(guī)定；調(diào)整，調(diào)整→____________adj.管制的，調(diào)整的，限制的2．illustratevt.說(shuō)明，闡明；給(書(shū)籍、文章等)加插圖→____________n．圖解，圖示，示例，舉例說(shuō)明→____________adj.作為圖例或圖解的，作說(shuō)明用的，解說(shuō)性的→illustratorn．為書(shū)制作插圖的人3．evolutionn．進(jìn)化→____________n．徹底變革，革命→revolutionaryadj.革命的4．sailv．航行→____________n．水手，海員5．electricityn．電→____________adj.用電的，帶電的，電動(dòng)的6．specificadj.特定的，特有的；詳明的，明確的→____________adv.特定地，特地地7．preservevt.保存(食物)，腌制；維護(hù)，疼惜n．腌菜，果醬→____________n．[U]疼惜，保存8．a(chǎn)vailableadj.可獲得的，可用的→____________n．可能性9．mechanicn．技工，機(jī)修工→____________adj.機(jī)械的→____________adv.機(jī)械地；呆板地；無(wú)意識(shí)地10．explodevi.&vt.(使)爆炸；急劇增長(zhǎng)→____________n．爆炸(聲)[詞語(yǔ)積累][1]influentialadj.有影響的[2]agedadj.……歲的[3]brilliantadj.杰出的；絕妙的[4]theoretical/θ??'ret?k?l/adj.理論的[5]cosmology/k?z'm?l?d?i/n.宇宙論，宇宙學(xué)[6]overcome/???v?'k?m/vt.克服(困難)，限制(感情)；折服，戰(zhàn)勝[7]challengen．挑戰(zhàn)[8]physiciann．醫(yī)師；內(nèi)科醫(yī)生[9]slow－progressingadj.進(jìn)展緩慢的[10]ratherthan而不是[11]speech－generatingequipment語(yǔ)言生成設(shè)備[12]losetheuseof丟失……功能[13]decline/d?'kla?n/vi.削減，降低[14]ceasevt.停止[15]asortof一種[16]leadto通向[17]separateadj.單獨(dú)的；不受影響的[18]copyn．一冊(cè)[19]versionn．版本[20]grand/gr?nd/adj.雄偉的，壯美的，隆重的[21]arguev．論證；說(shuō)理；主見(jiàn)[22]lookup向上看[23]inspiteof雖然；不顧；盡管……(仍……)[24]preventsb.fromdoingsth.阻擋某人做某事[25]reducevt.削減；降低[26]bonus/'b??n?s/n.意外收獲，額外的好處；獎(jiǎng)金；紅利On14March,2024,oneoftheworld'smostinfluential[1]scientists,StephenHawking,diedathishomeinEngland,aged[2]76.【1】Hawkingwasfamous,notjustforhisbrilliant[3]workintheoretical[4]physicsandcosmology[5]，butalsoforovercoming[6]thechallenges[7]ofALS(adiseasethataffectsmusclecontrol).【2】【1】本句的主干是oneoftheworld'smostinfluentialscientistsdiedathishomeinEngland。StephenHawking是同位語(yǔ)，形容詞短語(yǔ)aged76作狀語(yǔ)?！?】notjust...butalso...也作notonly...butalso...，意為“不但……而且……”，連接并列成分，在本句中連接兩個(gè)并列的緣由狀語(yǔ)。StephenHawkingwasbornon8January,1942,inOxford.HewenttotheUniversityofOxfordtostudyphysicsin1959.Attheageof21,whenHawkingspenthisfirstyearattheUniversityofCambridge,physicians[8]discoveredhehadarare,slow－progressing[9]formofALS.【3】Hewasonlyexpectedtoliveforafewyears.【3】本句的主干是physiciansdiscoveredhehadarare,slow－progressingformofALS，介詞短語(yǔ)Attheageof21是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。HawkinglaterfoundajobattheInstituteofAstronomyinCambridge.Intheearlystagesofhiscareer,hisillnessgotworse,buthewasallowedtodoresearchonlyratherthan[10]teach,whichwaseasierforhim.【4】In1985,hehadtohaveanoperation.Asaresult,helosthisspeech.Soonhisdoctorsdevelopedapieceofspeech－generatingequipment[11]thatallowedhimtospeak.【5】However,ashisillnessbecameworse,helosttheuseof[12]hishands.【6】【4】本句是but連接的并列句，在其次個(gè)分句中，whichwaseasierforhim是定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞which在從句中作主語(yǔ)?！?】本句中的thatallowedhimtospeak是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾apieceofspeech－generatingequipment?！?】本句中包含了一個(gè)as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，as意為“隨著”。AlthoughHawking'sphysicalabilitiesdeclined[13]overdecades,heneverceased[14]hisstudiesandhedevelopedanumberofnewideasaboutblackholes.【7】Hawkingbelievedthatthebirthoftheuniverse(the“BigBang”)createdmanysmallblackholes.Histheorywasthattherewasasortof[15]holeinthecentreofablackhole.【8】Thisholeledto[16]anotheruniverse,completelyseparate[17]fromourown.【7】Although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，主句是由and連接的并列句?！?】在本句中，that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。Hawkingalsowrotebooks.His1988book,ABriefHistoryofTime:FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoles,soldonecopy[18]forevery750peopleonEarth.However,manypeoplecouldnotreallyunderstandwhathehadwritten.【9】Therefore,Hawkingdecidedtowriteasimplerversion[19]，ABrieferHistoryofTime(2005).【9】本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，whathehadwritten是賓語(yǔ)從句，作understand的賓語(yǔ)。InTheGrand[20]Design(2010,withLeonardMlodinow),Hawkingargued[21]thatweshouldlookforadifferentwaytodiscoverthedeepestsecretsoftheuniverse.Insteadoftryingtofindonebignewexplanation,scientistsshouldputtogetheralltheideasthattheyalreadyhave.【10】【10】在本句中，thattheyalreadyhave是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾alltheideas。介詞短語(yǔ)Insteadoftryingtofindonebignewexplanation作狀語(yǔ)，也可置于句末。AttheopeningoftheLondon2012Olympics,HawkingsaidtoaTVaudienceof900millionpeople：“Lookup[22]atthestarsandnotdownatyourfeet...becurious.”Inspiteof[23]hisdisease,Hawkingdidn'tconsiderhimselfanunluckyman.Hesaidithadnotpreventedhimfrom[24]havingafamily,andbeingsuccessfulinhiswork.“Myexpectationswerereduced[25]tozerowhenIwas21.Everythingsincethenhasbeenabonus[26].”Andhebelievedthiswasbecauseofthehelphereceivedfromhisfamilyandalargenumberofpeopleandorganisations.【11】【11】本句中believed后是賓語(yǔ)從句；becauseofthehelp作表語(yǔ)，hereceivedfromhisfamilyandalargenumberofpeopleandorganisations是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾thehelp。2024年3月14日，世界上最有影響力的科學(xué)家之一，史蒂芬·霍金在英格蘭的家中去世，享年76歲?；艚鸩粌H因在理論(theoretical)物理學(xué)和宇宙學(xué)(cosmology)方面的杰出探討而聞名，而且因克服(overcome)了肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化癥(一種影響肌肉限制的疾病)的挑戰(zhàn)而令人欽佩。1942年1月8日史蒂芬·霍金誕生于牛津，1959年進(jìn)入牛津高校學(xué)習(xí)物理學(xué)。21歲那年，也是霍金在劍橋高校的第一年，醫(yī)生發(fā)覺(jué)他患有一種罕見(jiàn)的慢性肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化癥，預(yù)言他只能再活幾年。后來(lái)霍金在劍橋天文探討所找了份工作。職業(yè)生涯剛一起先他的病情就轉(zhuǎn)而惡化，探討所允許他可以只做探討而不用教學(xué)，這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)更簡(jiǎn)潔。1985年，他不得不動(dòng)手術(shù)，結(jié)果丟失了說(shuō)話實(shí)力。很快，醫(yī)生為他開(kāi)發(fā)了一種發(fā)聲設(shè)備使他能夠說(shuō)話。但是，他的病情接著惡化，手也動(dòng)不了了。盡管在過(guò)去幾十年里霍金的身體機(jī)能不斷下降(decline)，但他從未停止過(guò)探討，并對(duì)黑洞有了很多新的想法?；艚鹫J(rèn)為宇宙誕生時(shí)(即宇宙大爆炸)創(chuàng)建了很多小黑洞，他的理論是在黑洞的中心還有一種洞，這種洞通向另一個(gè)宇宙，與我們的世界完全分隔?；艚疬€寫(xiě)書(shū)。1988年出版的《時(shí)間簡(jiǎn)史：從大爆炸到黑洞》一書(shū)，地球上平均每750人便購(gòu)買(mǎi)過(guò)一本。然而，很多人并不能真正理解他寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容。因此，霍金確定寫(xiě)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)化的版本，即《時(shí)間簡(jiǎn)史》(2005)。在《大(grand)設(shè)計(jì)》(2010年出版，與萊昂納德·蒙洛迪諾合著)一書(shū)中，霍金提出我們應(yīng)當(dāng)用一種不同的方式去發(fā)覺(jué)宇宙最深處的隱私。與其說(shuō)試圖找尋一個(gè)全新的說(shuō)明，科學(xué)家們不如把他們已經(jīng)有的想法匯合起來(lái)。2012年倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)開(kāi)幕式上，霍金對(duì)9億電視觀眾說(shuō)：“仰視星空，而不是俯視腳下……要保持新奇 心?！北M管(inspiteof)霍金患有疾病，但他并不認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)不幸的人。他說(shuō)，這并沒(méi)有阻礙他擁有家庭，也沒(méi)有阻礙他在工作中取得勝利?！?1歲時(shí)，我的人生期望值降為零。從那以后，一切都是饋贈(zèng)(bonus)?！彼J(rèn)為自己所取得的一切都源于家人和很多人與機(jī)構(gòu)的幫助。Ⅰ.課文結(jié)構(gòu)圖示Ⅱ.課文預(yù)習(xí)自測(cè)1．Whereisthepassagetakenfrom?A．Abook. B．TheInternet.C．Thenewspaper. D．TheTVnews.2．WhenwasStephenHawkingdiscoveredtosufferfromALS?A．Whenhewasborn.B．WhenhewasstudyingattheUniversityofOxford.C.WhenhewasstudyingattheUniversityofCambridge.D．WhenhewasworkingattheInstituteofAstronomyinCambridge.3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．StephenHawkingwasfamousforhistheoryofblackholes.B．StephenHawkingwastheco－authorofthebookTheGrandDesign.C.ThebookABriefHistoryofTime:FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoleswaspopularbecauseitiseasytounderstand.D．ThebookABrieferHistoryofTime(2005)iseasierthanthebookABriefHistoryofTime:FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoles.4．WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribeHawking?A．Optimisticandgrateful.B．Unluckyandmiserable.C．Generousanddetermined.D．Humorousandacademic.?第一版塊：核心單詞1．overcomevt.克服(困難)，限制(感情)；折服，戰(zhàn)勝(overcame,overcome)(教材P58)toovercomethechallengeof...克服……的挑戰(zhàn)overcomedifficulties/badhabits克服困難/改掉惡習(xí)overcomefear克服恐驚overcomedisadvantage克服不利條件overcomeobstacles克服障礙overcomeenemies/theenemy戰(zhàn)勝敵人overcomeshyness克服羞怯beovercomewithsorrow難過(guò)欲絕beovercomewithjoy樂(lè)不行支?Weareconfidentthatwecanovercomethesedifficulties.我們信任我們能克服這些困難。?Mollyfoughtandovercameherfearofdivingintothewater.莫莉經(jīng)過(guò)努力克服了對(duì)潛水的恐驚。?ThenightbeforethetestIwasovercomebyfearanddespair.考試的前一晚我被恐驚與無(wú)望困擾著。?Shewasovercomewithgriefwhenherhusbanddied.她的丈夫去世時(shí)她哀思欲絕。易混詞語(yǔ)辨析：overcome強(qiáng)調(diào)克服困難、障礙等。beat后常跟表示人的名詞。defeat側(cè)重指在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上戰(zhàn)勝敵人。win后跟表示物的名詞，比如競(jìng)賽、戰(zhàn)斗、獎(jiǎng)金、獎(jiǎng)品等。歸納拓展：beovercomewithexcitement/horror/grief因興奮/恐怖/哀痛而不能自持beovercomewith/by往往表示“被某種心情所限制/制服”，表示人的一種心情狀態(tài)。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Althoughtherewerelotsofdifficulties________(overcome),sheneverletherproblemsdefeather.②Eventoday,Iwould________(overcome)withsorrowwheneverIthinkofthedog.完成句子③Ithinkyou'dbetterreadsomebooksinChineseto________________(克服困難)inunderstandingthelanguagebeforeyoucomehere.④Activelygettinginvolvedinvarioussocialactivitiesisthebestwayto________________(克服文化沖擊).2．declinevi.削減，降低vt.&vi.婉言謝絕，拒絕n．衰落，衰退；削減，下降(教材P59)AlthoughHawking'sphysicalabilitiesdeclinedoverdecades,heneverceasedhisstudies...盡管在過(guò)去幾十年里霍金的身體機(jī)能不斷下降，但他從未停止過(guò)探討……(1)vt.&vi.婉言謝絕，拒絕declineto削減到……declineby削減了……declinetodosth.拒絕做某事(2)n.削減；下降；衰退fall/gointodecline起先衰落onthedecline在下降；走下坡路indecline在衰退中；在衰落arapid/sharp/gradualdecline快速/急劇/漸漸下降?Thepriceof14inchTVsetsdeclinedfrom400yuanto320yuaneach.14英寸的電視機(jī)的價(jià)格每臺(tái)從400元降到了320元。?Heisovercomewithdisappointmentbecauseofthefactthatthefundingfortechnologicalinnovationhasdeclinedby40%.他很悲觀，因?yàn)橛糜诩夹g(shù)創(chuàng)新的資金已經(jīng)削減了40%。老師提示：onthedecline的反義詞組為ontheincrease，意思是“正在增長(zhǎng)，不斷增長(zhǎng)”。經(jīng)典例句：Thankfullythesmokingofcigarettesisonthedecline．令人興奮的是吸煙的人正在削減。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Atthattime,theeconomyofthecountryis________thedecline.②Itisreportedthattheprofitdeclined________________4.1%lastyear.③Thenumberofstaffhasdeclinedfrom217,000________________114,000inthecompany.完成句子④Accordingtoscientists,ourmentalabilities________________(起先衰退)fromtheageof27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.⑤Asfarasweknow,theport________________(起先衰落)inthe1990s.3.separateadj.分開(kāi)的；獨(dú)立的；不相關(guān)的；不同的v．分開(kāi)separatedadj.分居的separationn．分開(kāi)；分別；分居separatefromtherocket離開(kāi)火箭separateAfromB把A和B分開(kāi)separatethelandfromtheisland把陸地和島嶼分開(kāi)separatethegoodfromthebad把好的和壞的分開(kāi)dividethemintosixgroups把他們分成六組易混比較：separate與divideseparate指把原來(lái)連在一起的東西分開(kāi)，后接介詞from。divide指把整體分成若干部分，后接介詞into。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thosesufferingfromtheoutcomewereseparated________theotherpatients.②Huntinggroundsaredistantandithappensthatwolvesmayseparate________oneanotherattimes.③Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletourdifferencesunite,ratherthan________(divide)us.④Theability________(separate)reusableelements________otherwasteiscrucial.⑤Ourclass________(divide)________sevengroups.4．thereforeadv.所以，因此therefore是副詞，意為“因此，所以”，在句中的位置靈敏，常和句子其他部分用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；也可放在and后省略主語(yǔ)，用于承接上文表示嚴(yán)密的推理，此時(shí)不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。?Hewasbusy,therefore,hecouldn'tcome.他忙得很，所以他來(lái)不了。＝Hewasbusyandthereforecouldn'tcome.?Shewassad,soshebegantoweep.她很哀痛，所以哭了起來(lái)。易混比較：therefore與sothereforeadv.“因此”，正式用詞，表示嚴(yán)密的推理，相當(dāng)于forthatreason。soconj.“因此”，可連接兩個(gè)并列分句。常用于會(huì)話和日常文體中，推論不必嚴(yán)密。即學(xué)即練用therefore,andtherefore或so完成句子①發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistance________________helpsaveenergy.②他們?cè)?jiàn)過(guò)他用拖網(wǎng)捕魚(yú)，因此知道有魚(yú)。Theyhadseenhimtrawling;________，theyknewthattherewerefish.③Ididn'tgotobeduntil12：00lastnight,________Igotuplate.5．versionn．版本；描述，說(shuō)法asimplifiedversion簡(jiǎn)化版theEnglishversion英語(yǔ)版本anewversion新版本aTVversion電視版theoriginalversion原版twodifferentversionsoftheevent這件事的兩種不同說(shuō)法?Thisnewstartgavemeanopportunitytoredefinemyselfanddiscoveranentirelynewversionof“cool”．這個(gè)新的起先讓我有機(jī)會(huì)重新定義自己，發(fā)覺(jué)“酷”的全新版本。?Therearetwoversionsofthegame,alongoneandashortone.這嬉戲有兩個(gè)版本，一長(zhǎng)一短。經(jīng)典例句：Therearetwodifferentversionsoftheevent.這件事有兩種說(shuō)法。即學(xué)即練完成句子①________________(新版本)ofthedictionarywillbeavailablenextweek.②YesterdayIbought________________(原版)ofMao'sSelectedworkspublishedin1972.③Doyouknow________________(不同說(shuō)法)oftheincident?6.gravityn．重力，引力；(令人憂慮的)重要性；嚴(yán)峻性；莊重thecenterofgravity重心theforceofgravity重力bygravity由于重力Newton'slawofgravity牛頓萬(wàn)有引力定律withoutgravity沒(méi)有重力inzerogravity失重?Whenwegetclosertothemoon,weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus,butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth's.當(dāng)我們更靠近月球時(shí)，我們就會(huì)感覺(jué)到月球的引力在拉我們。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那樣強(qiáng)。?Idon'tthinkyourealizethegravityofthesituation.我認(rèn)為你沒(méi)有意識(shí)到局勢(shì)的嚴(yán)峻性。常見(jiàn)搭配：gravity熟詞生義：嚴(yán)峻性；莊重graspthegravity理解嚴(yán)峻性realisethegravityofthesituation相識(shí)到狀況的嚴(yán)峻性keepone'sgravity保持莊重即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Applesfall________thegroundbecause________gravity.②Theyarestillunaware____________thegravity________theproblem.③Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteria________zerogravity,andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution.7.evidencen．證據(jù)，證明evidentadj.明顯的，自不待言的haveevidence有證據(jù)findevidence找到證據(jù)giveevidence作證clear/strongevidence明顯的/有力的證據(jù)medical/scientificevidence醫(yī)學(xué)/科學(xué)證據(jù)Itisevidentthat...明顯……Thereis(some)evidencethat...有證據(jù)表明……誤區(qū)提示：evidence后常跟that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。Thereis(some)evidencethat...有證據(jù)表明……一項(xiàng)證據(jù)apieceofevidence(√)anevidence(×)即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence________plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.②“Thatisonlyevidence________traditionsonceexisted，”hesaid.③Nowwehavethemostdirect________(evident)yetthatheisright.④Yetthereis________(evident)suggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.⑤Itis________(evidence)thatallthestudentscangetgoodmarksinthefutureexam.?其次版塊：重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.inspiteof雖然；不顧；盡管……(教材P59)Inspiteofhisdisease,Hawkingdidn'tconsiderhimselfanunluckyman.盡管霍金患有疾病，但他并不認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)不幸的人。inspiteof＝despite雖然；盡管……仍；不管；不顧regardlessof不顧；不加理睬inspiteofoneself不由自主地?Weproceededwiththeworkinspiteofthecoldness.盡管天氣寒冷，我們還是接著工作。?Inspiteofhisadvancedage,thebiologistisstillburiedinhisresearch.那位生物學(xué)家盡管年事已高，但仍埋頭于他的探討工作。?TheartsofChinahavenotdeclinedinspiteoftheWesterninfluence.盡管受到西方的影響，中國(guó)的藝術(shù)并沒(méi)有衰落。?Inspiteofhisage,hestillleadsanactivelife.盡管年事已高，他照舊過(guò)著一種勞碌的生活。經(jīng)典例句：Despitethefactthatwemayfail,westilltrytoteamupwitheachotherefficiently.盡管我們可能會(huì)失敗，但我們照舊努力有效地相互合作。Hewentaheadanddidit,regardlessoftheconsequences.他說(shuō)干就干，沒(méi)有考慮后果。Hefellasleep,inspiteofhimself.他還是不由自主地睡著了。Thoughitwascold,hehadtogotowork.雖然天氣很冷，但他還是得去上班。即學(xué)即練完成句子①______________________(盡管)hisoldage,hestillleadsanactivelife.②Hehasdecidedonthedateoftheopeningofhisowncompany____________________________(盡管事實(shí)是)thathisparentsdon'tagreewithhim.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換③Inspiteofourjointeffort,westillcan'tmakeagreatbreakthrough.→________ourjointeffort,westillcan'tmakeagreatbreakthrough.2.puttogether匯合putaway將……收起putaside儲(chǔ)存；保留putdown寫(xiě)下；放下；卸下；平定putforward提出(看法、建議)puton表演；上演(戲劇)；增(肥)；戴上Londonhasmorepubsandclubsthantherestofthecountryputtogether.倫敦的酒館和俱樂(lè)部比國(guó)家其他地區(qū)全部的加在一起還要多。歸納拓展：putoff推遲；延期putout熄滅；撲滅putup舉起；張貼；搭建；供應(yīng)(食宿)putupwith忍受；容忍即學(xué)即練完成句子①Yourdepartmentspentmorelastyearthanalltheothers______________(合起來(lái)).②Wecan't________________(推遲)buyinganewprinterforourcompany.Theonewehavedoesn'twork.③Hecouldn't________________(忍受)thenoise,sohekeptthewindowsshutalldaylong.④Oneshouldalways____________________(儲(chǔ)存點(diǎn)錢(qián))forarainyday.⑤Shewashedthecupsand________________(把它們收了起來(lái)).?第三版塊：典型句式1.notjust...butalso...不但……而且……(教材P58)Hawkingwasfamous,notjustforhisbrilliantworkintheoreticalphysicsandcosmology,butalsoforovercomingthechallengesofALS(adiseasethataffectsmusclecontrol).霍金不僅因在理論物理學(xué)和宇宙學(xué)方面的杰出探討而聞名，而且因克服了肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化癥(一種影響肌肉限制的疾病)的挑戰(zhàn)而令人欽佩。歸納拓展：(1)notonly...butalso...連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式遵循“就近”原則。(2)notonly放在句首時(shí)，所在的句子要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但butalso后的句子不倒裝。(3)AaswellasB“不但B，而且A”，該結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與A保持一樣。?Notonlydothenurseswantapayincrease,buttheyalsowantreducedworkinghours.護(hù)士們不僅想漲工資，而且還想削減工作時(shí)間。?Theboy'sbrotheraswellashisparentsiswillingtodonatebloodtohim.不僅那個(gè)男孩的父母，而且他弟弟也情愿給他獻(xiàn)血。notjust...butalso...也作notonly...butalso...，意為“不但……而且……”，連接并列成分，在本句中連接兩個(gè)并列的緣由狀語(yǔ)。經(jīng)典例句：Thisisnotjust/onlyanhonourformyself,butalsorecognitionandencouragementforallscientistsinChina.這不僅是我個(gè)人的榮譽(yù)，也是對(duì)中國(guó)全部科學(xué)家的認(rèn)可和激勵(lì)。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①NotonlyTombutalsohisparents________(be)invitedtheotherday.②NotonlyhisparentsbutalsoTom________(be)invitedtheotherday.完成句子③Thecomputerwasusedinteaching.Asaresult,notonly______________________(節(jié)約了老師的精力),butstudentsalsobecamemoreinterestedinthelessons.④They________________(不但撲滅了大火)butalsosavedpeoplewhowereindanger.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換⑤Heisnotonlyagiftedmusician,butalsoagreatspeakerwhocanalwaysgiveusstudentsencouragement.→Heisagiftedmusician________________________agreatspeakerwhocanalwaysgiveusstudentsencouragement.2．that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句(教材P59)Histheorywasthattherewasasortofholeinthecentreofablackhole.他的理論是在黑洞的中心還有一種洞。表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有that和whether連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever等。連接副詞when,where,why,how等。其他連接詞asif,asthough,because等。?Myideaisthatweshouldsupportthereformofthelegalsystem.我的想法是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)支持法律體系的改革。?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.好消息是，我可以幫助我的孩子比我更早地學(xué)會(huì)如何用更少的物質(zhì)過(guò)更豐富的生活。(“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”作learn的賓語(yǔ))?Thisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.這就是父親教給我的——恒久面對(duì)困難，并且抱最好的希望。誤區(qū)警示：whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能替換成if。經(jīng)典例句：Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwaswhenhescoredthewinninggoal.對(duì)這位足球明星來(lái)說(shuō)，最好的時(shí)刻就是他踢進(jìn)制勝球的那一刻。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thereasonforyourmistakeis________youlackconfidenceinyourself.②Thequestionis________wecanreducethecostoftheproduct.③Thisplaceisn't________itusedtobe.④Thedoubtis________hasgotawaywiththedocument.⑤Thatwas________wecampedlasttime.⑥Thequestionis________wecandotheworkbetter.⑦Itsounds________________Laurahasbeenreallyill.Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Ireadaloton________(宇宙學(xué))andsubsequentlyareasonableamountofphilosophy.2．The________(雄偉的)designofEurope'smonetaryunionisalreadyagreed.3．Withno________(重力),it'sjustaseasytopedalviolently.4．Histheoriesgiveusanactive________(理論的)andpracticalsignificance.5．Hisevaluationgavemethestrengthto________(克服)thedifficulty.Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)填空inspiteof,onthedecline,separatefrom,lookup,argueabout,bediagnosedwith,regardas,beproudof,pointto,withthehelpof1．Theresidentsofthetown________thenewstadium.2．She________temporarydepression,andhadtogotohospitalduringtheday.3．Canyou________theopeningceremonyonthewebsite?4．Theywentswimming________allthedangersignsandwarnings.5．Anumberofgiftedpeople________thesuccessortothenowvacantpost.6．He________thatmechanicalwatchandtoldusaboutitshistory.7．Nowadays,manystudentsdohomeworkonline________thenetwork.8．Thetwochildren________whatentertainmentprogrammestowatch.9．Innowaycantheory________practice.10．Luckily,therateofviolenceandcrimeintheareais________．Ⅲ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thankfullythesmokingofcigarettesis________thedecline.2．Ifthoseclubsactuallywinsomething,theplayerswillreceivelarge________(bonus).3．Amydiscoveredthatthe________(theory)andwrittenassignmentcameeasilytoher.4．She________(overcome)herfearofbloodaftershebecameasurgeon.5．Thenetworkdescribed________(grand)knowingeverythingaboutthegame.6．Astheeconomywas________decline,somepeopleinthetownhadlosttheirjobs.7．Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclined________50percentonmorethan46，000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.8．WeofferedtogiveSharonaridehome,butshe________(decline),sayingthatshefeltlikewalking.9．Inspite________alltheproblems,severaloftheplayersproducedexcellentperformances.10．Theirchildisatthestage________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.11．There,henotonlydidwellasastudent________alsobecameanaccomplishedpublicspeaker.Ⅳ.漢譯英(用上括號(hào)內(nèi)的短語(yǔ))1．盡管他們已想方設(shè)法節(jié)約用錢(qián)，債務(wù)照舊在漸漸增多。(inspiteof)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．1929年生產(chǎn)增長(zhǎng)率趨于下降。(onthedecline)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________