Unit1Howcanwebeegoodlearners?短語歸納1.（向某人）求助____________________ 2.備考____________________3.與……交談____________________ 4.愛上；喜歡上__________________5.關注；留意____________________ 6.擔心；擔憂____________________7.從……中學習____________________ 8.思考；考慮____________________9.尋找____________________ 10.視……而定；依靠；依賴_________11.把……和……連接或聯(lián)系起來_______________ 12.為……做準備_________________13.有……共同點____________________ 14.記筆記____________________15.犯錯誤____________________ 16.作報告____________________17.朗讀____________________ 18.（在詞典、參考書中或通過電腦）查閱；抬頭看____________________19.寫下；記下____________________ 20.弄清；查明____________________21.口語技巧____________________ 22.英語口語____________________23.學習習慣____________________ 24.一個詞一個詞地；逐詞________25.多久一次____________________ 26.反復地____________________27.起初；起先____________________ （反：最后____________________)28.……的秘訣____________________ 30.天生具有 ____________________ 31.對……感興趣__________________32.擅長____________________ 33.緊張____________________34.因為____________________ 35.代替；作為……的替換_________36.以便；為了____________________ 37.即使；縱然____________________38.向某人解釋某事___________________ SectionA1.byaskingtheteacherforhelp通過向老師求助asksb.forhelp向某人求助，請求某人幫助askforhelp求援；請求幫助askthepoliceforhelp向警察求助Askingforhelpisnotaweakness.拓展ask的其他常見用法：①ask(sb.)forsth.意為“（向某人）要某物”。Don'talwaysask(yourparents)formoney.②asksb.(not)todosth.意為“要求某人（不要）做某事”。Whydidyouaskus(not)towaitforhim?練習根據(jù)所給中文意思完成句子，每空限填一詞。遇到麻煩時，艾倫經(jīng)常請求幫助。Alanoften________________________helpwhenheisintrouble.2.DoyouhaveconversationswithfriendsinEnglish?你和朋友用英語交談嗎？1)haveconversationswithsb.與某人交談同義短語為haveatalkwithsb.或talkto/withsb.。Hehadconversationswithdifferentvisitorsyesterday.2)conversation①〔可數(shù)名詞〕交談；談話指某次具體的談話。Thisisaprivateconversation.Don'tinterrupt!②〔不可數(shù)名詞〕交談；談話泛指談話。Youcoulduseasmartphonetorecordsomeoftheconversation.3.Whataboutlisteningtotapes?聽磁帶怎么樣？Whatabout...?……怎么樣？相當于Howabout..?常用來征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh，也可用來詢問情況。注意about為介詞，其后可接名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式。Ithinkthisisagoodidea.Whataboutyou?Whataboutflyingkitesthere?I'mgoingtomakeacakeforher.Whataboutyou?拓展英語中表示建議的其他句式：①Shallwedo...?我們做……好嗎？—Shallwegothereatonce?—OK!②Let'sdo...!咱們做……吧！Let'sgoandseethepandas!③Whynotdo...?=Whydon'tyou/wedo...?為什么不做……呢？Whynottryagain?=Whydon'tyou/wetryagain?Youhadbetterstayathome.⑤Wouldyoulikesth./todosth?你想要某物/做某事嗎？Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?4.Whataboutreadingaloudtopracticepronunciation!朗讀來練習發(fā)音怎么樣？1）辨析：aloud，loud與loudlyaloud副詞“大聲地”常與call,shout,cry等連用loud形容詞“出聲地”常與read等連用副詞“響亮的；大聲的；吵鬧的”可作定語或表語loudly副詞“響亮地；大聲地”，常指說話聲和笑聲常與talk,speak,sing,laugh等連用“喧鬧地；大聲地；響亮地”，相當于loud的副詞用法，含有吵鬧的意思常與knock,ring等連用注意aloud沒有比較級和最高級。Thathungrybabycriedaloud.Pleasereadtheconversationaloud.Themusicistooloud.Pleaseturnitdown.Sheisspeakinginaloudvoice.Speakloud,please,ornoonewillhearyou.Suddenlythebellonthewallrangloudly.2）動詞不定式（短語）作目的狀語topracticepronunciation在句中作目的狀語。動詞不定式（短語）在句中作目的狀語時，可以放在句首或句尾，通常翻譯成“為了……”。Tokeepfit,weshoulddrinkmilkeveryday.Iwanttoeovertoyourhousetoseeyourparents.練習Peter'smothergetsupearly___________breakfastforhimeverymorning.A.tomakeB.makingC.makeD.makes3)practice①〔及物動詞〕練習其后可接名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式。此處為美式英語寫法。在英式英語中寫作practise。practice/practisedoingsth.練習做某事PracticespeakingEnglish.②〔不可數(shù)名詞〕練習在美式英語和英式英語中都可用作名詞。hoursofpractice數(shù)小時的練習4)pronunciation〔名詞〕發(fā)音；讀音表示“某人的發(fā)音”時用單數(shù)形式。其動詞形式為pronounce（發(fā)音）。InChina,ninehasthesimilarpronunciationwiththeword“forever”,meaninglonglife.Pleasepronounceyourwordsclearly.It'stoohardtounderstandspokenEnglish.聽懂英語口語太難了。1)It's+形容詞+todosth.做某事是……的。其中it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式（短語）。It'simportanttolearnEnglishwell.形式主語真正主語拓展一言辨異It'simportantformetolearnaforeignlanguageandit'sniceofyoutohelpme.對我來說學習一門外語很重要，你能幫我真是太好了。練習It'snecessary_________masks（口罩）inpublicplacesduringtheCOVID19period.A.forustowearB.foruswearingC.ofuswearingD.ofustowear2)spokenEnglish英語口語spoken是由speak的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的形容詞，在句中作定語，修飾English。MyspokenEnglishisnotverygood.拓展Englishspeaking是一個合成形容詞，意為“說英語的”。AmericaisanEnglishspeakingcountry.6.Annie,I’malittlenervous.安妮，我有點兒緊張。辨析：alittle與abit①二者修飾形容詞、副詞原級及比較級時，意為“有點兒；稍微”，可以互換。It'salittle/abithottoday.Heisalittle/abittallerthanme.②二者修飾名詞時，意為“一點兒；少量”，其區(qū)別為：alittle可直接修飾不可數(shù)名詞，abit修飾名詞時其后須加of，即“abitof+不可數(shù)名詞”。alittlemilk=abitofmilk一點兒牛奶③alittle還可作不定代詞使用，而abit不可?！狢anyouspeakChinese?—Yes,alittle.④二者與not連用時，意思差別很大。notalittle=very(much）很；非常notabit=not…atall一點兒也不；毫不I'mnotalittlehappy.I'mnotabithappy.7.IhavetofinishreadingabookandgiveareportnextMonday.我得讀完一本書并在下周一作報告。finish〔及物動詞〕完成其后可跟名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式作賓語。Ifinishedmyhomeworkhalfanhourago.TheworkissohardthatIcan'tfinishitinanhour.Haveyoufinishedcooking?助記常跟動詞ing形式作賓語的動詞及短語完成練習盼望忙finish,practice,lookforwardto,bebusy考慮建議不禁想consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike錯過習慣（別）放棄miss,beusedto,giveup繼續(xù)喜歡（要）介意keepon,enjoy,mind8.Thatdoesn'tsoundtoobad.那聽上去不算太糟糕。sound①〔連系動詞〕聽起來其后常跟形容詞作表語。soundlike聽起來像Yourideasoundsgood.Thatmaynotsoundlikefuntoyou.拓展類似的連系動詞：look“看起來”;smell“有（或發(fā)出）……氣味”;taste“有……味道”;feel“摸起來；感到”。②〔名詞〕聲音泛指自然界的一切聲音。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.練習Thetrip___________reallyexcitingtome.HowIwishtogo!A.soundsB.smellsC.tastesD.feels9.Justreadquicklytogetthemainideasatfirst.開始時只管快速閱讀獲取大意即可。1)atfirst首先；最初在句中用作狀語反義短語atlast意為“最后；終于”。Atfirstweusedtools.Laterwehadmachines.2）辨析：atfirst與firstofallatfirst首先；最初相當于inthebeginning，與后來發(fā)生的事相對照，暗含事情后來有變化firstofall首先相當于first，表示順序，是時間上或一系列動作的開始，后面往往接next,then等AtfirstIdidn'twanttogo,butsoonIchangedmymind.Firstofall,openthewindows,thenturnoffthegas,andifnecessary,callanambulance.10.Don’treadwordbyword.Readwordgroups.不要一個詞一個詞地讀，要按意群讀。wordbyword一個詞一個詞地；逐詞地此處用作方式狀語。其中介詞by表示連續(xù)或反復，意為“（一個）接著（一個）;（一個）又（一個）”。Copythesentenceswordbyword.拓展類似的短語：onebyone一個接一個 stepbystep一步一步，漸漸yearbyyear年復一年，逐年 littlebylittle一點一點，逐漸11.Trytoguessaword'smeaningbyreadingthesentencesbeforeandafterit.盡量通過閱讀單詞的前后句來猜測它的意思。1)辨析：trytodosth.與trydoingsth.trytodosth.盡力做某事表示想盡一切辦法做某事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事表示試著做做看Hetriedtocarrythebox.Themantriedrepairingthemachine.2)sentence〔可數(shù)名詞〕句子makesentences/asentence造句Makesentenceswiththewordsandexpressions.12.Well,bepatient.哦，耐心點兒。patient①〔形容詞〕有耐心的反義詞為impatient（沒有耐心的）；副詞形式為patiently（耐心地）；名詞形式為patience（耐心），常構成短語inpatience（耐心地）。Youshouldlearntobepatient.Ourteacherisverypatientwithus.Mr.Greenwaspatienttoexplainthesentencetome=Mr.Greenexplainedthesentencetomepatiently②〔可數(shù)名詞〕病人Thepatientistooweaktospeak.一言辨異Thenurseispatientwithherpatients.那名護士對她的病人很有耐心。13.Themoreyouread,thefasteryou'llbe.你讀得越多，你（讀書的速度）就會越快。the+比較級...,the+比較級...越……，就越……Themoreyoulearn,themoreyouknow.練習Ithink___________childrenlearntolookafterthemselves,________itisfortheirfuture,A.theearlier;thebetterB.theearliest;thebestC.theearly;thegood14.WhydidWeiFenfinditdifficulttolearnEnglish?為什么魏芬發(fā)現(xiàn)學英語很難？findit+形容詞+to發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事……find后接復合賓語，其中it在本結構中作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式todosth.，形容詞在句中作賓語補足語。Ifindithelpfultoreadthetextbookbeforetheexam.注意有同樣用法的動詞還有think,feel,consider等。拓展“findit+形容詞+todosth.”可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“findit+be+形容詞+todosth.”這一結構。后者為含有賓語從句的復合句，其中it在賓語從句中作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式，形容詞在賓語從句中作表語。Ifinditboringtolistentothespeech.=Ifinditisboringtolistentothespeech.練習—WhatdoyouthinkoflearningChinese,David?—Actually,Ifind___________hardtolearnChinesewellinashorttime.A.that 15.Whatisthesecrettolanguagelearning?語言學習的秘訣是什么？secret①〔可數(shù)名詞〕秘密；秘訣thesecretto/of……的秘訣keepasecret保守秘密insecret秘密地，暗地里Ithinkthatcarefulplanningisoneofthesecretstosuccess.—Howoldareyou,MissLi?—Oh,it'sasecret.注意在thesecretto...結構中，to為介詞，表示兩者之間的關系。類似的結構還有：thekeytothedoor門的鑰匙theanswertothequestion問題的答案thetickettothematch比賽門票②〔形容詞〕秘密的；保密的Heescapedthroughasecretdoor.練習根據(jù)所給漢語和提示詞完成下面的句子依我之見，多閱讀是提高語言能力的秘訣一。(secret)Inmyopinion,readingmoreisoneof___________improvingyourlanguageability.16.TheteacherspokesoquicklythatIdidnotunderstandhermostofthetime.老師說得太快了，以至于大部分時間我聽不懂她（的話）。so...that...如此…以至于…so后接形容詞或副詞，that引導結果狀語從句。常見結構有：so+形容詞/副詞+that從句so+many/much/few/little（少）+名詞+that從句so+形容詞+a(n)+名詞+that從句Sheissopatientthatallthekidslikeher.Shehascollectedsomanybeautifulsentencesthatshecanwritethepositionwell.Heissogoodateacherthatwealllovehim.練習根據(jù)所給提示，完成句子。重慶如此美麗，以至于每年都有成千上萬的人來參觀。（完成譯句）Chongqingis_________beautiful_________thousandsoftouristsvisititeveryyear.17.Iwasafraidtoaskquestionsbecauseofmypoorpronunciation.由于我糟糕的發(fā)音，我不敢問問題。1)beafraidtodosth.（因害怕）不敢做某事I'mafraidtostayathomealone.拓展①beafraidof(doing)sth.害怕（做）某事Tinaissoshythatsheisafraidofspeakinginfrontoftheclass.②beafraidthat...恐怕……I'mafraidthathehasnotimenow.2)becauseof因為，由于Hewalkedslowlybecauseofhisbadleg.練習Inthefuture,robotswillplayamoreimportantroleinpeople'slife___________thedevelopmentoftechnology.aheadofB.insteadofC.becauseof3）辨析：becauseof與because兩者都表示“因為”，但用法有別，具體如下：becauseof介詞短語其后一般跟名詞（短語）或代詞because連詞通常用來陳述理由或原因，后接句子Theydidn'tgotothemuseumbecauseoftherain.=Theydidn'tgotothemuseumbecauseitrained.18.ThenonedayIwatchedanEnglishmoviecalledToyStory.后來有一天我看了一部名叫《玩具總動員》的英文電影。calledToyStory為過去分詞短語，作后置定語，修飾anEnglishmovie。此處called相當于named。過去分詞（短語）作定語時，所修飾的名詞與它之間存在被動關系。anEnglishmoviecalledToyStory也可表示為anEnglishmovienamedToyStory或anEnglishmoviewiththenameofToyStory。aboycalledJack=aboynamedJack=aboywiththenameofJack19.Ifellinlovewiththisexcitingandfunnymovie!我愛上了這部既令人興奮又有趣的電影！1)fallinlovewith愛上（某人或某物）表示動作。其近義短語是beinlovewith.表示狀態(tài)，可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用。Theyfellinlovewithexerciseduringtheholiday.LucyandJohnhavebeeninlovewitheachotherforfouryears.練習根據(jù)所給中文完成句子翻譯。丹東的山水如此絢麗，他立即便愛上了這座城市。ThemountainsandriversinDandongweresocolorful___________atonce.2）辨析：exciting與excitedexciting“使人興奮的；令人激動的”常作定語或表語，通常修飾或說明物excited“興奮的；激動的”常作表語，主語通常是人，多說明人的感受theexcitingnewsEveryonelookedveryexcited.拓展一般來說，ing形式的形容詞描述事物本身具有的特性；ed形式的形容詞描述人受到某事物的影響而表現(xiàn)出狀態(tài)。常見的這類詞有：interesting（有趣的）/interested（感興趣的）;surprising（令人吃驚的）/surprised（吃驚的）;amazing（令人驚奇的）/amazed（驚奇的）;relaxing（使人放松的）/relaxed（放松的）;boring（令人厭煩的，無聊的）/bored（厭倦的）等。練習The___________newsmadehim___________.Hedidn'tfallasleepuntilmidnight.A.excited;excitedB.exciting;excitingC.exciting;excitedD.excited;exciting20.SolbegantowatchotherEnglishmovies,too.因此我也開始看其他的英文電影了。辨析：other,theother,others,theothers與anotherother“別的，其他的”，常修飾復數(shù)名詞theother表示兩者中的“另一個”，是特指，常用于one...theother...結構中，表示“一個……,另一個……”。theother之后也可接數(shù)詞或復數(shù)名詞，特指“其他的”，這時other是形容詞others用作代詞，泛指“其他的人或物”,some...others...表示“一些……，另一些……”theothers特指在一個范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”another泛指三者或三者以上中的另一個，其后可接單數(shù)名詞WestudyChinese,English,mathandothersubjects.Ihavetwoelderbrothers.Oneisadoctor,andtheotherisaworker.Youshouldthinkofothers.Therearefiftyfivestudentsinourclass.Thirtyofusaregirls,andtheothersareboys.Thisshirtistoosmallforme.Showmeanotherone,please.練習Ireadtworeportsyesterday.OneisabouttheThreechildPolicy（政策）,and___________isaboutMarsexploration（探測）.A.anotherB.theotherC.other21.AlthoughIcouldnotunderstandeverythingthecharacterssaid,theirbodylanguageandtheexpressionsontheirfaceshelpedmetogetthemeaning.雖然我不能明白（劇中）角色所說的一切，但他們的肢體語言和臉上的表情幫助我理解了他們的意思。1)although〔從屬連詞〕雖然；盡管；即使引導讓步狀語從句，與though同義。Althoughmypronunciationispoor,IstillwanttojointheEnglishclub.Theyarehappy,althoughtheyarepoor.Although/Thoughit'shardwork,Ienjoyit.注意在同一個句子中，although/though與but不可同時使用。練習___________heis72yearsold,___________hekeepsrunningeveryday.A.Although;but B.Although;/ C.But;/2)expression①〔可數(shù)名詞〕表情，神色asadexpressiononhisface②〔名詞〕表示；表達方式Isentthemflowersasanexpressionofthanks.3)helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事可以與helpsb.withsth.進行同義轉(zhuǎn)換。Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dothehouseworkathome.=Ioftenhelpmymotherwiththehouseworkathome.22.MypronunciationimprovedaswellbylisteningtotheconversationsinEnglishmovies.通過聽英文電影中的對白，我的發(fā)音也得到了改善。辨析：aswell,too,also與either這四者都表示“也”，但用法不同，區(qū)別如下：aswell用于肯定句常放于句末，其前無逗號too用于肯定句一般放于句末，其前可有逗號，也可沒有逗號also用于肯定句位于助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞be之后，實義動詞之前either用于否定句放于句末，其前可有逗號，也可沒有逗號Wecandoalotofthingsinthemuseum,butwehavetoobeysomerulesaswell.Jimlikesred.Ilikered,too.Theyalsoagreewithme.Ifhedoesn'tgo,Iwon'tgo,either.23.Idiscoveredthatlisteningtosomethinginterestingisthesecrettolanguagelearning.我發(fā)現(xiàn)聽有趣的東西是語言學習的秘訣。1)discover〔及物動詞〕發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺指發(fā)現(xiàn)原已存在但以前未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西。ScientistshavediscoveredhugewavesintheArcticwaters.Whenthemotherreturnedtoherseat,shediscoveredthatthechildwasmissing.2)動名詞（短語）作主語本句是一個復合句，that引導賓語從句。在賓語從句中，listeningtosomethinginteresting是動名詞短語，作主語。單個動名詞（短語）作主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.3)somethinginteresting有趣的事情something是不定代詞，interesting是形容詞，當形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing等復合不定代詞時，形容詞要放在復合不定代詞的后面。Infact,theremustbesomethinggoodinanycountry.Thedoctorsaidtherewasnothingwrongwithme.拓展①一般情況下，由some構成的復合不定代詞用于肯定句中，由any構成的復合不定代詞用于否定句或疑問句中。但在表示建議、請求或希望對方作出肯定回答時，仍然用some構成的復合不定代詞。Shesaidtherewassomethingtodo.Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?②不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Thereissomethinginmyeyes.助記不定代詞的用法不定代詞不一般，修飾成分放后邊；如果用來作主語，謂語動詞是三單。（注：“三單”指第三人稱單數(shù)） 24.ButbecauseIwantedtounderstandthestory,Ilookedthemupinadictionary.但因為我想理解這個故事，所以我在詞典中查閱了它們。lookup①（在詞典、參考書中或通過電腦）查閱動副短語Ifyoudon'tknowthemeaningofthissentence,pleaselookitupontheInternet.②抬頭看Shelookedupattheskyandsmiledsecretly.練習Thereisnoneedto______everynewwordinthedictionarywhenyouarereading.A.lookup B.lookat C.lookafter D.lookthrough25.IwanttolearnnewwordsandmoregrammarsothatIcanhaveabetterunderstandingofEnglishmovies.我想學習生詞和更多的語法，以便我能更好地理解英文電影。1)grammar〔不可數(shù)名詞〕語法Checkyourspellingandgrammar.2）辨析：sothat與so...thatsothat“以便；為了”，引導目的狀語從句，相當于便inorderthatPleaseturnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.請打開燈，以便我們能看清楚它?！耙虼耍浴?，引導結果狀語從句Mr.Wangdidnotworkhard,sothathewasoutofworkwhenhewasyoung.王先生工作不努力，因此他年輕時就失業(yè)了。so...that“如此……以至于”,that引導結果狀語從句IamsotiredthatIcan'twalkanyfarther.我如此累以至于不能再走了。26.Bylisteningtoatapeandrepeatingoutloud.通過聽磁帶并大聲重復出來。repeat①〔不及物動詞〕重復Liftandlowertherightleg20times.Repeatwiththeleftleg.②〔及物動詞〕重復；重做Canyourepeatyourquestion?“Imissmyson,”thewomankeptrepeating.練習—Wouldyouplease__________whatyousaid?—Sure.Iaskedyoutohavearest.It'stoohottoday.A.show B.spell C.review D.repeat27.Bytakingnotes,doingexercisesandreadingalot.通過記筆記、做練習和大量的閱讀。note①〔可數(shù)名詞〕筆記；記錄takenotes=makenotes=writenotes記筆記；做記錄TakingnotescarefullyisoneofthesecretstolearningEnglishwell.②〔及物動詞〕注意；指出notesth.down記錄；記下Pleasenotehowheswims.Inoteddownthelecture.28.IusuallypracticemyEnglishbytakingnotes/readingbooksandnewspapers/speakingEnglishwithmyclassmates/memorizingsentencepatterns.我通常通過記筆記/讀書和報紙/和同學說英語/記句型來練習英語。memorize〔及物動詞〕記憶；記住相當于remember。Ican'tmemorizethegrammarrules.拓展memory〔名詞〕記憶力；回憶Theboyhasagoodmemory.Theexperiencegaveusmanyhappymemories.29.Howoftendoyoudothem？你多久做一次語法練習？辨析：howoften,howlong,howsoon與howmuchhowoften多久一次對頻率提問常用never,always,often等表示頻度的副詞或“once/twice...（表示次數(shù)的副詞）+時間段”等來回答howlong多長時間；（物體）多長常對時間段提問；也可用于提問物體的長度常用“for+時間段”或“since+時間點”來回答“多長時間”；常用“基數(shù)詞+meter(s)kilometer(s)...+long”回答物體的長度howsoon多久以后常對“in+時間段”提問，常用于一般將來時態(tài)的句子中其答語常是“in+時間段”howmuch多少；多少錢詢問不可數(shù)名詞的量或物品的價格回答量時，常用“基數(shù)詞+表示量的名詞（+of+不可數(shù)詞）”；回答價格時，常用“基數(shù)詞+yuan/dollars...”等—Howoftendoyouexercise?—Onceaday.—HowlonghaveyouworkedinBeijing.—Forfiveyears.—HowsoonwillMr.Lieback?—Inaweek.—Howmuch(milk)doyouneed?—Twocups.練習—__________doyouplaysports,Ella?—Everyday.It'snecessaryforustoplaysportsanhouradayatschool.HowmuchB.HowoftenC.HowlongSectionB1.Ican'talwaysunderstandspokenEnglish.我并不是總能聽懂英語口語。部分否定notalways意為“不一定總是；未必總是”。當not與both,always,all,everyone,everything等詞連用時，表示部分否定。Thosewhohavealotofmoneyarenotalwayshappy.Noteveryonelikesthisbook.=Everyonedoesn'tlikethisbook.2.Idon'tknowhowtoincreasemyreadingspeed.我不知道如何提高我的閱讀速度。1)“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構howtoincreasemyreadingspeed是“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構，在句中作know的賓語。英語中，疑問代詞what,who,which和疑問副詞where,when,how等后面可接動詞不定式，這種結構在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等成分。此結構作賓語時，常與know,tell,wonder,ask,show,teach,learn,decide等動詞連用。HowtoimprovemyspokenEnglishisabigproblem.作主語單數(shù)注意“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Somanybeautifulflowers!Ican'tdecidewhichtochooseformymom.這么多漂亮的花！我不能決定為我媽媽選擇哪一種。練習—MyfamilywillgoonatriptoBeijingthissummer,butwehaven'tdecided______.—Whynottakethehighspeedrailway?A.whentoleave B.howtogetthereC.whichhoteltochooseD.howlongtostaythere2)increase①〔及物動詞〕增加；增長Readingcannotonlyincreaseourknowledge,butalsobringuspleasure.②〔不及物動詞〕增加；增長increaseto增加到……increaseby增加了……Thepopulationoftheareaisincreasingquickly.Thepopulationofthiscitywillincreaseto1,000,000.Thepriceofthevegetablesthereincreasedby10%.③〔名詞〕增加；增大Theincreaseinpopulationcausedashortageoffood.練習根據(jù)首字母及句意寫出完整單詞。Beingoverweighti_________theriskofhavingaheartproblem.You'dbetterexercisemore.3)speed〔名詞〕速度athigh/lowspeed以高/低速ataspeedof...以……的速度Whatyoushoulddonowistoincreaseyourwritingspeed.3.loftenmakemistakesingrammar.我經(jīng)常犯語法錯誤。makemistakes犯錯；出錯（=makeamistake)makemistakes/amistakein.在……方面犯錯誤Didyoumakeamistakeagain?Iusedtomakemistakesinspelling.練習Mybrotherwasquitecareless,sohe_________inspellingintheexam.A.mademistakesB.madedecisions C.madeplans4.Hecan'tgetthepronunciationright.他不能使發(fā)音正確。get...right使……正確，糾正……此處get為使役動詞，right是形容詞，作賓語補足語?！癵et+賓語+賓語補足語”結構通常表示“使某人/某事物處于某種狀態(tài)或位置”。注意這一結構中的賓語補足語還可以是現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動詞不定式等。Theworkgetseveryonetired.Canyougetthecarstarted?Youmustgetthemachinerunningallthetime.5.Idon'thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.我沒有一起練習英語的同伴。動詞不定式短語作后置定語本句中動詞不定式短語topracticeEnglishwith作后置定語，修飾apartner。被修飾詞apartner作介詞with的賓語，故此處的with不可省略。Marycanfindnobodytomakefriendswith.Theoldmanwantsapersontotalkwith.注意動詞不定式作定語修飾名詞時，通常放在名詞的后面，并與所修飾的名詞存在動賓關系，構成“名詞+動詞不定式”結構。如果構成不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，須加上相應的介詞。Peoplehereneedmorehousestolivein.6.Everyoneisbornwiththeabilitytolearn.每個人天生都具有學習的能力。1)bebornwith天生具有常指生來就具有某種天分、性格或患有某種疾病等。Hewasbornwithsomethingwrongwithhismouth.練習—Thesongsthelittlegirlsingsareverysweet.—She_________agoodvoice.Nobodytaughther.A.takescareof B.issimilarto C.looksforwardto D.isbornwith2)born①〔動詞〕出生beborn出生；出世此短語為被動語態(tài)，當說明某（些）人的出生情況時，be動詞通常用was或were。HewasborninBeijingonOctober9th,1998.②〔形容詞〕天生的通常置于名詞前作定語。Heisabornpoet.3)ability〔名詞〕能力；才能theabilitytodosth.做某事的能力Inourculture,theabilitytomakeone'sowndecisionsisimportant.HehasgreatabilityinteachingChinese.7.Butwhetherornotyoucandothiswelldependsonyourlearninghabits.但是你是否能把這做好取決于你的學習習慣。1)主語從句句中whetherornotyoucandothiswell是一個從句，作整個句子的主語，這種從句叫主語從句。單個主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。Whethertheywouldsupportuswasaproblem.2)whetherornot是英語從句的一個連詞結構，意思和功能相當于whether，意為“是否”，常出現(xiàn)在賓語從句、主語從句中。whetherornot也可寫作whether...ornot,ornot放在句末。Idon'tknowwhetherornotIshouldbelievehim.(=Idon'tknowwhetherIshouldbelievehimornot.)3)dependon意為“視……而定；取決于；依靠；依賴”，其后可接名詞、代詞、動詞ing形式。它既不能用于進行時態(tài)，也不能用于被動語態(tài)。Thepricedependsonthequality.Youcan'tdependonyourparentsforever.練習根據(jù)所給漢語句子，把英語句子補充完整。能否實現(xiàn)夢想取決于你的努力程度。Whetheryourdreamcanetrueornot________________howhardyouwork.8.Researchshowsthatsuccessfullearnershavesomegoodhabitsinmon.研究表明，成功的學習者有一些共同的好習慣。have...inmon(withsb./sth.)（與某人/某物）……共同點/相同之處Thetwinshavemanythingsinmon.ShehasnothinginmonwithJane.9.Creatinganinterestinwhattheylearn建立對他們所學內(nèi)容的興趣辨析：create,discover與inventShakespearecreatedmanyfamouscharacters.Youcancreateafile.Recentlyhediscoveredgoldcoinsinthatarea.Heisdoingexperimentstoinventsomethingnew.10.Studiesshowthatifyouareinterestedinalsoeasierforyoutopayattentiontoitforalongtime.研究表明，如果你對某事感興趣，你的大腦就會更活躍，你也更容易長時間關注它。1)beinterestedin...對……感興趣相當于takeaninterestin...。beeinterestedin對……產(chǎn)生興趣AreyouinterestedinlearningEnglish?Theyareinterestedinsports.=Theytakeaninterestinsports.2）辨析：interested與interestinginteresting有趣的既可作表語又可作定語，常用來說明或修飾事物interested感興趣的常作表語，主語一般是人，常用來說明人的感受ThestudentsinClassTwoareinterestedinthisinterestingstory.3)active〔形容詞〕活躍的；積極的Anothersecrettolivingahappylifeistobeactive.Encouragestudentstotakeanactivepartindiscussions.4)payattentionto注意；關注其中attention為名詞，意為“注意；關注”;to為介詞，其后可跟名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式。You'dbetterpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation.Youshouldpayattentiontokeepingthelabclean.練習—Bob,please_________yourspelling.You'vedroppedthe“d”intheword“knowledge”.—Oh,yes.I'llbemorecarefulnexttime.A.listento B.lookforwardto C.payattentionto D.getusedto11.Goodlearnersoftenconnectwhattheyneedtolearnwithsomethinginteresting.好的學習者常常將他們需要學習的東西與感興趣的東西聯(lián)系起來。connect〔及物動詞〕（使）連接；與……有聯(lián)系connect...with...把……和……連接/聯(lián)系起來beconnectedwith...與……有關系；與……有親戚關系ArailwayconnectsBeijingwithShang.Icametorealizethatthefoodissocloselyconnectedwithitslocalculture.拓展connection〔名詞〕連接；關系There'saconnectionbetweenpollutionandthedeathoftrees.12.Thiswaytheywillnotgetbored.這樣他們就不會感到厭倦了。1)getbored感到厭倦/無聊get此處用作連系動詞，其后常接形容詞作表語。get/beboredwith對……感到厭煩Somestudentsusuallygetboredinhistoryclass.2)辨析：bored與boring兩者都可用作形容詞，都含有“厭倦”之意，但用法有別。bored“厭倦的；煩悶的”常說明人的感受，作表語時句子主語通常是人boring“沒趣的；令人厭倦的”常說明事物的特征，通常修飾或說明物；可作表語，也可作定語Thebookissoboring.I'mboredwithit.13.Goodlearnersthinkaboutwhattheyaregoodatandwhattheyneedpracticemore.好的學習者會思考他擅長什么和需要多練習什么。thinkabout思考，思索；認為其后可跟名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式Heisthinkingaboutaproblem.Theplanisreasonable.Pleasethinkaboutit.Heisthinkingaboutvisitinghisparents.拓展常用的think短語還有：①thinkover仔細考慮Letmethinkitover.②thinkof想起；認為Ican'tthinkofhisnamerightnow.注意當thinkof意為“想起”時，不能與thinkabout互換。當thinkof意為“認為”時，可與thinkabout互換。Ican'tthinkofthatthing.Whatdoyouthinkof/aboutAnimalWorld?14.Evenifyoulearnsomethingwell,youwillforgetitunlessyouuseit.即使有些東西你學得很好，如果不使用它，你也會忘記。1)evenif即使；雖然有退一步設想的意味，用來引導讓步狀語從句，相當于eventhough。Evenifyouworktillmidnight,youwon'tfinishit.練習—I'mafraidIcan'tdowellinthesportsmeeting—Don'tworry.Iwillsupportyou,_________youdon'tsucceed.A.evenif B.if C.sothatD.unless2)unless〔連詞〕除非；如果不引導條件狀語從句，相當于if...not，在許多情況下二者可以互換。Youwillfailtheexamunlessyouworkhard.=Ifyoudon'tworkhard,youwillfailtheexam.Don'teunlessItelephoneyou.注意當主句是一般將來時、祈使句或主句謂語含有情態(tài)動詞時，unless引導的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。練習Therearenobusestothebeach._________youhaveacar,it'sdifficulttogetthere.A.SinceB.AfterC.UnlessD.Because15.Goodlearnerswillkeeppracticingwhattheyhavelearned,andtheyarenotafraidofmakingmistakes.好的學習者會不斷練習他們已經(jīng)學到的，而且他們不害怕犯錯誤。keepdoingsth.一直做某事，繼續(xù)做某事強調(diào)動作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)性。Whydoyoukeeplaughingallthetime?拓展keepsb.Sorry,Ihavekeptyouwaitingsolong.②keepondoingsth.反復做某事強調(diào)動作的反復性。Weshouldkeeponpassingtheballtoeachother.16.Theyalsolookforwaystoreviewwhattheyhavelearned.他們也尋找一些方法來復習他們已學過的知識。1）辨析：lookfor,find與findoutIcan'tfindmypen.I'mlookingforiteverywhere.Theboyfinallyfoundhiswallet.Readthepassage,andfindouttheanswertothisquestion.練習Mum,couldyouhelpme_________mytoycar?Ican't_________itanywhere!A.lookfor;find B.find;lookfor C.look;findout2)review①〔及物動詞〕復習；回顧由“前綴re（又，再）+view（查看）”構成。Weshouldreviewwhatwelearnedasoftenaspossible.②〔名詞〕復習；回顧；評論areviewof...對……的回顧/評論areviewoftheyearareviewofherbookWecangetsomethingnewbyreview.17.Knowledgeesfromquestioning.知識源于質(zhì)疑。1)knowledge〔不可數(shù)名詞〕知識；學問可與of或about連用，表示“……方面的知識”，此時knowledge前可與不定冠詞連用。Knowledgeispower.Hehasawideknowledgeofpaintingandmusic.練習根據(jù)下面句子所給漢語注釋，寫出空缺處單的正確形式。Weneedtoincreaseour___（知識）ofthehistoryofthemunistPartyofChina.2)question①〔動詞〕表示疑問；懷疑；提問，質(zhì)詢questionsb.NoonequestionedwhatIsaid.Don'tquestionheraboutherpast.②可數(shù)名詞〕問題常與ask或answer連用，表示“問”問題或“回答”問題—MayIaskyousomequestions,Tom?—OK.Canyouanswermyquestions?18.Everythingthatyoulearnbeesapartofyouandchangesyou,solearnwiselyandlearnwell.你學到的一切都會成為你的一部分，并且改變你，所以要明智地學，還要好好地學。wisely〔副詞〕明智地；聰明地其形容詞形式是wise（聰明的；有智慧的）。Lifeisagift,souseitwisely.練習Learn_________,andyouwillbeasuccessfullearner.A.wisely B.lazily C.quickly D.blindly19.Areyoustressedouteachtimeyouhaveatest?你每次考試都會緊張嗎？bestressedout緊張；焦慮與benervous同義。Takeiteasy!Don'tbesostressedout.20.Remembertotakenotesinclassandreviewthemonyourownorwithfriendsafterclass.記得要在課堂上記筆記，課后自己或者與朋友一起復習它們。doingsth.remembertodosth.記得要做某事（事情還未做）Remembertotelephonemewhenyouarrivethere.你到那里的時候，記得打給我。rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事（事情已經(jīng)做了）Irememberseeingherinthecity.我記得在這個城市見過她?？键c向?qū)СＴ凇皢雾椞羁铡鳖}中考查remembertodosth.與rememberdoingsth.的用法區(qū)別。2)onone'sown獨自；獨立地相當于alone或byoneself，在句中作狀語。Heislivingonhisownnow.Canyoufinishtheworkonyourown/alone/byyourself?21.Trytostudyandrememberinformationbitbybitinsteadofwaitinguntilthelastminutetostudyeverythingatonce.要努力學習并一點點地記住信息，而不是直到最后一分鐘才同時學習所有東西。辨析：insteadof與instead兩者都有“代替”的意思，但用法不同，具體如下：insteadof介詞短語其后一般可接名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式instead副詞單獨使用，位于句首或句末Shallwehavefishinsteadofmeattoday?IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotapesinsteadofwatchingEnglishmovies.IfMarydoesn'thavetimetolookafterthepatients,Icandoinstead.知識梳理詞形變化ounce(v.發(fā)音）去n后