攻克閱讀理解之議論文論點(diǎn)論述相關(guān)問(wèn)題專項(xiàng)講解與練習(xí)一：常見考題類型文章總論點(diǎn)以及分論點(diǎn)例子/段落作用專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的解釋論述方式問(wèn)題解決類文章中對(duì)于解決方式的考查二：解決【對(duì)應(yīng)常見考題類型】問(wèn)題的拋出往往需要考生尋找文章總論點(diǎn)以及分論點(diǎn)。與總論點(diǎn)有關(guān)的看開頭部分與分論點(diǎn)有關(guān)的看段首以及結(jié)尾部分例子的作用如果出現(xiàn)在開頭，則是引出論點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)找文章論點(diǎn)如果出現(xiàn)在文中，則是論證分論點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)找段落分論點(diǎn)或者能夠概括例子所在段落內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)段落作用觀點(diǎn)論述類文章，是為了論證論點(diǎn)問(wèn)題解決類文章得看具體屬于哪一部分的段落專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的解釋專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋的一般結(jié)構(gòu)【術(shù)語(yǔ)釋義例子】重點(diǎn)看例子講的內(nèi)容與選項(xiàng)哪一內(nèi)容更加匹配，例子更好理解專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)論述方式常見論述方式makeaparison/paringandcontrasting/usingexamples/quotingprofessionals/appealingtoreader’semotions/exaggeration/presentfacts問(wèn)題解決類文章中對(duì)于解決方式的考查解決措施一般出現(xiàn)在文章第二段左右，最后一段一般為總結(jié)。出題類型比較多樣，總結(jié)解決方式、單細(xì)節(jié)、多細(xì)節(jié)、推斷均會(huì)有所涉及。先判斷好文章類型，劃分段落對(duì)于做這種類型的題目來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。1論點(diǎn)考察【示范題目】1.Thewriterofthepassagefeelsdisappointedthat______.【議論文第一道題，絕大部分題型按照順序出題，而議論文開頭部分往往考察論點(diǎn)】【還原題干本質(zhì)】題干提問(wèn)：作者對(duì)？？感到失望。結(jié)合文章類型：解決問(wèn)題類，可得出，該題是在問(wèn)該議論文提出的主要問(wèn)題是什么？【定位題眼出處】解決問(wèn)題類議論文結(jié)構(gòu)：提出問(wèn)題分析問(wèn)題解決措施總結(jié)，故題眼應(yīng)該在開頭。A.toolittle【錯(cuò)誤】hasbeendonetohelppeopletokeepphysicallyfitB.toomuchhasbeendonetohelppeopletokeepphysicallyfit【確實(shí)存在，但不是題干所問(wèn)作者的失望之處】C.mentallyhealthypeoplearenotaspopularasphysicallyhealthypeopleD.physicallyhealthypeoplearenotaspopular【錯(cuò)誤】asmentallyhealthypeopleEveryoneknowsyoumustexerciseregularlytokeepgoodhealth.Indeed,stayingphysicallyfitisabigpartofourculture.Weconsider(orrightlyso)thathealthypeopleareattractivepeople.Sincemostofuswanttobeattractive,thereisnoshortageofexerciseclubs,trainingvideos,magazinesandbooksofferingtohelpusstayphysicallyfit.Unfortunately,however,【轉(zhuǎn)折之處必是重點(diǎn)，也是論點(diǎn)出處最多的地方，不難得出，提出的問(wèn)題應(yīng)該在后一句】ourculturedoesn’tplacethesameemphasis(重視)onmentalfitness.【我們的文化并沒(méi)有很重視心理健康】Althoughwetendtolikemenandwomenwithstrong,healthylookingbodies,wedon’thavethesamedegreeofrespectorattractionforsmart,educated,mentallyhealthypeople.【佐證前面紅字】Thisisapity,【失望之處的細(xì)節(jié)】becausetherearegreatrewardsforpeoplewhohavedevelopedtheabilitytothinkwell.【故選C】2專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋【示范題目】Whatcanwelearnabout“ThePeterPrinciple”?【專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋的考察：專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋的一般結(jié)構(gòu)：術(shù)語(yǔ)釋義例子，將例子與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行匹配，找出最符合文章解釋的選項(xiàng)】A.People’scareersareeasilyspoiledbyunrealisticexpectations.【未提及unrealisticexpectations】B.Therearetosomedegreecertainceilingsinpeople’scareerpaths.C.Inpetentemployeestendtohavemorechancestogainpromotions.【完全不符合文章表達(dá)，雖包含文章重點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵詞但是不符合其意義】】D.Peopledon’tnecessarilygetpromotedbyvirtueoftheirpetence.【完全不符合文章表達(dá)，雖包含文章重點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵詞但是不符合其意義】Thisclimbcanoftenendindisappointment.ThePeterPrinciple,【術(shù)語(yǔ)】developedbyLaurencePeterforabookpublishedin1969,statesthatworkersgetpromoteduntiltheyreachtheirlevelofinpetence.【定義】Itmakesperfectsense.Ifyouaregoodatyourjob,youriseupthecareerladder.Eventually,therewillbeajobyouarenotgoodatandatthatpointyourcareerwillstop.【例子】【劃線部分內(nèi)容均與B項(xiàng)certainceilings對(duì)應(yīng)】3分論點(diǎn)考察【示范題目】WhyisCharlesHandy’snewbook21LettersOnLifeAndItsChallengesmentioned?【還原題干本質(zhì)】：不難得出，該題為分論點(diǎn)的考察。結(jié)合文章類型：觀點(diǎn)論述類，文章結(jié)構(gòu)為：提出論點(diǎn)論點(diǎn)論述（分論點(diǎn)兩個(gè)）總結(jié)。Remember：一切例子均為論述服務(wù)，所以我們解決該題的重點(diǎn)是尋找分論點(diǎn)，分論點(diǎn)存在于段首部分】A.Toputforwardusefulsuggestionsonhowtogetpromoted.【提出建議不是該文章類型下該存在的內(nèi)容，也不符合實(shí)際文章表達(dá)內(nèi)容】B.Toshowhowmanychallengeswefacewithoutgettingpromoted.【誤導(dǎo)項(xiàng)，challenges雖然跟例子有關(guān)，但是跟實(shí)際題干所問(wèn)無(wú)關(guān)】C.Toillustratetheseriousconsequencesofthepursuitofpromotion.D.Toprovetheeconomicsecuritybroughtalongbythepromotion.【表達(dá)的是好的結(jié)果，而文章是不好的結(jié)果】Anotherproblemwithpursuingfrequentpromotionsisthatitturnsyouintoasupplicant,endlesslyinsearchoffavourablefeedbackfromthehigherups.This【作為一個(gè)指示代詞最大的作用就是指代前文，所以如果前面那句話看不懂看這句話就可以了】canleadyoutolosecontrolofyourworklifebalance.InCharlesHandy’snewbook,21LettersOnLifeAndItsChallenges,theexperiencedmanagementtheoristrecallsaninsightwhenworkingforRoyalDutchShell,anoilgiant.“Inexchangeforthepromiseoffinancialsecurityandguaranteedwork,Ihadsoldmytimetopletestrangerswithmypermissionforthemtousethattimefortheirownpurpose,”hewrites.【解題要點(diǎn)】1.熟練判斷議論文類型，會(huì)分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)2.要對(duì)題干進(jìn)行還原，尋找題目所問(wèn)本質(zhì)，更方便文章定位3.選項(xiàng)2選1時(shí)一定要學(xué)會(huì)分析題干和選項(xiàng)而不是盯著文章看意思4.關(guān)鍵詞附近出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、指代、例子、專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)等語(yǔ)句是要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注練習(xí)題A論點(diǎn)考察1.Manyproblemsarementionedinthefirstparagraphto______.A.suggesttheyareimpossibletobesolvedB.introducethecausesoftheseproblemsC.showthewriter’sworryaboutthefutureworldD.showscientistsplayanimportantpartinsolvingthemWhatarethebiggestproblemsthatsocietywillhavetodealwithinthenewage?TherearediseaseslikeAIDSandcancer.There’sclimatechange,ofcourse.Andwhataboutproducingenoughcheapfoodandenergyfortheworld’sgrowingpopulation?Who’sgoingtosolvealltheseterribleproblems?Yes,politiciansandworldleaderswillhaveabigparttoplay.Yes,businesseswillneedtocreatetheeconomicwealthtopayforsomeofthesethings.Butwho’sgoingtomakeamuchgreaterdifferencetosomethinglikeAIDSorclimatechange.It’sgoingtobeascientist.Itisthescientistwhocanturnsomenewbitofscienceintoanewtechnologytosolvetheseproblems.Ifyoulikethinkingabouttheworldaroundyou,whynotbeeascientist.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetowearawhitecoatandplasticglassesandspendallyourtimeinalabasmostpeopleoftenimagine!Scientistsdoallkindsofamazingthingsthatareactuallyinteresting!2.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’smainargument?A.Passivelearningresultsfrompassiveteachinginclass.B.Astudent’sabilityplaysahugeroleinthelearningprocess.C.Ahealthyskepticismfullydependsonstudents’motivationandability.D.Ahealthyskepticismandproperattitudecontributetoeffectivelearning.Theunquestionedroleofastudentistolearnasmuchaspossiblethroughwhatevermeansittakestoacquireknowledge.Teachersandprofessorsarehumanbeingsandarethereforenotperfect.Nooneknowsthecorrectanswertoeveryquestionevenwhenyoulimitthequestionstoacertainfieldofstudy.Havingcertainskepticism(質(zhì)疑)aboutwhattheyarebeingtaughtcanhelpstudentstomaketheteachersevenbetterbycorrectingmistakesandmisinformation.3.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Readingreviewsbeforeshoppingonlineisimportant.B.Havingfewerchoicesmaybenefitusmore.C.Gettingenoughsleepeverydayishelpful.D.Consideringmanyfactorstomakeachoiceisunnecessary.Amazonsells1,161kindsoftoiletbrushes.IknowthisbecauseIrecentlyspentaneveningtryingtochooseoneofthemforthebathroominmynewapartment.Nearlyanhourlater,afterhavingreadcountlesscontradictory(矛盾的)reviewsandconsideringfartoomanychoices,Ifelttiredandsimplygaveup.Thenextday,Ihappilyboughttheonlytoiletbrushthelocaldollarstoreoffered.4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______A.peopledon'tlikedisposablethingsatallB.plasticbagsanddisposablebowlswon'tbeprovidedinpublicC.weshoulduselessplasticthingsandprotectourenvironmentD.hotelswon'tprovidedisposablethingsbecausetheywanttosavemoneyHaveyoueverstayedinahotel?MostChinesehotelsoftenprovideguestswiththingslikedisposable（一次性的）toothbrushes,toothpaste,shampoo(香波)andslippers.Manyguestsliketheideabecausetheydon’thavetobringtheirown.However,ifyoutraveltoBeijing,remembertobringyourownthings.StartingfromJune,somehotelsinBeijingwillnolongerprovideguestswiththesedisposables.Theywanttoaskpeopletouselessdisposablethings.Manydisposablethingsaremadeofplastic(塑料).Peoplethrowthemawayafteronlyusingthemonce.Itisawasteofnaturalresources(資源)andisverybadfortheenvironment.Itisestimated(估計(jì))thatoneChinesepersonmakesasmuchas400kgofwasteayear!Mostofthatwasteesfromdisposablethings.InBeijing,peoplethrowawayabout19,000tonsofplasticbagseveryyear!Plasticcantakebetween100and400yearstobreakdown.Thelessplasticwethrowout,thebetter.So,whereveryoutravel,bringyourownthingsandusethemagainandagain.5.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.ThePromotionSatisfaction B.ThePromotionCurseC.ThePromotionStrategies D.ThePromotionProspectIsyourpromotionnecessary?Manyworkersfocustheirhopesonclimbingthescaleoftheirorganizations.Theprospectofhigherpayhelpsexplaintheirambition,butsodoesthegreaterstatusthateswitheachsuccessive(連續(xù)的)title.…Sothatshinypromotionmaynotbeforeveryone.Bewarethecurseofoverworkanddissatisfaction.Somepeopleliketodevotetheirwholelivestotheirjobandbeatthecentreofevents.Itisbesttoletthemgetonwithit.6.WhatdoestheauthorindicateinthelastsentenceofParagraph1?A.ThePacificislandisaparadise.B.ThePacificislandisworthvisiting.C.Theadvertisementisnotconvincing.D.Theadvertisementisnotimpressive.Onemightexpectthattheevergrowingdemandsofthetouristtradewouldbringnothingbutgoodforthecountriesthatreceivetheholidaymakers.Indeed,arosypictureispaintedforthelongtermfutureoftheholidayindustry.Everymonthseesthebuildingofanewhotelsomewhere.AndeverymonthanotherrockboundPacificislandisadvertisedasthe“l(fā)astparadise(天堂)onearth”.7.Whatisparents’usualresponsetotheirkids’question?A.Offerkidsanswers. B.Praisetheircuriosity.C.Ignoretheirquestions. D.Explorethepuzzletogether.Kidsoftenaskquestionslikethosethatarehardornotpossibletoanswer,andadultstendtorespondwithexplanationsthattrytosolvetheproblem.Itisnaturaltotrytofortakidwhoisfeelingpuzzledbytheworld.Butsimpleexplanationsmaynotbewhatthechildexpectsorwants.Sometimes,kidssimplywanttotalkabouttheirquestionsandthought.8.Inwritingparagraph1,theauthoraimsto______.A.giveanargument B.reachaconclusionC.offerasuggestion D.makeaparisonNowadayseducationisseenasalocalornationalproblem.Foralmosttwentyyears,Ihavealsoworkedtoaddressthehugeinequalitiesinmycountry’seducation.ButasImetthosetryingtoimproveeducationinothercountries,andsawfirsthandthechallengestheyweredealingwith,Ilearnedthatthemarginalized(被邊緣化)childreninIndiaandPeruhadmoreinmonwithmarginalizedchildrenintheUSthanwiththekidswhohavemoreadvantagesintheirowncountries.Educationalinequalityisactuallyaglobalproblem.9.Theauthorofthispassageaimsto______.A.advocatefollowingnewfashionsB.opposedrinkingwithclosefriendsC.encourageindependentthinkingD.adviseseekinghelpfromexpertsTruthissubjective.IfthereisonewordofadviceIwouldleavetomychildrenitwouldbe,you’rebetteroffbeingDIFFERENT.Ifthemajorityofpeoplearedoingsomethingandyouchoosetobeapartofitthenyou’reprobablyonafasttracktoselfdestruction.…Findyourhappiness.Notthetemporarysatisfactionfromsubstancelessmaterialthings.TakeabreakfromconsultingyourmanyFacebookpsychologists.Thinkonyourownforachange.Evaluateyourcurrentstatusandplanforwhereyouwanttobe.10.Inthefirstparagraph,Aristotleistakenasanexampletoshowthat______.A.heisthegreatestandrespectedphilosopherofalltimeB.greatthinkersoftenmakemistakesandthencorrectthemC.advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesD.hugeinfluenceofgreatthinkersmayblockhumanthoughtTolearntothinkistolearntoquestion.Thosewhodon’tquestionnevertrulythinkforthemselves.Thesearesimplerulesthathavegovernedtheadvancementofscienceandhumanthoughtsincethebeginningoftime.Advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesandintroducenewones.Unfortunately,itisoftenthegreatandrespectedthinkerswhoendupslowingtheprogressofhumanthought.Aristotlewasabrilliantphilosopherwhosetheoriesexplainedmuchofthenaturalworld,oftenincorrectly.Hewassoesteemedbythescientificmunitythateven1,200yearsafterhisdeath,scientistswerestilltryingtobuilduponhismistakesratherthancorrectthem!11.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Challengingyourself.B.Questioninggiants.C.Followingrules.D.Predictingfuture.Tolearntothinkistolearntoquestion.Thosewhodon’tquestionnevertrulythinkforthemselves.Thesearesimplerulesthathavegovernedtheadvancementofscienceandhumanthoughtsincethebeginningoftime.Advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesandintroducenewones.Unfortunately,itisoftenthegreatandrespectedthinkerswhoendupslowingtheprogressofhumanthought.Aristotlewasabrilliantphilosopherwhosetheoriesexplainedmuchofthenaturalworld,oftenincorrectly.Hewassoesteemedbythescientificmunitythateven1,200yearsafterhisdeath,scientistswerestilltryingtobuilduponhismistakesratherthancorrectthem!…Questionsaresaidtobethepathtoknowledgeandtruth,andIplantocontinuequestioning.Howmanythingsdoweknowforsuretodaythatwewillquestioninthefuture?Atthismoment,Iknowthatoursunwillburnforanotherfivebillionyears,andIknownothingcanescapethegravityofablackhole.Thisknowledge,however,maychangeinthenext20yearsmaybeeveninthenexttwo.Theonethingwecancontrolnowisouropennesstodiscovery.Questionsarethetoolsofopenminds,andopenmindsarethekeytointellectualadvancement.B分論點(diǎn)考察1.Whyistheauthor’smunicationwithaNigerianentrepreneurmentioned?A.ToshowthevalueofknowingaboutYoruba.B.Toprovethepowerofhavingawiderangeofknowledge.C.Tointroduceeffectivemunicationskills.D.Tosupporthisargumentforlearningbyrote.However,learningbyrote(memorizationbyrepetition)ismoreimportantthanyouthink.Therearemanycasesinwhichhavingknowledgeimmediatelyonthetipofyourtonguecanhavegreatsocialandprofessionalvalue.Forexample,lastnightatanetworkingevent,whenIcasuallyaskedaNigerianentrepreneurhowrichofhisbusinesswasconductedinEnglishversusinhisnativeYoruba,heimmediatelybecamemoreengagedinourconversation.ItwasasifthesimplefactthatIknewthatYorubawasspokeninNigeriawonhistrust,andthereforebuiltupourrelationship.2.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus______.A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.D.Greatnessesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驅(qū)策力)countformuchmorethanambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”3.TheauthormentionsbusinessesinParagraph5inorderto______A.argueagainstfreeuniversityeducationB.callonthemtofinancestudents’studiesC.encouragegraduatestogointobusinessD.showtheircontributiontohighereducationManypeoplebelievethathighereducationshouldbefreebecauseitisgoodfortheeconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì)).Manygraduatesclearlydocontributetonationalwealth,butsodoallthebusinessesthatinvest(投資)andcreatejobs.Ifyoubelievethatthegovernmentshouldpayforhighereducationbecausegraduatesareeconomicallyproductive,youshouldalsobelievethatthegovernmentshouldpaypartofbusinesscosts.Anyonepromisingtocreatejobsshouldreceiveagiftofcapitalfromthegovernmenttoinvest.Therefore,itistheindividual,notthegovernment,whoshouldpayfortheiruniversityeducation.4.Somestudentslikecheatingmainlybecause______A.thematerialinthetestisverydifficultB.theywanttodobetterthantheothersC.cheatingcanmakehardthingsseemveryeasyD.theyhavelittletimetostudytheirlessonsManypeopleliketheactionofcheating.Itmakesdifficultthingsseemeasy,likegettingalltherightanswersonthetest.Butitdoesn'tsolvetheproblemofnotknowingthematerialanditwon'thelponthenexttestunlessthepersoncheatsagain.5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingParagraph4?A.Toexplainhowbicycleregistrationandlicensingwork.B.Toprovidesolutionstoreduceirresponsiblecyclingofkids.C.Torespondtopeople’sdoubtsaboutholdingcyclistsaccountable.D.Toargueagainstrequiringcycliststoregisterandlicensetheirbicycles.Ofcourse,I’veheardargumentsagainstaskingcycliststoregisterandlicensetheirbikes.Somepeoplemightsay,“Littlekidsridebikes.Wouldyourequireasixyearoldridertotakeatestandpayafee?”O(jiān)bviously,thecitycoulddetermineanagewhenbicyclewouldbeconsidereda“meansoftransportationonpublicroads.”O(jiān)therpeoplearguethatbicyclefeesareunfairbecausebikesdon’tdamagetheroadwaysascarsdo.Bicycleregistrationfeescouldbeparativelymodest,andthemethodfordisplayingalicensenumbercouldbesimple.6.What’sthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A.Thereasonswhyweshouldplantmoretrees.B.Wayswecanadopttotakeheatfromvolcanoes.C.Measurestobetakentoforbidtheuseofcoalandoil.D.Thingswecandotostoporreducethegreenhouseeffect.Whatcanwedoaboutthis?First,wecanstopusingsomuchcoalandoil.Wecanlearntousedifferentkindsofenergy:thesun,wind,steamfromvolcanoes,andheatfrominsidetheearth.Second,insteadofcuttingdowntrees,weshouldplantmoretrees.Onetreecanabsorbtenpoundsofcarbondioxideeveryyear.Thetreesaregoodfortheearth’satmosphereandforGuatemala(拉丁美洲國(guó)家危地馬拉).InsmalltownsandvillagesinGuatemala,mostwomenarepoorandhavehardlives.Treeshelptheminthreeways.First,theConnecticutfactoriespaythemtoplantthetrees.Theirpayis,notmoney.Theisgoodfortheirchildren.Second,thesewomenknowalotabouttheirenvironment.Theyknowwheretoplantwhentoplant,andwhatkindsoftreestoplant.Forexample,theyplantmanyfruittrees.Thefruitgivesthemvitaminsfortheirfamilies’sdiets.Othertreesaregoodforfirewood.Inafewyears,thewomenwon’tspendsomuchtimelookingforfirewood.Third,allthesetreesaregoodforthesoil.Nowraincan’twashthesoildownfromthemountainssoeasily.7.TheexampleofNepalisusedtosuggest______.A.itsnaturalresourcesareuntouchedB.itsforestsareexploitedforfarmlandC.itdevelopswellinhealthandeducationD.itsuffersfromtheheavyflowoftouristsThosecountrieswithlittleexperienceoftourismcansuffermost.Inrecentyears,Nepalsetouttoattractforeignvisitorstofunddevelopmentsinhealthandeducation.Itsforests,fullofwildlifeandrareflowers,wereofferedtotouristsasonemoreuntouchedparadise.Infact,thenaturealltoosoonfelttheeffectsofthousandsofholidaymakerstravelingthroughtheforestland.Ancienttracksbecamemajorroutesforthewalkers,withtheconsequentexploitationofprecioustreesandplants.8.Whatdoesparagraph6tellus?A.Thevaccinesarelesseffectivethanexpected.B.TheUShavecontrolledthespreadofthecoronavirus.C.Thedeathtollinthenextsixmonthswillbeabout60,000.D.Fewerpeoplewilldieiftheinfectionrateislower.Thisisfarworsethanthetollinadifferentsituationwherethevaccinewasonly50percenteffectivebuttheU.S.hadreducedtheinfectionratetoitslevelinearlySeptember(about35,000newdailycases).Inthatcase,thedeathtollinthenextsixmonthswouldbekepttoabout60.0009.Whyaremanyworldwidestrategiessetforhealthcareinsteadofeducation?A.Educationalproblemsaremoreplex.B.Educationhasaveryslighteffectonpeople.C.Peoplepaymoreattentiontotheirphysicalhealth.D.Somecountrieshavenotrealizedtheimportanceofeducation.Weknowthataworldwidestrategyisnecessaryforprogressinhealthcare.Theglobalhealthcaresystemisvaluedandsupportedbydonorsandgovernments.Buttherehavebeenfewglobalknowledgesharingeffortsonbehalfofeducation.Only3percentofdevelopmentspendingineducationisgiventoorganizationswhoseworkcouldhelpallnationsparedto21percentinhealth.Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Theeffectsoftreatmentcanbemeasuredquicklyandthisisnotthecasewitheducation.Rather,progressrequireschangingbehaviorovertime.Solutionsmustbeadaptedtolocalcontexts.Andtherearehugegapsindata,suchasglobalreadingandmathachievementscores.Fewerthan50percentoflowinecountrieshavereportedreadingormathsscoresforanygradelevelsince2000.10.“Pantsandskinnyjeans”inPara.2arementionedtoshowthat______.A.it’sapopularwayofdressingB.fittedclothingisfortableC.it’saperspectiveofbeingcoolD.themediaoftenmisleadspeopleOneofthesedisturbingchangesImentionedisthefactthatmyfellowoxygenusersallowthemselvestobefooledsoeasily.It’salmostasifnoonecanthinkontheirownanymore.Welettrendsinfluencehowwedress,talkandinteract.WhereI’mfrom,inthe90’syoucouldn’tbecaughtdeadwithtightpants.Now,acoupleofrapartistwear“skinnyjeans”andit’sokay?NowI’mnotsayingthatthere’sanythingwrongwithwearingfittedclothing,butdoesmediahavetogiveyouagreenlightforeverything?Liveyourlifeforyou.11.Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying“It’squiteanothertousethislanguageliterally.”?A.Petownersdon’trealizetheyareaddressingtheirpetswrongly.B.Callingpets“baby”makesthelinebetweenpeopleandpetsunclear.C.It’snotrighttocallpets“baby”or“child”althoughweareparentingthem.D.Callingpets“baby”or“child”isactuallyawaytoshowourloveforthem.Ofcourse,it’sonethingtousesuchlanguagelightly,asaninnocentexpressionofloveorareflectionofthegreatjoyanddeepbondsthatpets,likechildren,cancreate.It’squiteanothertousethislanguageliterally.C其他考察一解決措施1.Inthepassage,thosecheatersareadvisedto______.A.spendmoretimeonschoolthanonsports.B.findgoodsolutionsinsteadofcheating.C.tryhardtobeintelligentratherthanlazy.D.asktheirclassmatesforgoodmethodsofstudy.Akidwhothinkscheatingistheonlywaytopassatestneedstotalkwiththeteacherandhisorherparentssotheycanfindsomesolutionstogether.Talkingabouttheseproblemsandworkingthemoutwillfeelbetterthancheating.2.Whatsuggestionsdoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?A.Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.B.Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.C.Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.D.Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.Howdowefixthisproblem?Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidencebasedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivefoodtomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentsloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandharmonizingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.3.Whichdoestheauthorthinkisabetterwaytosavelives?A.Improvingtheeffectivenessofthevaccines.B.Producingagreatervarietyofvaccines.C.Lookingatthesituationinapositiveway.D.Wearingmasksandpracticingsocialdistancing.Thereisonepositivewaytolookatthis:Measuresthatreducethevirus’sspreadlikemaskwearing,socialdistancingandrapidresulttestingcanstillhavegreatconsequences.Theycansavemorethan100,000livesiningmonths.4.Howcouldweprotectourprivacyagainstmobileads?A.Byslowingthepacewithsuchtechnologies.B.Byimprovingthewebsitefunctions.C.Bystoppingusingthemobilephones.D.Byreadingarticlesinspecificapps.Onlineadshavenevergotlessannoyingovertime,andyoucanbesurethatmobileadsaregoingtogetmoreannoyingaswell,onceSiliconValleyhasworkedouthowtobetteridentifywhoyouare.Themovetogreaterprivacyprotectionsmighthelpslowthepacewithwhichsuchtechnologiesareadopted.Butthere’snorealistichopethatwebsiteswillactuallyimprovefromhere.Ifyouwanttoavoidthedr