國際金融課程英文版演講人：日期：InternationalFinancialSystemOverviewInternationalTradeandFinanceForeignExchangeMarketsandRatesInternationalBankingOperationsInternationalCapitalMarketsandInvestments目錄01InternationalFinancialSystemOverviewVSInternationalfinancereferstothebranchoffinancialeconomicsthatstudiesthemonetaryinteractionsthatoccurbetweentwoormorecountriesItinvolvestheexchangeofcurrency,themovementofcapital,andthesettlementofinternationaltradeFunctionsThemainfunctionsofinternationalfinanceincludefacilitatingtradeandinvestment,managingforeignexchangerisks,andimprovingliquiditytoglobalmarketsItalsoplaysacriticalroleineconomicdevelopmentandglobalizationDefinitionDefinitionandFunctionsofInternationalFinanceGovernmentsGovernmentsparticipateininternationalfinancialmarketstoraisefundsthroughtheissueofbondsandothersecurities,aswellastomanagetheirforeignexchangereservesCorporationsCorporationsaccessinternationalfinancialmarketstoraisecapitalforexpansion,mergersandacquisitions,andothercorporateactivitiesTheyalsousethesemarketstohedgeagainstforeignexchangerisksParticipantsinInternationalFinancialMarketsFinancialInstitutionsFinancialinstitutionssuchasbanks,insurancecompanies,andinvestmentfundsplayakeyroleininternationalfinanceTheyprovideliquiditytomarkets,facilitatetradeandinvestment,andofferarangeoffinancialproductsandservicesInvestorsInvestorsparticipateininternationalfinancialmarketstodiversifytheirportfolios,seekhigherreturns,andtakeadvantageofinvestmentopportunitiesaroundtheworldParticipantsinInternationalFinancialMarketsTradeFinanceTradefinancereferstothefinancingofinternationaltradetransactionsItinvolvestheprovisionofloansandguaranteestofacilitatetheimportandexportofgoodsandservicesForeignDirectInvestment(FDI)FDIreferstotheinvestmentofcapitalintoaforeigncountryforthepurposeofestablishingorexpandingabusinessoperationItinvolvesthetransferoftechnology,managementknowledge,andotherresourcesTypesofInternationalFinancialTransactionsPortfolioInvestmentPortfolioinvestmentreferstothepurchaseoffinancialassetssuchasstocks,bonds,andmutualfundsinforeigncountriesItallowsinvestorstodiversifytheirportfoliosandseekhigherreturnsForeignExchangeTransactionsForeignexchangetransactionsinvolvethebuyingandsellingofcurrenciesontheforeignexchangemarketThesetransactionsarenecessaryforsettinginternationaltradeandinvestmentdeals,aswellasformanagingforeignexchangerisksTypesofInternationalFinancialTransactions02InternationalTradeandFinanceDefinitionandNatureofInternationalTradeInternationaltradeinvolvestheexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweencountries,whichisacriticalaspectofglobalizationandeconomicdevelopmentTypesofInternationalTradeTherearetwomaintypesofinternationaltrade-importtradeandexporttradeImporttradereferstothepurchaseofgoodsandservicesfromaforeigncountry,whileexportingtradeinvolvesthesaleofgoodsandservicestoaforeigncountryBenefitsofInternationalTradeInternationaltradebringsvariousbenefitstocountries,includingaccesstoawiderangeofgoodsandservices,increasedcompetition,andeconomicgrowthBasicsofInternationalTradeCommonpaymentmethodsininternationaltradeincludewiretransfers,lettersofcredit,andopenaccounttransactionsEachmethodhasitsownadvantagesanddisadvantages,andthechoicedependsonthespecificcircumstancesofthetradeTradeinstrumentsaredocumentsthatfacilitatethepaymentanddeliveryofgoodsininternationaltradeCommontradeinstrumentsincludebillsoflading,invoices,andcertificatesoforiginManagingrisksassociatedwithtradepaymentsiscrucialininternationaltradeThisinvolvesassessingthecreditworthinessoftradingpartners,usingsecurepaymentmethods,andobservingtradeinsuranceifnecessaryPaymentMethodsTradeInstrumentsRiskManagementTradePaymentMethodsandInstrumentsTradeFinancingNeedsInternationaltradeofrequirementssignificantfinancingtosupportthepurchase,transportation,andsaleofgoodsTradefinancingcanbeobtainedfromvarioussources,includingbanks,exportcreditagencies,andfactoringcompaniesTypesofTradeFinancingThereareseveraltypesoftradefinancingavailable,includingpreshipmentfinancing,postshipmentfinancing,andforecastingEachtypeoffinancinghasitsowncharacteristicsandissuitablefordifferentstagesofthetradeprocessRisksandMitigationMeasuresFinancinginternationaltradeinvestmentsriskssuchasdefaultbytradingpartners,currentflows,andpoliticalfacilitiesTomitigatetheserisks,exportersandimporterscanusetradeinsurance,hedgingstrategies,anddiversifytheirtradingpartnersandmarketsFinancingInternationalTrade03ForeignExchangeMarketsandRatesMarketParticipants01Theforeignexchangemarketincludesawiderangeofparticipants,suchascommercialbanks,centralbanks,investmentbanks,hedgefunds,andmultinationalcorporationsMarketOperations02Themarketoperations24hoursaday,fivedaysaweek,withtradingactivitiestakingplacecontinuouslyaroundtheworldTypesofTransactions03Foreignexchangetransactionscanbespottransactions,forwardtransactions,swaptransactions,andoptiontransactionsForeignExchangeMarketStructureCurrencyValuationThevalueofacurrencyisdeterminedbyitsdemandandsupplyintheforeignexchangemarket,aswellasbyeconomicandpoliticalfactorsExchangeRateDeterminationExchangeratesaredeterminedbytherelevantvaluesoftwocurrenciesandareinfluencedbyinterestrates,inflationrates,tradebalances,andgovernmentpoliciesTranslationsinExchangeRatesExchangeratescantranslatesignificantlyduetochangesineconomicconditions,politicalevents,andmarkettimingCurrencyValuationandExchangeRateDeterminationHedgingStrategiesHedgingstrategiesinvolvetheuseoffinancialinstrumentstooffsettheriskofexchangeratefluctuationsDiversifyinginvestmentsacrossmultiplecurrenciescanhelpreducetheimpactofexchangerateriskonaninvestmentportfolioForwardcontractsandoptionsarefinancialderivativesthatcanbeusedtohedgeagainstfutureexchangeratemovementsCurrencyswapsinvolvetheexchangeofprincipalandinterestpaymentsindifferentcurrenciestomanageexchangerateriskCurrencyDiversionForwardContractsandOptionsCurrencySwapsExchangeRateRiskManagement04InternationalBankingOperationsFacilityinternationaltradeandinvestmentInternationalbanksplayacriticalroleinfacilitatingcrossbordertransactionsbyprovidinglettersofcredit,foreignexchangeservices,andinternationalwiretransfersManageforeignexchangeriskTheyhelpclientsmanageforeignexchangeriskthroughcurrencyhedgingandotherfinancialinstrumentsOfferglobalbankingservicesInternationalbanksprovideawiderangeofbankingservicestoclientsaroundtheworld,includingdeposits,loans,andinvestmentproductsPromoteeconomicgrowthByfinancinginfrastructureprojectsandprovidingcapitaltobusinesses,internationalbankscontributetoeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentRoleandFunctionsofInternationalBanksCrossOrderBankingServicesInternationalmoneytransfersTheseservicesallowindividualsandbusinessestosendandreceivemoneyinternationally,boththroughwiretransfersoronlinebankingplatformsCurrencyconversionCrossorderbankingservicestypicallyincludecurrencyconversion,enablingclientstoexchangeonecurrencyforanotheratcompetitiveratesMultipleaccountsSomeinternationalbanksoffermultipleaccounts,whichallowsclientstoholdandmanagemultiplecurrencieswithinasingleaccountInternationalpaymentprocessingThisservicefacilitatestheprocessingofcrossborderpayments,suchascreditcardtransactionsandelectronicfundtransfersRegulatoryFrameworkforInternationalBankingBaselAgreementsTheBaselAgreementsareaseriesofinternationalbankingregulationsthataimtoensurethestabilityoftheinternationalbankingsystembysettingcapitaladequacy,riskmanagement,andliquiditystandardsNationalregulationsInadditiontotheBaselRecords,manycountrieshavetheirownnationalregulationsgoverninginternationalbankingactivitieswithintheirbordersAntimoneylaunderingandcountererrorfinancingInternationalbanksaresubjecttostrictantimoneylaundering(AML)andcountererrorfinancing(CTF)regulations,whichrequirethemtomonitorandreportsuspicioustransactionsSupervisionandenforcementInternationalbankingregulatorsconductregularsupervisionandenforcementactivitiestoensurecompliancewithinternationalbankingstandardsandregulations05InternationalCapitalMarketsandInvestmentsOverviewo