ConfuciusandConfucianism

HuangXiWhoaretheChinese?honestthoughtfulfriendlyhospitablemodest3

AssumethatyouareaskedtomakeanarrangementforaChineseprofessorfromTianjinUniversity.Hewillpayafive-dayvisitintwoAmericanuniversities.Howdoyou

maketheitineraryforhim?4

WhenyoumakeanitineraryfortheChinese,youshouldknowthatcompanionshipisveryimportanttothem.Thedetaileditineraryisquitenecessary.5

Meethimattheairport.Bookanicehotelforhim.Arrangeeachmealandabigdinnerforhim.Invitethedeanofyourschoolorthedirectorofyourdepartmenttotakepartinthedinner.Arrangetripstothefamoustouristresortsaround.Buyanexpensivegiftforhim.Findsomeonetoaccompanyhimeveryday.6

Chinese:Companionship-importantMeetattheairportAnicehotelBigdinnersTripstothefamoustouristresortsAnexpensivegift(Olivia,2011)7

Westerners:

valuetimetobealonedothingsforthemselvesbeuncomfortablewhentheyarealwayssurroundedbypeopleattemptingtobekindliketoexploreanewcultureintheirownway(Olivia,2011)8Inthe5thcenturyB.C.inAthens,agreatthinkerdescribedanidealhumansocietyinabook.03/08/20129

Menliveharmoniouslyandeachpersondoeshisownduty.Thesocietyrunsbyharmonyandorders.HisphilosophyisfoundinTheRepublic(Halversona,1991).10

03/08/201211 about100yearsbeforePlato

attemptedtocreateandfindastatefullofloveandorder.(Ford,2011)

Confucius-aculturalgiantofTheOrientTheAnalects13

TheGreatestSagesintheWorldBuddhaIndia14

MuhammadArabiaTheGreatestSagesintheWorld15AncientJudaism&theRomanEmpire

JesusTheGreatestSagesintheWorld16AncientGreek

SocratesPlatoAristotleTheGreatestSagesintheWorld17AncientChina

TheGreatestSagesintheWorld(Muesse,2010)KungFu-tzu03/08/201218

“Ifmanintendstosurvivein21stcentury,hemustgethelpfromthewisdomenunciatedbyConfucius2500yearsago”(Luo,2010).ExcerptfromtheDeclarationbyNobelPrizewinnersatagatheringinParisin198819OutlineTheLifeofConfuciusThedevelopmentofConfucianismThoughtsofConfucius’Virtues

(Li,2010,p.86-89)仁

(Ren)=Benevolence義

(Yi)

=

Righteousness禮

(Li)

=Correctbehavior孝

(Xiao

)

=FilialPiety

信

(Xin)

=Faith20

TheLifeofConfucius(Beck,2006)Bornin551B.C.,theChina’sWarringStatesPeriod.socialanarchyconstantwarvariouscalamities21

TheLifeofConfuciusmanagerofagranarymanagerofaranchMinisterofPublicConstructionfailureasapolitician22ConfuciusinHisTime Greatsuccessasa(n)China’sfirsteducatorideologistcreatorofConfucianismphilosophertransmitteroftradition23

ConfucianismoriginatedinChina,butitsinfluencespreadtoKorea&Japanoverthecenturies. Confucianismisnotareligion butmoreadoctrinethanbelief(Adler,2008).24I.DevelopmentofConfucianismTheQinDynasty(221B.C.-206B.C.)–China’sfirstimperialdynasty(Taylor,1990) Persecuted

FirstemperorofunifiedChina

-QinShiHuangBurnedthebooksandburiedthescholarsalive

25II.DevelopmentofConfucianism TheHanDynasty(206B.C.–220)-

agoldenage

(Taylor,1990)

Hanpeople&Hancharactersareinexistencetoday.ConfucianismwasfurtherdevelopedbyMencius(372B.C.-289B.C.).Thisledtostateideology.26III.DevelopmentofConfucianismTheTangDynasty(618–907)

-ahighpointinChinesecivilization

(Taylor,1990).

largestpopulationofanyofthedynasties.developednotableinnovations(suchaswoodblockprinting).Chinesepoetryflourished.

27III.DevelopmentofConfucianismTheTangDynasty(618–907)

-ahighpointinChinesecivilizationThreephilosophiescoexistandcompetefordominance.ConfucianismBuddhismTaoism

28IV.DevelopmentofConfucianismThe

NewCulturalMovement(1915)andCulturalRevolution(1966)Scienceanddemocracyarein.Feudalsystemisout.29V.DevelopmentofConfucianismModernChina

(Bell,2006)

BuildingHarmoniousSociety(héxiéshèhuì)200502/09/201230WhatistheHarmoniousSociety?OverallsocietalbalanceandharmonyConservation-orientedsocietyGovernmentaffairsbecometransparentandopen(Geis,2009)31

PeopleNeed WhatisConfucianism?handedict.de02/09/2012LOYALTYHUMANENESSRITUALSFILIEALPIETYConfucianismsustainabilityConfucianismarguedagainstpeoplebeing:destructionSelfishnessImmediateinterestspollutionYinMasculineActiveLightWarmthStrongHeaven

SunFemininePassiveDarknessColdWeakEarth

MoonTheUniverseofOpposites:Balance&HarmonyYang

mor.phe.us02/090/201235

WhatcharacteristicsshouldpeopledemonstratebasedonConfucianism?

(Ivanhoe,2012)36BenevolencePropriety

FilialPiety

Faithfulness

Righteousness

37

Confucius’Virtues仁

(Ren) =Benevolence義

(Yi)

=

Righteousness禮

(Li)

=Propriety孝(Xiao

)

=FilialPiety信

(Xin)

=Faithfulness38Confuciushadasimplemoralandpoliticalteaching(Wilson,2002

)39Benevolencetoloveothers40tohonorone'sparentsFilialPiety41 torulebymoralexampleinsteadofbyforceandviolencePropriety42 todowhatisrightinsteadofwhatisadvantageousRighteousness43topracticereciprocityFaithfulness44Ren（Benevolence）

TheConfuciangoldenrule:

“Donotdotootherswhatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself.”(Freedman,2002)

45“Thisisthesumofduty:donaughtuntootherswhichwouldcauseyoupainifdonetoyou.”--IndianepicMahabharata（Menon,2004）

46

“Allthingswhatsoeveryewouldthatmenshoulddotoyou,doyeevensotothem:forthisisthelawandtheprophets.”--GospelofMatthew,Bible(Harrington,1991)

47Yi（Righteousness）KiichiroToyotafounderoftheToyotaCorp(Zhang&Tang,2008)

“Ifoneisuprightandsetsagoodexample,otherswilltakewithouthisinstructions.”

48Yi（Righteousness）StoriesofRighteousnessWuXun,abeggarwhospendshislifebeggingtobuildfreeschoolsforthepoorchildren…(Pepper,2000).49Li(Propriety)TheFiveConstantRelationships(Lau,1979):parent-childhusband-wifeeldersibling-youngersiblingelderfriend-youngerfriendruler-subject50 InancientChina,whenagirl’sfatherdied,whoseordersheshouldfollow?Herelderbrother51Li(Correctbehavior)Chineseculturalpracticesforentertainingguests

zhaodaibuzhou—pleaseexcusemeforthepoorreception

buyaokeqi,duochidian—pleasehelpyourselfandeatmore.52

EssentialsofGreeting

nichifanlema?

—Haveyouhadthemeal?

mangne?—Youarebusy?

chuqua?—Goingout?

huilaila?–Comingback?

？chulaila?—comeout? beingreleasedfromprisonorpolicestation53

ThePrincipleofBeingModest

nalinali,rangninjianxiaole.

—It’snothing.Pleasedon’tlaughatme.

wobuxing!—I’