2021-4-29?20XX年復(fù)習(xí)資料

教學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料

班級:科目：

考點03閱讀理解說明文

Passagel（2019?南昌縣蓮塘第一中學(xué)高三月考）

Justwhenwethoughtwehadseenallthemagicalthingsthat3Dprintingcan

do,herecomesanother-aworkingartificialleghastransformedthelifeofalittle

Canadianduckling（小鴨）calledDudley,whohadbeenstrugglingtogetbysfter

losingaleg。

ThestorybeganonAugust19th,2013,whenthenewly-bornhealthyDudleyand

hisbrotherwerepIacedinsideachickencoop（籠子）attheK9-1-1AnimaIandRescue

ServicesinSiccimous,BritishColumbiaoWithinafewhours,anaggressivechicken

attackedthetwo,killingDudley'sbrotherandleavinghimwithadisability!

WhileDudleycouldswimwithhissingleleg,hehadahardtimewalkingonthe

firmground.Determinedtohelphim,DougNelson,theowneroftheshelterdecided

toconsultTcrcnccLoring,thefounderofadesignfirmthatamongotherthingsalso

offers31）printingdesigns。

Giventhathehadjustlaunched3pillardesigns,Terencesomewhathesitated

totakeonaducklingashisfirstclient（客戶）。Butassoonashesawbravelittle

Dudleywalkingaroundononeleg,Terenceknewhehadtodosomething.Usinghis

biomedicalengineeringtraining,Terencespentthenextfewweekscreatinga3D

template（模板），afterhefoundouthowducks'legsworkinYouTubevideosabout

ducks.Onceready,hesentthemtoOntario-based3DengineeringfirmProtoSOOO,

whoagreedtoprinttheleg.

Thesecondartificiallegwasmuchstrongerthanthefirstone。Whenthe

artificiallegthatisprintedfromstrongABS,athermoplastic（熱塑性塑料）that

beuomebsufIandmoldablewhenheciledandciltauhedluafouldesignedfiumbofIand

flexiblerobber-likeplastic,wasfittedtoDudley,hiswholemannerchanged。He

waggedhistailandshoweditofftohisbestfriend—apigcalledElsie。

Ofcourse,asDudleyhasbeengrowing,thelegandfoothavehadtobereplaced.

Butthathasn'tbotheredTerencewhocontinuestnimprovethedesign。Thebest

partisthatTerencehasputallthedesignsonhiswebsitesothatanyonewishing

tohelpoutananimalsufferingfromasimilarinjurycandoso,bysimplyhitting

theprintbuttononhis/her3Dprinter!

1.HowdidDudleylosehisleg?

A.Hewasn'twelllookedafter.

B.Helostitinatrafficaccidento

C.Helostitinachickenattack.

D.Hewasbornwithadisability0

2.WhatdoweknowaboutTerenceLoring'sdesignfirm?

A.11isthefirstonetooffer31)printingdesigns。

B.3Dprintingdesignsareonlypartofitsservices.

C.Itsmainclientsareinjuredanimalso

D.ItoftencooperateswithProto3000o

3.WhatdidTerencefirstdotomakeanartificiallegforDudley?

A.ConsultingDudley*sowneraboutthesolution,.

B.Creatinga3DtemplatewiththehelpofProto3000.

C.Beingtrainedinbiomedicalengineering.

D.WatchingYouTubevideosaboutducks.

4.ToTerence*sgreatsatisfaction,。

A.Dudleyhasgotapermanentartificialleg

B.apossiblesolutionhasbeenfoundtohelpsufferinganimals

C.hesucceededinhisfirstattempttomakeDudleyanartificiallog

I),hisdesignhasbecomewidelyknownonline

【答案】

1.C

2.B

3.I)

4.B

【分析】

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹Terence利用3D打印技術(shù)成功地為一只小鴨子做了一條

假肢，讓那些關(guān)心動物的人看到了治療受傷動物的一種可行方法.

1.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Withinafewhours,anaggressivechickenattackedthe

two,killingDudley"sbrotherandleavinghimwithadisability!（幾個小時后，

一只有攻擊性的雞襲擊了他們倆，殺死了Dudley的哥哥，并使它成為殘疾?。笨芍珼udley

和雞關(guān)在一起，受到了雞的攻擊而失去了一條腿，故選C.

2.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第三段wDeterminedtohelphim,DougNelson,theownerofthe

shelterdecidedtoconsultTerencel.oring,thefounderofadesignfirmthatamong

otherthingsalsooffers3Dprintingdesigns。（為了幫助他,該收容所的主人DougNelson

決定咨詢TerenceLoring,后者是一家設(shè)計公司的創(chuàng)始人，該公司也提供3D打印設(shè)計,）”

可知，Terence的公司除了3D打印設(shè)計，還提供其他服務(wù)。故選B。

3.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Usinghisbiomedicalengineeringtraining,Terence

spentthenextfewweekscreatinga3Dtemplate（模板），afterhefoundouthowducks1

legsworkinYouTubevideosaboutducks.（Terence利用他的生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程訓(xùn)練,在

YouTube上關(guān)于鴨子的視頻中發(fā)現(xiàn)鴨子的腿是如何工作的之后，他花了幾周時間創(chuàng)建了一個

3D模板。）”可知,Terence先從YouTube視頻上看鴨子腿的運動原理，然后再利用自己生物

醫(yī)學(xué)工程方面的知識制作出了一個3D模板，故選D“

4.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Th。bestpartisthatTcrcncchasputallthedesigns

onhiswebsitesothatanyonewishingtohelpoutananimalsufferingfromasimilar

injurycandoso?bysimplyhittingtheprintbuttononhis/her3Dprinter!（最

棒的是，Terence把所有的設(shè)計都放在了他的網(wǎng)站上，這樣任何想要幫助遭受類似傷害的動

物的人都可以這樣做，只需點擊他/她的3D打卬機(jī)上的打卬按鈕!）”可推斷，讓Terence

最高興的是，他的這一做法讓那些關(guān)心動物的人看到了治療受傷動物的一種可行方法.故選

B。

Passage2（2020?河北高三月考）

BritainisthesixthfattestcountrywithintheOrganizationforEcoromic

Co-operationandDevelopment（OECD）.Formorethanadecade,severalConservative

primeministershavedeclaredobesityanationalemergencyandpromisedtotake

thoroughaction,onlytoproducedisappointingplansthatfallfarshyofwhatis

requiredo

ItshouldnothavetakenadiseaselikeCovid-19toramhometheawful

consequencesoftheUK'sobesity.Obesity,aswellasitsassociatedconditionsof

diabetesandhighbloodpressure,isstronglyassociatedwithahigherriskofceath

fromCovid-19andwillhaveundoubtedlybeenafactorintheUKhavingthehighest

CoviddeathrateinEurope。

AsthePrimeMinister,BorisJohnson*sexperienceofcatchingthevirusand

beingadmittedtoICUhasreportedlyresultedinacompletechangeinhim,whohas

previouslypridedhimselfonhisdisliketoanover—controllingstate.The

governmentisexpectedtosetoutanewstrategythisweek,aimedatreducingobesity

levelsbothinthenextfewmonths-aheadofapossiblesecondwaveof

infections-andthelongerterm?

Thisapparentchangeiswe]come?butonlyifitresultsinacompletechange

inthegovernment5sapproach,whichdoesn'trelyonpersonalresponsibilitybut

onmuchtougherregulation,aswithtobaccoandalcohol.

Thereisabundantevidenceaboutwhatisneededtocutobesityandinrecent

yearsreportafterreport,includingfromPublicHealthEnglandandtheformerchief

medicalofficer,havecalledforurgentaction。Yetthesecallswereignoredby

Conservativeministerswhohaveseeminglyputthefoodanddrinkindustry's

financialinterestsoverthehealthofthenation.

5.WhathaveConservativeprimeministersdonewithobesityinthepasttenyears?

A.TheyhavedenieditisanationalemergencyoB.Theyhavecalledfor

iminedialeciutiunonit.

C.Theyhavetakenthoroughstepstocontrolit.D.Theyhavemade

unsatisfyingplanstoreduceit。

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ramhome“inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?

A.Makepeoplerathertiredof.B.Makepeoplefullyawareof.

C.Makepeoplehighlyskepticalof.D.Makepeopledeeplyashamedof.

7.WhatwilltheBritishgovernmentprobablydonext?

A.11wi11probablyissueanewstrategytocutobesity<>

B.Itwillprobablylaylessstressonfinancialinterestso

C.Itwillprobablysetstricterlimitsontobaccoandalcoholo

D.ItwillprobablytakeactiontoreduceCovid-19deathrate.

8.What,sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Obesity,anUrgentIssueintheCKB.UK,aCountrySufferingfromCovid-19

C.UK,aCountryReadyforaCompleteChangeI）.Obesity,aCauseofHighest

CovidDeathRate

【答案】

5.D

6.B

7.A

8.A

【分析】

這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了英國如今的肥胖問題已經(jīng)成為了英國急需處理的問題，文

章介紹了英國政府對這一問題所采取的一些措施和取得的成效。

5.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段中“Formorethanadecade,severalConservativeprime

ministershavedeclaredobesityanationalemergencyandpromisedtotakethorough

action,onlytoproducedisappointingplansthatfallfarshyofwhatisrequired。

（十多年來，幾位保守黨首相已宣布肥胖問題為國家緊急情況，并承諾采取徹底行動，結(jié)果

卻出臺了令人失望的計劃，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到所需的目標(biāo)）”可知，在過去十年里，保守黨首相們

制定了不令人滿意的計劃來減少肥胖問題。故選D.

6.

詞義猜測題.根據(jù)畫線詞后文“Obesity,aswe11asitsassociatedconditionsofdiabetes

andhighbloodpressure,isstronglyassociatedvithahigherriskofdeathfrom

Covid-19andwillhaveundoubtedlybeenafactorirtheUKhavingthehighestCovid

deathrateinEurope。（肥胖以及與之相關(guān)的糖尿病和高血壓與Covid—19死亡風(fēng)險較高

密切相關(guān)，而且亳無疑問將在英國成為歐洲CovidT9死亡率最高的一個因素）”以及“the

awfulconsequencesoftheUK'sobesityn可知，作者認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該用CovidT9這樣的疾

病來讓人們充分意識到肥胖的可怕后果，故畫線詞意思為“使人們充分意識到”.故選B.

7.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thegovernmentisexpectedtosetoutanewstrategythis

week,aimedatreducingobesitylevelsbothinthenextfewmonths-aheadofa

possiblesecondwaveofinfcctions-andthelongerterm。（政府預(yù)計將「本周制定一

項新戰(zhàn)略，旨在在未來幾個月一一可能出現(xiàn)第二波感染之前以及更長期內(nèi)降低肥胖水平）”

可推知,英國政府下一步可能會發(fā)布一項減少肥胖的新政策.故選Ao

8.

主旨大意題.根據(jù)第"段中"Britainisthesixthfattestcountrywithinthe

OrganizationforEconomicCo一operationandDevelopment（OECD）。（在經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)

展組織中，英國是第六大把胖國家）”結(jié)合文章主要說明了英國如今的肥胖問題已經(jīng)成為了

英國急需處理的問題，文章介紹了英國政府對這一問題所采取的一些措施和取得的成效?？?/p>

知,A選項“肥胖一英國的一個緊迫問題”最符合文章標(biāo)題，故選A。

Passage3（2020?上海市大同中學(xué)高三期中）

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoung

AmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump*suseofTwitter.Theimplicationisthat

MillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,

notapresidentJssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines。Yetasdistrust

hasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracy。

Suchatrendisbadlyneeded。Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarter

ofwebuoiileiilsharedbyTwilleiusersinthepuliliucillycriticalblaleufMiul.igan

wasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxfordoAndasurveyconductedfor

BuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfrom

themediagiant。

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitainativesareindeedbecomingmoreski11fulat

separatingfactfromfictionincyberspaceoAKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurvey

ofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust"toverity

storiesoTheycross一checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferent

perspectives------especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias（偏向）。“Manyyoung

peopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesand

activelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,vthesurveyconcludedo

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect。A2014surveyconductedin

Australia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Macison

foundthatyoungpeople*srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpolitical

engagements

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimately（密切地）

andimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore—sharenewsasaprojectionoftheir

valuesandinterestsoThisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassing

alonginformationoAsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenby

Americansforthefakenewsphenomenonisareadererror,“moresothanmacc-up

storiesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenews

liesinumisinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnewsMviasocialmedia。In

otherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.

“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteracting（抵制）

thisproblem,“saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup”

Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyreveal

amentaldisciplineinthinkingskills------andintheirchoicesonwhentoshare

onsocialmedia.

9.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAuericanscastdoubtson。

A.thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice

B.peoplespreferencefoisuuialmediciplcilfoiiiib

C.theadministration'sabilitytohandleinformation

D.thereliabilityofsocialmediaasasourceofnews

10.AccordingtotheKnightFoundationsurvey,youngpeople.

A.preferbiasedperspectivesonnews

B.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace

C.checkoutnewsbyreferringtodiverseresources

D.liketoexchangeviewsthrough“distributedtrust”

11.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis________。

A.readers'lackofknowledgeB.journalists'mistakenreporting

C.readers'misinterpretationD.journalists)made-upstories

12.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline

B.ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend

C.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia

D.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalValuesandInterests

【答案】

9.I)

10.C

11.C

12.A

【分析】

這是一篇說明文。文章講述了美國人對社交媒體新聞的可靠性的懷疑以及他們在在線分享新

聞的關(guān)鍵技能方面的提高。

【詳解】

1o細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段"AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethan

two-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitteroThe

implicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefiltered

throughothersource,notapresident*ssocialmediaplatform?！?哈

佛大學(xué)的一項新調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)超過三分之二的美國年輕人不贊成特朗普總統(tǒng)使用推特。這意味

著，千禧一代更喜歡通過其他來源過濾白宮的新聞，而不是通過總統(tǒng)的社交媒體平臺。)和第

二段最后一句"AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebook

usersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromth?mediagiant?！?BuzzFeedNews

進(jìn)行的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),44%的Facebook用戶很少或從不信任這家媒體巨頭的新聞。）可知,很

多美國年輕人懷疑社交媒體作為新聞來源的可靠性。故選D.

2。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句"Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfrom

differentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias（偏向〕.”

（他們會反復(fù)核對消息來源，更喜歡從不同角度來看的新聞--尤其是那些對任何偏見都公

開的新聞.）可知，根據(jù)KnightFoundation的調(diào)查,年輕人通過參考不同的資源來核對新聞。

故選C。

3。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第三句AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreason

givenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonisareadererror,"mor。sothan

made——upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting,（巴納研究集團(tuán)（Barnaresearch

group）的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國人給出的假新聞現(xiàn)象的首要原因是“讀者錯誤”，而不是報道

中的編造故事或事實錯誤，）可知，虛假新聞問題的首要原因是讀者的錯誤解讀。故選C。

4o主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后?段“Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweeting

president,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills-----andintheir

choicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia."（因此，當(dāng)年輕人對過度發(fā)推文的總統(tǒng)提出

批評時，他們揭示了一種思維技巧方面的心理規(guī)律一-以及他們對何時在社交媒體上分享的

選擇.）可知，本文主要是講在線分享新聞的關(guān)鍵技能的提高,A選項最適合作文章標(biāo)題.故

選A.

Passaged（2020?上海市大同中學(xué)高三期中）

Climatechangeiscausedbytheextremelyhighlevelsofdangerouschemicals

intheatmosphere,particularlycarbondioxide（C02）<>Itisestimatedthataverage

globaltemperatureswillrisebetweentwoandsixdegreesbytheendofthiscentury。

WealIknowtheeffectscouldbedisastrous,butareweawareofthepossible

solutions?

Solutionone：_______?_

CrazyasiIsuuiids,agiuupofauademiusfromBritishuniversitiesisnicking

aplantobuilda12-milepipe,heldupbyahugeballoon,thatwouldletenormous

quantitiesofpoisonouschemicals,suchassulphurdioxide（S02）?gointothe

atmosphereoSurprisingly,thereisgoodsciencebehindtheidea.Thechemicals

wouldformaprotectivelayeraroundtheearththatwou1dreflectsunlightandso

cooltheearth,muchliketheeffectsofavolcaniceruption。

Cost:around$10billionayear.

Benefits：thisplanWDU1dproducealmostinstantresults。

Risks:volcanoeshavealmostwipedouthumanityinthepastthroughthepoisonous

chemicalsreleasedintheatmosphere,andthesamethingcouldhappenagainwith

thispiano

Solutiontwo：stiruptheoceans

IntellectualVentures,acompanythatinvestsinprojectstocombatglobal

warming,hasproposedbuildingamillionplastictabes,eachabout100metreslong,

andusingthemtostiruptheoceanoWhy,youmightbewondering,wouldwewant

todothis?Again,theanswerisscientificallyvalid.Thebottomoftheocean

isalmostfreezingandbystirringitup,coldwaterwouldcometothesurfaceand

absorbheatandCO2,andsocooltheplanet.

Cost:tensofmillionsofdollars。

Benefits：thisplanisrelativelycheapandtechnicallypossiblenow<)

Risks:thetubeswoulddisruptandpossiblydestroysealife,andtheplanmaynot

work.

Solutionthree:stopburningfossilfuels

Thisisundoubtedlythebestsolutionbutisitreallyliketohappeninthe

nearfuture?

Cost：unknown,butintheshorttermitwouldprobablyinvolveglobaleconomic

collapse。

Benefits：it'sasimpleandeffectiveplan.

Risks：itmayalreadybetoolale。Withoutrealaction,thisplancouldjustmean

“donothing”。

13.Solutiononeis1110sIlikelytobeo

A.pumpevenmorechemicalsintotheatmosphere

B.formaprotectivelayerwithvolcaniceruptions

C.buildapipetogetridofpoisonouschemicals

I),drawasmuchsun1ightaspossible

14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutsolutiontwo?

A.11needsmorevalidscientificexperiment.,

B.Itaimstocoolthewarmsurfacewaterintheocean。

C.Itmaydoharmtoanimalsandplantslivinginthesea.

D.Itismuchmoreexpensivetocarryoutthansolutionone。

15.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofsolutionthree?

A.Itiseffectivebecauseitwi11benefitworldeconomy.

B.Whetheritwi11cometrueremainstobeseen。

C.Puttingitintopracticemaycostnothing.

D.Actionhasbeentakentocarryitout。

【答案】

13.A

14.C

15.B

【分析】

這是一篇說明文。針對氣候變化這一危機(jī)，文章列出了三個措施并加以說明。

【詳解】

1o細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Solutionone部分第一句"Crazyasitsounds,agroupofacademics

fromBritishuniversitiesismakingaplantobuilda12-milepipe,heldupby

ahugeballoon,thatwouldletenormousquantitiesofpoisonouschemicals,suchas

sulphurdioxide（S02）,gointotheatmosphere."（盡管這聽起來很瘋

狂，一群來自英國大學(xué)的學(xué)者正在計劃建造一條12英里長的管道，由一個巨大的氣球支撐，

這將使大量的有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)，如二氧化硫進(jìn)入大氣。）可知，措施一很有可能將更多的化學(xué)物

質(zhì)排入大氣.故選A.

2。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Solutiontwo部分Risks中的“thetubeswou1ddisruptandpossibly

destroysea1ife,andtheplanmaynotwork.n（這些管道將擾亂甚至可能摧毀海洋

生物，而這一計劃可能行不通。）可知，措施二可能會對海洋中的動物和植物造成危害。故

選C。

3（＞推理判斷題。根據(jù)Solutionthree部分第一句"Thisisundoubtedlythebestsolution

butisitreallyliketohappeninthenearfuture?”（這無疑是最好的解決辦法，

但在不久的將來真的會發(fā)生嗎？）可知，作者認(rèn)為措施三足否會成為現(xiàn)實尚未可知。故選B。

Passgge5（2020?江蘇南京市?南京一中高三月考）

Less,AMinimalistLivingGuide:HowtoDeclutter,Organize,andSimplify

YourLife。

Thankstoatravel-inspiredrevelation（啟發(fā)），Jayhasbeenhappilylivinga

simplerlifefor12years<>“1alwayspackedas1ightlyaspossible,andfoundit

excitingtogetbywithjustasmal1carry-onbag.〃shetoldCNN。"1thoughtif

itfeelsthisgreattotravellightly,howamazingwoulditbetolivethisway?

Iwantedtohavethatsamefeelingoffreedominmyeverydaylife。"

Jaydecidedtogetridofallherexcess（額外的）possessionsandlivewith

justtheessentials（必需品）?！癐wantedtospendmytimeandenergyonexperiences,

ratherthanthings.w

Jayisafollowerofamovementcalled”minimalism（極簡主義）"°Growing

numbersofpeoplehavebeenattractedtothislifestyleallovertheworld.They

sharethesamefeelingofdisappointmentwithmodemlifeandadesiretolivemore

simply.Minimalistsaretypicallyprogressiveandconcernedabouttheenvironment,

LeahWatkins,aleadresearcheratOtagoUniversityinNewZealand,toldStuff

magazineinMarch.

Butmanysimplyexperiencedunhappinesscausedbyowningtoomanypossessionso

Depressionwiththematerialismofourworldisn,tnew.Englishromanticpoet

WilliamWordsworthsummeduphowdispiriting（令人消沉的）thiswasbackin1802,

atthebeginningoftheindustrialage.whenhewrote：”Gettingandspending,

welaywasteourpowers"。Hispreferencewastogobacktonature.Closertoour

uwnlinieb,thehippies（嬉皮_L）ofthe1960salsosoughtLuadiupout*ofmuderii

life。

Andformanyminimalists,theirkeyistounload。Withoutobjects,

they“believepeopleareforcedmoreandmoreintothepresentmomentandthat's

wherelifehappens,“vroteSluff。

Butdoessimplicityeverfeellikeasacrifice（犧牲）？

“It，seliminatingtheexcess—unuseditems,unnecessarypurchases—fromyour

life.Wei1?Imayhavefewerpossessions,butIhavemorespace???Minimalismis

makingroomforwhatmattersmost,“saidJay。

And“therealquestionsw,accordingtoDuaneElgin,USsocialscientist,

are“whatdoyoucareabout?"and“Whatdoyouvalue?*

HetoldCNN："It'simportantforpeopletorealizeminimalismisn,tsimply

theamountofstuffweconsume。It'saboutourfani1ies,ourwork,ourconnection

withthelargerworld,ourspiritualdimension。II'sabouthowwetouchthewho1e

world.It'sawayoflife。"

16.WhatinspiredFrancineJaytoliveasimplelife?

A.Abookshecameacrosso

B.Herdesiretokeepupwithmodemlife。

C.Thepleasuresheenjoyedfromtravelinglightly.

D.Afollowerofminimalismshemetonatrip.

17.AccordingtoLeahWatkins,atypicalminimalisttendsto

a.befedupwithmaterialism

b.likesavingandvisitingnatureoften

c.beangryabouthisorhercurrentlife

d°beenvironmentallyfriendlyandlivewithfewerthings

A.a,bB.a,clC.a,b,cD.b,c,d

18.Theunderlinedword“eliminating“inParagraph8probablymeans___<

A.removingB.distinguishingC.acceptingI),improving

19.WhichofthefollowingwouldDuaneElginprobablyagreewith?

A.Minimalismisahealthylifestylethatisinconflictwithmodemlife.

B.Miiiinicilibiu1imiIspeople,5fieedomloenjoyIheii-livestoLliefullest。

C.Minimalismenablespeopletoreflectonwhattrulycountsintheirlives。

D.Minimalismmeanspeoplehavetosacrificesomepleasuretolivesimply。

【答案】

16.C

17.B

18.A

19.C

【分析】

這是一篇說明文。文章探討了極簡主義思潮，全世界越來越多的人被極簡主義的生活方式所

吸引。極簡主義認(rèn)為，回歸自然，減去生活中不必要的東西，有助于人們變得更快樂。

16.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thankstoatravel—inspiredrevelation,Jayhasbeenhappi1y

livingasimplerlifefor12years?！保ǘ嗵澚艘粋€旅游啟示錄,Jay12年來一直快樂

地過著簡單的生活。）及下文“Ialwayspackedaslightlyaspossible,andfoundit

delightingtogetbywithjustasmallcarryonbag。Ithoughtifitfeelsthisgreat

totravellightly,howamazingwoulditbetolivethisway?Iwantedtohavethat

samefeelingoffreedominmyeverydaylife。"（我總是盡顯輕

裝上陣，只帶一個小提包就過得很愉快.我想如果輕裝上陣感覺這么好，這樣生活會有多奇

妙?我想在我的日常生活中有同樣的自由感。）可知輕松地享受旅行的樂趣激發(fā)了Jay過著簡

樸的生活。故選C項。

17.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theysharethesamefeelingofdisappointmentwithmodem

lifeandadesireto1ivemoresimply。"（他們對現(xiàn)，弋生活有著同樣的失望，渴望過更簡

單的生活。）及^Minimalistsaretypicallyprogressiveandconcernedaboutthe

environment,LeahWatkins,aleadresearcheratOtagoUniversityinNewZealand,

toldStuffmagazineinMarch。"（OtagoUniversity的首席研究員LeahWatkins今年3

月在接受Sluffmagazine的采訪時表示，極簡主義者通常是進(jìn)步的，并且他們關(guān)心環(huán)境。）

可知典型的極簡主義者們對現(xiàn)代生活是失望的，他們的行為對環(huán)境友好，并且他們生活時用

的東西較少。故選B項.

18.

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文中“Imayhavefewerpossessions,butIhavemorespace???

Minimalismismakingroomforwhatmattersmost,“saidJay."（杰伊說:"我可能

擁有的東西少了，但我有更多的空間.。.簡約主義為最重要的東西騰出了空間.”）可以推

知，為了有更多的空間，簡約主義的人會把不必要的東西去掉。所以劃線的詞的意思為“祛

除，移走”，選項A符合文意。故選A項.

19.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"And"therealquestions”,accordingtoDuaneElgin,

USsocialscientist,are“whatdoyoucareabout?”and"Whatdoyouvalue?”（美

國社會科學(xué)家DuaneElgin認(rèn)為，“真正的問題”是“你關(guān)心什么？”和“你看重什么？

”）及最后一段中的"It'simportantforpeopletorealizeminimalismisn'tsimply

theamountofstuffweccnsume<>It'saboutourfamilies,ourwork,ourconnection

withthelargerworld,ourspiritualdimension。"（人們必須認(rèn)識到極簡主義不僅僅

是我們消費的東西的數(shù)量，它關(guān)乎我們的家庭，我們的工作，我們與更廣闊世界的聯(lián)系，我

們的精神層面。）可以推理得知DuaneElgin認(rèn)為極簡主義使人們能夠反思他們生活中真正

重要的東西。故選C項.

Passage6（2020?江蘇南京市-南京一中高三月考）

WhenIwas16yearsoldandinfostercare（非親代養(yǎng)）inTennessee,people

toldmeIwasunadoptable.ButIdesperatelywantedafamily.Isoughtthehelpof

ajudge,eventhecommissioneroftheDepartmentnfChildren,sServicesandwas

adoptedjustaweekbeforemy18thbirthday.

Wehavealottobegratefulforandthisholidayseason.Let'snotforgetabout

themorethan415000youthinfostercareespeciallyolderyouth.Theseyouthare

themostlikelytogeteverlookedforadoptionbuttheyshouldn*tbe.Theyneedand

deserveafamilyjustasmuchasyoungchildrench.Makinganolderyouthapart

o