PAGE1專題03定語從句之關系代詞的用法內容早知道?第一層鞏固提升練考點一關系代詞的基本用法考點二關系代詞的特定用法?第二層能力培優(yōu)練?第三層拓展突破練?第四層高考真題練關系代詞的基本用法【知識積累·練前熱身】【知識積累·練前熱身】定語從句是歷年高考的重點，主要考查常見關系代詞和關系副詞的用法，比如which/that/who/whose/when/where的用法及區(qū)別性的選擇等，及與其他從句如名詞性從句的區(qū)別等。1.概念定語從句：在主從復合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞后面。（1）先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。（2）關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，分為關系代詞和關系副詞。（3）關系詞的作用：A.

引導定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當于一個連詞；B.

指代先行詞；C.

必在從句中作某個句子成份。2.分類（1）限制性定語從句：對先行詞起限定修飾作用。Heisateacher

who

worksatourschool.（2）非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補充說明作用(先行詞與定語從句之間有逗號隔開)Beijing,

which

isthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcitywithalonghistory.3.關系代詞關系詞指代人或物充當的成分是否可省略關系代詞that人或物主語、賓語、表語作賓語可省which物或主句內容主語、賓語作賓語可省who人主語、賓語作賓語可省whom人賓語可省whose人或物定語不可省as人或物主語、賓語、表語不可省1．Theclub________membersaremusicfansmeetintheschoolgardeneverySaturday.2．Onsocialmediasites,peopletendtopostonlygoodupdates______willmakethemappearhappyandfriendly.3．Thetwopupils_________youtaughtthreeyearsagohavebecometractordrivers.4．Thedogswerewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.5．Wewerefrightenedandevenshockedbythenews________hebroughtus.6．IamgoingtomeetTom___________theysayisagoodboy.7．Thecitywasattackedbysuchterribleweather

fewcitizenshadeverexperiencedbefore.8．Thereisalakenearourschoolyard________depthisbeyondyourexpectation.9．QuanHongchanisanoutstandingathlete________wasawardedMayFourthMedal.10．Running

Man,issuchfunnyrealityshow

hasthegravitytopullyouinfrontofyourtelevision.關系代詞的特定用法【知識積累·練前熱身】【知識積累·練前熱身】1.只用that做關系代詞（1）當先行詞是anything,everything,nothing,something,none,all,theone等不定代詞時，或當先行詞受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代詞修飾時；Telluseverythingthatyouknow,please.請告訴我你知道的事。I’vereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.我已經讀了你給我的所有的書。（2）當先行詞被序數詞、形容詞最高級、theonly、thevery、thelast、thesame等修飾時；ThisisthelongestbridgethatIhaveeverseen.這是我看到過的最長的橋。

ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在倫敦他們參觀的第一個地方是大本鐘。Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.這是我們現在惟一能做的事情。（3）先行詞既包括人又包括物。Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.他談論他曾經拜訪過的老師和學校。（4）當先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時，為避免重復，用that。Whoisthemanthatcamethismorning?誰是今天早上來的人？

WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?最適合我的T恤是那件？2.只用which做關系代詞（1）引導非限定性定語從句時，先行詞指物或整個句子，只用which而不用that。Thefish,whichIboughtthismorning,isveryfresh.我今天早上買的魚很新鮮。（2）在限定性定語從句中，關系代詞前有介詞時，形成“介詞＋關系代詞”結構，只用which而不用that。IwasputinapositioninwhichIhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.我被置于一個要被迫接受低人一等現實的境地。（3）在限定性定語從句中，如果有兩個定語從句，為避免重復，其中一句的關系詞是that，那么另一句的關系詞就需用whichLetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopen.讓我給你如果有看看我從新開放的圖書館借來的小說。3.只用who做關系代詞（1）當定語從句的先行詞是one,ones,anyone,those等指人的不定代詞，只能用who引導。Anyonewhodoesthatmustbemad.那樣做的人一定是瘋了。（1）在therebe結構中，先行詞是人時，且作主語，只用who。Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.有一個年輕人相見你。（2）為了避免重復或引起歧義，有兩個定語從句時，一個用that，另一個用who。ThemanthatspokeatthemeetingisournewheadmasterwhohasjustcomefromShanghai.

那個在會上講話的人是我們的新校長，他來自上海。（3）當先行詞是I,you,he,they時（常用于諺語之中），只用who。Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburned.玩火自焚。

1．Whateverourhobbies,theInternetcanconnectuswiththose________alsoenjoydoingthem,eveniftheyliveontheothersideoftheworld.2．Shewoulddoanything______couldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.3．Ihavefoundtheveryshop__________haseverythingweneed.4．Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________herememberedintheschool.5．Thisisthebestfactory________producesfamousbikes.6．Later,shestudiedChinesemedicinewithexpertsinthefieldfrom

shegainedadeepknowledgeabouttraditonalpractices.7.Theteacherwassatisfiedwithallthehomework____hadbeenfinishedbyus.8．Guilinisoneofthemostbeautifulcities________Ihaveevervisited.9．AccordingtoastudyattheUniversityofIowanamedInoneearandouttheother,agroupofstudentsparticipatedintwoexperimentsin________theylistenedtosounds,lookedatimagesandheldobjects.10．Aneagleflewoverthesnow-capedmountains,_________werereflectedinthestilllakebelow.一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWhenyouarechoosingacollege,alotoffactorswillprobablyplayintoyourdecision:theschool’sreputation,theclassesofferedandtheprofessorinyourmajor,tonameafew.However,giventheever-increasingcompetitivenessofuniversitiestoattractmoreandmoreapplicants,manyschoolsnowofferextrabenefitstobeenjoyedbyalltheirstudents.Herearesomeofthefun“extras”offeredbytheschool.MichiganTechnologicalUniversityTakingadvantageofthecoldwinterweather,MichiganTechnologicalUniversitysetsitselfapartwithitson-campusskiresort,MontRipley,whichisaccessibleandfreeforallstudents.Insteadofhittingthecampusgym,you'llbeabletogetyourexerciseoutsideontheslopes.Whenthepressureofschoolbecometoomuch,justheadoutforadayoffreeskiingandyou'llbeleftfeelingfullyrefreshed.UniversityofMissouriAttheUniversityofMissouri,youcanenjoyoneofthebestcampusrecreationalcentersinthecountry.Itfeaturesan“indoorbeach"completewithawaterfallandalazyriver,aswellasaninexpensivefull-servicespa.Evenifyoudon'tenjoyworkingout,Missouri'srecreationalcenterwillgiveyouareasontogotothegym.NewYorkUniversityIfyou'reafanofmuseum,NYUistheperfectuniversityforyou.Notonlywillyoubelocatedintheheartofacityfeaturingsomeofthebestmuseumsintheworld,buttheuniversitywillprovideyouwithaccesstomanyofthem.Youcantakeadvantageofvisitingmuseumsanytimeyouwant—whichmeansyou'llneverbeboredontheweekends.HighPointUniversityIfyouseeyourselfquicklytiredofdining-hallfood—somethingthathappenstoalmostallofus—HighPointUniversityhasagreatoption:aprivatesteakhouseforstudents.Besidesthecheapsteaks,thecampusalsooffersicecreamfromacampusice-creamtruck,amovietheaterandashoppingcenter.1.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Thegeneralpublic. B.Collegefreshmen.C.Educationalexperts. D.Highschoolstudents.2.Whichuniversitycanofferstudentsfreeservice?A.MichiganTechnologicalUniversity. B.UniversityofMissouri.C.NewYorkUniversity. D.HighPointUniversity.3.Whydotheseuniversitiesoffersuchfun“extras”?A.Tomakethecampuslifemorecolorful. B.Todrawmorestudents’interestinschools.C.Toimprovestudents’academicperformance. D.Topromotethecooperationamonguniversities.BFromthedayapersonopenshisorhereyeinthisworldtothepointwhensuccesssurroundsthem,curiosityissomethingthatneverleavestheirsides.Itstayswiththemandinstills(灌輸)inthemasenseofexploration;itpushesthemtotakerisks,anduncoverthehiddenmystery.Itisapowerfulqualityasithelpspeopledevelopanunderstandingofdifferentaspectsoftheworld.Manyparentsgetannoyedwhentheirchildrenasktoomanyquestions.Theydonotrealizethatbynotresponding(回應)tothequestionsandcuriosityoftheselittleones,itmighttakeawaytheirchancestolearnnewthings.Learningiseveryindividual’sright,andnoonecantakeawayone’seagernesstoexplore,discover,andlearnnewthings.TheformerpresidentoftheUnitedStates,Roosevelt,oncesaid,“Ithink,atachild’sbirthifamothercouldaskafairygodmothertogiveitthemostusefulgift,thatgiftwouldbecuriosity.”Ifachildaskstoomanyquestionsoutofcuriosity,parentsmustanswerthequestionswithpatience.Thewaytheyrespondwilldetermine(決定)whetherachildgrowsuptobeasmartlearnerandanexplorerornot.Whilesomeparentstakethesematterslightly,therearesomewhoattendtotheneedsoftheiryoungones’hungertolearnsmartly.Regina,alifecoachandpublicspeaker,insteadoflosinghercalmonherdaughter’snaturetofrequentlyquestioneverything,shetriedtorespondtoherdaughterwithloveandaffection(關愛).Notonlydidsheanswerallherdaughter’squestions,butshestartedthinkingofothercuriouskidsouttherewhowereeagertodiscoverthehiddensecretsofthisworld.4.Whatwillhappenifchildrengetnoresponsetotheirquestions?A.They’llbelesspatient.B.They’lllearnmoresmartly.C.They’lllikelytakeadventures.D.They’llloseopportunitiestolearnnewthings.5.WhydoestheauthormentionPresidentRoosevelt’swords?A.Toshowchildrenaregifted.B.Tostatepatienceisnecessary.C.Tostresscuriosityisimportant.D.Tosuggestparentsbeunderstanding.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“attendto”inParagraph4mean?A.Takecareof B.GivewaytoC.Gettiredof D.Makeuseof7.Whatwillbemostprobablytalkedaboutinthefollowingpartofthepassage?A.Reginabecamealifecoach B.Reginaexplorednewthings.C.Reginahelpedothercuriouskids. D.Reginaansweredherdaughter’squestions.二、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的A、B、C、D三個選項中選出能填入相應空白處的最佳選項。Thecoronaviruspandemic(冠狀病毒流行)influencingourworldhasshownusthatkindnessismoreimportantthanbefore.It’salsotaughtussome____1____lessonsaboutresponsibilityandgenerosity.Davidisonly13yearsold,buthe’salreadyspentthepastsevenyearsofhislife____2____hiscommunity.Sincethedeadlycoronavirus____3____inhiscity,he’sbeengettingover5,000masks,food,clothingand____4____forothers.Theteen’sdeterminationtodogoodforotherscomesfrombeingsupportedinsome____5____ofhisown:Davidwasbornwitharmsthataredifferentfrommostothers.____6____hisdisability,hisfamilyhasbeenencouraginghimallthewayinhis____7____efforts,andhehasbeencollecting____8____forpeopleinneedsincetheageofsix.When____9____howlongheplannedtokeephelpingothers,hesaid,“Probablythe_____10_____ofmylife.”O(jiān)nceDavidhelpedfindahotelfora_____11_____oldmantostayin,theoldmanonlyhadonesentenceto_____12_____hisnewfriend.“He’sanangel,”hesaid_____13_____.Kindnessislikespreadinghugsaroundtheworldtothosewhoneedit.The_____14_____couldbesomethingsmall,buteventually,makea_____15_____differencetothepersonreceivingit.1.A.previous B.personal C.worthwhile D.virtual2.A.establishing B.serving C.observingD.advertising3.A.slowdown B.falldown C.gooutD.brokeout4.A.albums B.details C.awards D.shelters5.A.challenges B.defences C.mistakes D.crashes6.A.Ratherthan B.Despite C.Accordingto D.Besides7.A.selfless B.special C.legal D.extra8.A.stamps B.evidence C.data D.supplies9.A.greeted B.told C.askedD.reminded10.A.beginning B.rest C.end D.middle11.A.kind B.powerful C.homeless D.calm12.A.impress B.describe C.attract D.admire13.A.professionally B.eagerly C.thankfullyD.gracefully14.A.chances B.plans C.losses D.acts15.A.great B.little C.creative D.limited一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAgehasneverbeenaproblemforThessalonikaArzu-Embry.Afterall,she’salreadygothermaster’sdegree.TheNorthChicago-areagirlstartedhomeschoolingattheageof4.Shebeganhavinganinfluenceonotherssoonafter.Whenshewas6yearsold,shewasaninspirational(鼓舞人心的)speakeratanorganizationcalledTabithaHouseCommunityService,ashelterforpeoplewhowereforcedtoleavetheirhomesduetothesituationssuchasearthquakes,floodandothernaturaldisasters.Attheageof11,sheShecompletedthoseclassesShedoesn’tstopthere,though.Thegirlplanstofocusonaviationpsychology(航空心理學)forherfurtherstudy,adecisioninspiredbyherfatherwhoisapilot.Shegrewuparoundairplanesandtookflightsallthetime.Hergoalistouseittodeterminewhetherpilotsaredealingwithproblemsthatcouldhavedeadlyresultsoncetheplanetakesoff—atopicthathasbeeninthenewslately.Forher,it’samixoftwoofherinterests.Inherfreetime,Thessalonikaenjoysplayingtennis,swimmingandbeingactiveinheryouthgroup.Shealsohasthreeself-publishedbooks,whichareonhersite.JumptheEducationBarrieriswrittentohelpstudentsfinishcollege,andIntheFutureaimstohelpbusinessownersdealwithtrends.HerthirdbookTheGeniusRacehasawiderappeal.Itisdesignedtohelppeopletobegeniusesinvariousareasoflife.1.WhatcanweknowaboutThessalonikafromthepassage?A.Shemajoredinscienceandtechnology.B.Shegainedhermaster’sdegreeattheageof11.C.Shestartedhomeschoolingwhenshewas6yearsold.D.Shegotherbachelor’sdegreethroughonlinecourses.2.WhatisThessalonika’snextplanaccordingtothepassage?A.Majoringinaviationpsychology.B.Beingactiveinheryouthgroup.C.Makinginspiringspeechesforleadershipmeetings.D.Writinganotherbooktohelppeopletobegeniuses.3.WhydoesThessalonikawritethebookJumptheEducationBarrier?A.Tohelppeopletobesuccessful.B.Toraiseconcernaboutpsychology.C.Toshareherownexperiencewithothers.D.Togivestudentsahandtocompletecollege.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Homeschooling B.ToBeaGeniusC.ThreePublishedBooks D.TheStoryofThessalonikaBDuetosocialeventsinrecentyears,therelationshipbetweensocialmediaandteenagersmentalhealthhasbeenunderheateddiscussion.OnSept30aBritishcourtdecidedthatcontentonsocialmediaplatformscontributedtothedepressionof14-year-oldMollyRussell.Russellinteractedwith2,100postsrelatedtopessimistic,self-harminthesixmonths,leadinguptoherdepression,reportedtheObserverwebsite.Thecorrelationhasalsobeenprovedbyscience.Astudyin2019showedthatthefrequentuseofsocialmediabyteenagerscanleadtoadecreaseintheirmentalhealth.So,howcanwemakesurethatteenagerswon’tgethurtwhileusingsocialmedia?Chan,18,fromtheUniversityofMacaosharedherexperience.Chansaidthatsheoncecameacrossshortvideosromanticizingmentalillnessessuchasdepressionandanxiety.Sheimmediatelyreportedthemtotheplatform.Butshesaidthattheusers’powertoregulatevideosisstilllimited.“Itisultimatelytheresponsibilityofthesocialmediaplatformstofilteroutcontentthatispotentiallyharmful.”Shealsonoticedthattheageofsocialmediausershasbecomeincreasinglyyounger.Societyshouldpayattentiontothis,shesaid.“Sinceit’snotpossibletocutoffaccesstosocialmediaforyoungerusers,whynotintroducea‘supervisionmode’withwhichparentscanregulatethecontenttobeviewedbyteenagersbeforehand?”shesaid.WuChengyu,18,studiesatTianjinExperimentalHighSchool.Hesaidthatseveralyearsagohecameacrossagamethatluresteenagerstoself-abuseanddepression.Hequicklychosetoignoreitsohewouldn’tbeinfluenced.Thisisthesamewayhereactswhenexposedtonegativecontentonsocialmedia.InWu’sopinion,teenagerstodayshouldimprovetheirsocialmedialiteracy(素養(yǎng)),tellingrealfromfakeandgoodfrombad.“Also,everyonecanbeacontentcreatoronsocialmedia.”hesaid,“Weshouldallstrengthenourawarenessofethics”.5.WhatledtoRussell’sdepressionaccordingtoaBritishcourt?A.Herinteractionwithothersonline.B.Negativeinformationonsocialmediaplatforms.C.ShortvideosshewatchedontheInternet.D.Heraddictiontoonlineposts.6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesChanprobablyagreewith?A.ThenumberofyoungerSocialmediausersshouldbelimited.B.Parentsshouldmonitorthecontenttobeviewedbyteenagersinadvance.C.Asupervisionmodeoughttobeintroducedbyparents.D.Itistheresponsibilityofthesocietytoromanticizementalillnesses.7.WhoshouldbeultimatelyresponsibleforremovingnegativecontentaccordingtoChan?A.Parents. B.InternetusersC.Contentcreators. D.Socialmediaplatforms.8.WhatdoesWusuggestteenagersshoulddo?A.Usesocialmediawisely. B.Reducesocialmediausage.C.Stayawayfromonlinegames. D.Learnmoreaboutsocialmedia.二、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空格處填入一個適當的詞或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。BeijingCentralAxis(北京中軸線)

was

written

ontheUNESCOWorldHeritage

(世界文化遺產)

ListonJuly27,

____1____

marksChina’s59thWorldHeritageSite.

Itisthe

amazing

placeofinterest,

made____2____of15

landmarks,withtheBellandDrumTowersatitsnorthernendandYongdingmenGateatthesouthernend,___3___runsthroughtheheartoftheoldcityofBeijing.

World-famous

_____4_____

(site)

liketheForbiddenCity(紫禁城)

andtheTian’anmenSquarearealongtheAxis,andtheTempleofHeaven

andtheAltarofAgriculture(先農壇)____5____

(locate)ontheeastandwestsidesoftheAxis.BeijingCentralAxisis

____6____

(true)an

magnetic

attraction

showingthewisdomandcreativityofancientChinese

designers.Yearsofefforts

makeit

____7____

unique

mixture

ofhistory,cultureandarchitecture.Itwitnesses

the

perfect

orderofcapitalcitiesthat

____8____(influence)

thebuildingsoftraditionalChinesecitiesformorethantwothousandsyears.“China

will

continuemakingefforts___9___(protect)

heritagebuildings,encouragepublicparticipation,and

strategicallymake____10____(arrange).”

LifromtheNationalCulturalHeritageAdministration

said

onSaturday.一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AChoiceofWalksforBeginnerandExperiencedWalkers（2024新課標=2\*ROMANII卷）TheCarlowAutumnWalkingFestivalisagreatopportunityforthebeginner,experiencedoradvancedwalkertoenjoythechallengesofCarlow’smountainhikesorthepeaceofitswoodlandwalks.Walk1—TheNaturalWorldWithenvironmentalistéannaLamhnaastheguide,thiswalkpromisestobeaninformativetour.WalkersaresuretolearnlotsaboutthehabitatsandnaturalworldoftheBlackstairs.DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at09:00StartPoint:ScratoesBridgeWalkDuration:6hoursWalk2—IntroductiontoHillwalkingEmmanuelChappard,anexperiencedguide,hasapassionformakingthegreatoutdoorsaccessibletoall.Thismountainwalkprovidesaninsightintotheskillsrequiredforhillwalkingtoensureyougetthemostfromfuturewalkingtrips.DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at09:00StartPoint:DeerparkCarParkWalkDuration:5hoursWalk3—MoonlightUndertheStarsWalkingatnight-timeisagreatwaytostepoutofyourcomfortzone.BreathtakingviewsofthelowlandsofCarlowcanbeenjoyedinthepresenceofwelcomingguidesfromlocalwalkingclubs.Atorch(手電筒)alongwithsuitableclothingisessentialforwalkinginthedark.Thosewhoaredressedinappropriatelywillberefusedpermissiontoparticipate.DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at18:30StartPoint:TheTownHallWalkDuration:3hoursWalk4—PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForestThisinformativewalkledbyRichardSmythintroducesyoutothebasicprinciplesofphotographyinthewild.Bringalongyourcameraandenjoythewonderfulviewsalongthiswell-surfacedforestpath.DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at11:45StartPoint:KilbrannishForestRecreationAreaWalkDuration:1.5hours1.Whichwalktakestheshortesttime?A.TheNaturalWorld. B.IntroductiontoHillwalking.C.MoonlightUndertheStars. D.PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForest.2.WhatareparticipantsinWalk3requiredtodo?A.Wearproperclothes. B.Joinawalkingclub.C.Getspecialpermits. D.Bringasurvivalguide.3.Whatdothefourwalkshaveincommon?A.Theyinvolvedifficultclimbing. B.Theyareforexperiencedwalkers.C.Theysharethesamestartpoint. D.Theyarescheduledfortheweekend.B（2024新課標=2\*ROMANII卷）Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes,weallhaveourphones,butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.Well,there’sakiosk(小亭)forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea,atleast.“Youenterthefaregates(檢票口)andyou’llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,orafive-minutestory,”saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit—knownasBART.“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.”It’sthatsimple.Ridershaveprintednearly20,000shortstoriesandpoemssincetheprogramwaslaunchedlastMarch.Someareclassicshortstories,andsomeareneworiginalworks.Trostalsowantstointroducelocalwriterstolocalriders.“WewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest,”Trostsays.“Andasofrightnow,we’vereceivedabout120submissions.Thewinningstorieswouldgointoourkioskandthenyouwouldbeapublishedartist.”Ridershipontransit(交通)systemsacrossthecountryhasbeendownthepasthalfcentury,socouldshortstoriessavetransit?Trostthinksso.“Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrightnowaredoingeverythingtheycantoimprovetheriderexperience.SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories,”shesays.Andyou’llneverbewithoutsomethingtoread.4.WhydidBARTstartthekioskprogram?A.Topromotethelocalculture. B.Todiscouragephoneuse.C.Tomeetpassengers’needs. D.Toreduceitsrunningcosts.5.Howarethestoriescategorizedinthekiosk?A.Bypopularity. B.Bylength.C.Byth