2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解沖刺試卷文章主旨提煉考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______閱讀理解directions:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyfivequestions.Choosethebestanswer(A,B,C,D)foreachquestion.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneIntherealmofartificialintelligence(AI),therapidpaceofdevelopmenthasbeennothingshortofbreathtakinginrecentyears.Fromadvancedimagerecognitionsystemsthatcanidentifyobjectswithhuman-likeaccuracytonaturallanguageprocessingalgorithmscapableofgeneratingcoherentessays,thecapabilitiesofAIseemtobeexpandingbytheday.Thistechnologicalsurgeisdrivenbyaconfluenceoffactors,includingtheexponentialgrowthofcomputingpower,thevastamountsofdatageneratedbyhumanactivity,andbreakthroughsinmachinelearningalgorithms.However,thisprogressisnotwithoutitschallenges.TheincreasingsophisticationofAIsystemsraisesconcernsaboutjobdisplacement,ethicalimplications,andthepotentialformisuse.Whilesomeviewthesechallengesasinsurmountableroadblocks,othersarguethatwithcarefulplanningandethicalframeworks,AIcanbeharnessedtobenefitsociety.ThefutureofAI,therefore,hingesnotjustontechnologicalinnovation,butalsoonourabilitytonavigatethesecomplexethicalandsocialdimensions.1.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthefactorscontributingtotherapiddevelopmentofAI?3.WhatisthemainconcernraisedbytheincreasingsophisticationofAIsystems?4.Whatistheauthor'sviewonthefutureofAI?5.Theword"confluence"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:PassageTwoTherapidaccelerationofurbanizationworldwidehasbroughtbothsignificanteconomicopportunitiesandprofoundsocialchallenges.Ononehand,citiesserveashubsofinnovation,commerce,andculturalexchange,attractingpeopleinsearchofbetterlivelihoodsandahigherqualityoflife.Theconcentrationofbusinessesandindustriesinurbanareasfosterseconomicgrowthandcreatesjobs.Ontheotherhand,theinfluxofpeopleintocitieshasputastrainoninfrastructure,housing,andpublicservices.Issuessuchasincomeinequality,pollution,andcrimehavebecomemorepronouncedinurbanenvironments.Moreover,thepressureonresourcessuchaswaterandenergyhasincreased,leadingtoconcernsaboutsustainability.Addressingthesechallengesrequiresamultifacetedapproach,includinginvestmentsinaffordablehousing,sustainabletransportationsystems,andgreenspaces.Urbanplannersandpolicymakersmustcollaboratetocreatecitiesthatarebotheconomicallyvibrantandsociallyequitable.6.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?7.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthebenefitsofurbanization?8.Whataresomeofthesocialchallengesassociatedwithurbanization?9.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestarenecessarytoaddressthechallengesofurbanization?10.Theword"influx"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:PassageThreeCulturaldiversityisafundamentalaspectofhumansociety,enrichingourexperiencesandfosteringinnovation.Everyculturepossessesuniquetraditions,values,andperspectivesthatcontributetothetapestryofhumancivilization.Inaglobalizedworld,whereinteractionbetweendifferentculturesisincreasinglycommon,theimportanceofculturaldiversitycannotbeoverstated.Itpromotesmutualunderstanding,tolerance,andrespectamongpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.Moreover,culturaldiversityservesasacatalystforcreativityandinnovation,asitencouragestheexchangeofideasandtheblendingofdifferentperspectives.However,thepreservationofculturaldiversityisnotwithoutitschallenges.globalizationandthedominanceofcertainculturescanleadtotheerosionofsmaller,lessdominantcultures.Itis,therefore,imperativethatweactivelyworktoprotectandpromoteculturaldiversity,ensuringthattherichtapestryofhumanculturecontinuestothrive.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,howdoesculturaldiversitybenefitsociety?13.Whatisoneofthechallengestoculturaldiversitymentionedinthepassage?14.Whatistheauthor'smainargumentregardingculturaldiversity?15.Theword"eradication"inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:PassageFourEducationhasalwaysbeenacornerstoneofhumanprogress,servingasthemeansthroughwhichknowledgeistransmittedfromonegenerationtothenext.Throughouthistory,educationalsystemshaveevolvedtomeetthechangingneedsofsociety.Inancienttimes,educationwasprimarilythepreserveoftheelite,focusingontheacquisitionofclassicalknowledgeandthedevelopmentofleadershipskills.Withtheadventoftheindustrialrevolution,educationbecamemoreaccessible,andthefocusshiftedtowardsprovidingbasicliteracyandnumeracyskillstoabroaderpopulation.Today,educationisviewedasafundamentalright,andthereisagrowingemphasisonholisticdevelopment,encompassingnotonlyacademicknowledgebutalsoemotionalintelligence,criticalthinking,andcreativity.Thepurposeofeducation,therefore,isnotmerelytoimpartknowledgebuttocultivatewell-roundedindividualswhoarecapableofcontributingtoandthrivinginacomplexandrapidlychangingworld.16.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?17.Accordingtothepassage,howhasthefocusofeducationchangedovertime?18.Whatistheauthor'sviewonthepurposeofeducation?19.Theword"preserve"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:20.Theword"cultivate"inthefinalparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:試卷答案1.D解析：文章首段指出AI技術發(fā)展迅速，第二段討論其影響和挑戰(zhàn)，第三段提出應對挑戰(zhàn)的觀點，最后一段總結AI的未來取決于技術進步和倫理社會因素。綜合來看，文章主要圍繞AI技術的發(fā)展及其相關議題展開，選項D（人工智能技術的發(fā)展及其對社會的影響）最能概括文章主旨。2.B解析：根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thistechnologicalsurgeisdrivenbyaconfluenceoffactors,includingtheexponentialgrowthofcomputingpower,thevastamountsofdatageneratedbyhumanactivity,andbreakthroughsinmachinelearningalgorithms.”選項B（計算能力的指數(shù)級增長、人類活動產(chǎn)生的大量數(shù)據(jù)以及機器學習算法的突破）涵蓋了第二段提到的驅動因素。3.A解析：根據(jù)文章第二段，“However,thisprogressisnotwithoutitschallenges.TheincreasingsophisticationofAIsystemsraisesconcernsaboutjobdisplacement,ethicalimplications,andthepotentialformisuse.”選項A（工作流失）是第二段明確提到的主要擔憂之一。4.C解析：文章最后一段，“ThefutureofAI,therefore,hingesnotjustontechnologicalinnovation,butalsoonourabilitytonavigatethesecomplexethicalandsocialdimensions.”作者認為AI的未來不僅取決于技術進步，還取決于我們應對倫理和社會挑戰(zhàn)的能力，選項C（在技術進步和應對倫理及社會挑戰(zhàn)的能力之間取得平衡）最能體現(xiàn)作者觀點。5.F解析：根據(jù)上下文，“aconfluenceoffactors”指的是多種因素匯聚在一起，選項F（匯聚）與confluence的意思最為接近。6.B解析：文章首段指出城市化帶來經(jīng)濟機會，第二段詳細論述了其益處，如創(chuàng)新、商業(yè)、文化交流和經(jīng)濟增長。選項B（城市化帶來的經(jīng)濟和社會益處）最能概括文章主旨。7.A解析：根據(jù)文章第二段，“Ononehand,citiesserveashubsofinnovation,commerce,andculturalexchange,attractingpeopleinsearchofbetterlivelihoodsandahigherqualityoflife.”選項A（創(chuàng)新中心、商業(yè)中心和文化交流中心）概括了第二段提到的城市化帶來的好處。8.C解析：根據(jù)文章第二段，“Ontheotherhand,theinfluxofpeopleintocitieshasputastrainoninfrastructure,housing,andpublicservices.Issuessuchasincomeinequality,pollution,andcrimehavebecomemorepronouncedinurbanenvironments.”選項C（基礎設施、住房和公共服務的壓力以及收入不平等、污染和犯罪等問題）涵蓋了第二段提到的社會挑戰(zhàn)。9.D解析：文章最后一段指出，“Addressingthesechallengesrequiresamultifacetedapproach,includinginvestmentsinaffordablehousing,sustainabletransportationsystems,andgreenspaces.”選項D（在可負擔住房、可持續(xù)交通系統(tǒng)和綠地方面的投資）概括了最后段提出的解決方案。10.I解析：根據(jù)上下文，“theinfluxofpeopleintocities”指的是大量人口涌入城市，選項I（涌入）與influx的意思最為接近。11.E解析：文章首段指出文化多樣性是人類社會的基本方面，第二段討論其益處，如促進相互理解、寬容和尊重，以及激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力和創(chuàng)新。第三段則提到保護文化多樣性的挑戰(zhàn)。最后一段總結文化多樣性至關重要。選項E（文化多樣性對人類社會的益處及其保護的重要性）最能概括文章主旨。12.A解析：根據(jù)文章第二段，“Itpromotesmutualunderstanding,tolerance,andrespectamongpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.”選項A（促進不同背景人群之間的相互理解、寬容和尊重）概括了第二段提到的文化多樣性帶來的好處。13.B解析：根據(jù)文章第三段，“However,thepreservationofculturaldiversityisnotwithoutitschallenges.globalizationandthedominanceofcertainculturescanleadtotheerosionofsmaller,lessdominantcultures.”選項B（全球化以及某些文化的支配地位）是第三段提到的主要挑戰(zhàn)。14.D解析：文章首段強調文化多樣性的重要性，第二段和第三段分別論述其益處和挑戰(zhàn)，最后一段再次強調保護文化多樣性的必要性。作者認為文化多樣性至關重要，需要保護，選項D（文化多樣性至關重要，需要保護和促進）最能體現(xiàn)作者的主要論點。15.J解析：根據(jù)上下文，“eradicationofsmaller,lessdominantcultures”指的是較小、較不占優(yōu)勢的文化被消滅或消除，選項J（消滅）與eradication的意思最為接近。16.F解析：文章首段指出教育是人類進步的基石，第二段回顧教育的歷史演變，第三段討