2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解邏輯思維與解題技巧提升試卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartAReadingComprehensionDirections:Inthepassagebelow,eachparagraphisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageTheriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Characterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,itencompassesawiderangeofactivities,fromride-sharingandfooddeliverytofreelancewritingandgraphicdesign.PlatformslikeUber,TaskRabbit,andUpworkconnectserviceproviderswithclientsglobally,facilitatingunprecedentedflexibilityforworkersandanseeminglyinfinitepooloflaborforbusinesses.Proponentsarguethatthismodeloffersworkersgreaterautonomy,thefreedomtochoosetheirprojects,andthepotentialforhigherearningsbasedonindividualperformance.Forcompanies,itprovidesagility,allowingthemtoscaletheirworkforceupordownaccordingtodemandwithouttheoverheadcostsassociatedwithtraditionalemployment.However,thegigeconomyisnotwithoutitscriticsandchallenges.Aprimaryconcernrevolvesaroundworkersecurityandbenefits.Unliketraditionalemployees,gigworkersoftenlackaccesstohealthinsurance,retirementplans,paidsickleave,andunemploymentbenefits.Thisprecariousnesscanleaveindividualsvulnerable,especiallyduringeconomicdownturnsorpersonalcrises.Moreover,thelackofastableincomestreammakesfinancialplanningdifficult.Theflexibilityofferedbyplatformscanoftentranslateintounpredictableworkloadsandincomevolatility,whereagooddaymightbefollowedbyseveraldayswithnogigs.Concernsalsoexistaboutthepowerimbalanceinherentintheplatformmodel.Thesecompaniesoftenoperateunderlightregulation,enjoyingthebenefitsoflaborwhileminimizingtheirresponsibilities,leadingtoissueslikealgorithmicexploitationwhereworkersarecompelledtoworklongerhourstomaintaintheirrankingoraccesstobettergigs.Theregulatoryresponsetothegigeconomyhasbeenfragmentedandoftencontentious.Governmentsworldwidearegrapplingwithhowtoclassifygigworkers–aretheyindependentcontractors,asplatformsoftenargue,orshouldtheybeconsideredemployeesentitledtocertainprotections?Theclassificationhassignificantlegalandfinancialimplicationsforbothbusinessesandworkers.Insomejurisdictions,suchasCalifornia,legislationhasbeenpassedtoprovidegigworkerswithcertainbenefits,likepaidsickleave,althoughtheextentofthesebenefitsandtheirimpactontheviabilityofplatformsremainsubjectsofdebate.Othercountriesaretakingdifferentapproaches,withsomeleaningtowardsstricterregulationtosafeguardworkersandothersadvocatingforalightertouchtopreservetheinnovationanddynamismofthegigeconomy.Thedebatehighlightsafundamentaltensionbetweeneconomicefficiency,businessmodels,andsocialwelfare.Thefutureofthegigeconomylikelyinvolvesacontinuedcoexistenceandevolutionofbothtemporaryandtraditionalformsofwork.Technologicaladvancements,particularlyinartificialintelligenceandautomation,mayfurtherreshapehowworkgetsdone,potentiallycreatingnewtypesofgigroleswhileautomatingothers.Theriseofremotework,acceleratedbytheCOVID-19pandemic,hasalsoblurredthelinesbetweentraditionalofficejobsandgigwork,offeringworkersmoregeographicalflexibility.Astheworkforcedemographicschange,withmanyyoungergenerationsvaluingflexibilityandautonomy,thedemandfornon-traditionalworkarrangementsmaygrow.Ultimately,thechallengeforsocietyandpolicymakersistofosteranenvironmentwherethegigeconomycanthrivewhilemitigatingitspotentialdownsides,ensuringthatthebenefitsofthisflexiblelabormodelaresharedmoreequitably.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethemainargumentsinfavorofthegigeconomy?2.Whatspecificproblemsdoesthepassageassociatewiththelackoftraditionalbenefitsforgigworkers?3.Inwhatwaysdoesthepassagesuggestthatgigeconomyplatformsexertinfluenceovertheirworkers?4.Howdoesthepassagedescribethecurrentstateofregulationsconcerningthegigeconomy?5.Whatpotentiallong-termtrendsmightfurtherinfluencethedevelopmentofthegigeconomy,accordingtothepassage?PartBReadingComprehensionDirections:Inthepassagebelow,certainwordsareunderlined.BeloweachwordtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshouldidentifythewordorphrasethat,wheninsertedintheblank,fitsthemeaningofthepassageasawhole.MarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Themodernworkplaceisincreasinglycharacterizedby(6),wherethetraditional9-to-5officemodelisgivingwaytomorefluidarrangements.Thisshiftisdrivenbyseveralfactors,notleasttheproliferationofdigitalcommunicationtoolsthatenablecollaborationregardlessofphysicallocation.Formanyemployees,thisrepresentsa(7),offeringgreaterflexibilityinmanagingworkandpersonallife.Companies,(8),oftencitethepotentialforreducedoverheadcostsandincreasedproductivityaskeyadvantages.However,themovetowardsremoteorhybridworkmodelsisnotwithoutits(9).Maintainingteamcohesionandensuringeffectivecommunicationcanbechallengingwhenteammembersaredispersed.Furthermore,concernshavebeenraisedaboutthepotentialforsocialisolationandtheblurringofboundariesbetweenworkandhomelife,whichcanleadtoburnoutforsomeindividuals.The(10)iswhetherthesechallengescanbeeffectivelymanagedtoharnessthebenefitsofflexibleworkarrangementswithoutcompromisingessentialaspectsoforganizationalcultureandemployeewell-being.6.A)fluidityB)fragmentationC)standardizationD)centralization7.A)liberationB)limitationC)burdenD)constraint8.A)respectivelyB)consequentlyC)similarlyD)additionally9.A)drawbacksB)innovationsC)opportunitiesD)efficiencies10.A)questionB)certaintyC)benefitD)priorityPartCReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheconceptof"mindfulness"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears,increasinglypopularizedinbothmentalhealthcirclesandcorporatewellnessprograms.Atitscore,mindfulnessreferstothepracticeofintentionallypayingattentiontothepresentmoment,oftenincorporatingawarenessofone'sthoughts,feelings,andbodilysensations,withoutjudgment.Proponentssuggestthatcultivatingmindfulnesscanleadtoavarietyofbenefits,includingreducedstress,improvedfocus,andgreateremotionalregulation.Thepracticeofteninvolvestechniquessuchasmeditation,deepbreathingexercises,orsimplypayingdeliberateattentiontoeverydayactivitieslikeeatingorwalking.Whilemuchofthefocushasbeenonindividualbenefits,researchersarealsobeginningtoexplorethepotentialimpactofmindfulnessoninterpersonalrelationshipsandteamdynamicswithinorganizations.Oneareawheremindfulnesspracticesarebeingappliedisinleadershipdevelopment.Studiessuggestthatmindfulleadersareoftenmoreself-aware,betterabletomanagetheiremotions,andmoreempathetictowardstheirteammembers.Thisself-awarenesscanhelpleadersrecognizetheirownbiasesandreactmorethoughtfullyinstressfulsituations,ratherthanimpulsively.Empathy,enhancedthroughmindfulness,allowsleaderstounderstandtheperspectivesandneedsoftheircolleaguesmoreeffectively,fosteringamoresupportiveandcollaborativeworkenvironment.Furthermore,theabilitytoregulateone'sownemotionscanpositivelyinfluencetheteam'smoodandreduceworkplaceconflict.Bymodelingmindfulbehavior,leaderscancreateaculturethatencouragesemployeestobemorepresentandengagedintheirwork.However,theeffectiveimplementationofmindfulnessinitiativeswithinorganizationsfacesseveralchallenges.Criticsarguethatmindfulnesscansometimesbeperceivedasa"softskill"lackingtangiblebusinessvalue,makingitdifficulttojustifythetimeandresourcesrequiredfortrainingprograms.Thereisalsotheriskthatmindfulnesspracticesmightbesuperficiallyadoptedwithoutgenuinecommitmentfromleadership,leadingtoemployeecynicismortokenisticparticipation.Additionally,theeffectivenessofmindfulnesscanvarygreatlyamongindividuals,andwhatworksforonepersonmightnotresonatewithanother.Organizationsneedtoapproachmindfulnessinitiativesthoughtfully,ensuringtheyareintegratedauthenticallyintothecompanycultureandsupportedbyleaderswhogenuinelypracticeandadvocatefortheprinciplesofmindfulness.Simplyofferingworkshopswithoutaddressingunderlyingworkplacestressorsorfosteringacultureofpresencemayyieldlimitedresults.Questions:11.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whatspecificadvantagesmightmindfulleaderspossess?13.Whatchallengesarementionedregardingthecorporateadoptionofmindfulnesspractices?14.Theword"authentically"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)superficiallyB)genuinelyC)practicallyD)systematically15.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttherelationshipbetweenmindfulnessandworkplaceculture?PassageTwoTherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)haspromptedwidespreaddiscussionaboutitspotentialimpactonthefutureofemployment.WhilesomeenvisionafuturewhereAIreplaceshumanworkersonalargescale,otherssuggestthatitwillprimarilyserveasatooltoaugmenthumancapabilities,creatingnewtypesofjobsandtransformingexistingones.Understandingthistransformationrequiresexaminingboththepotentialdisplacementofcertainrolesandtheopportunitiesforhuman-AIcollaboration.Oneofthemostsignificantareasofimpactisexpectedtobeinsectorsreliantondataanalysisandpatternrecognition,suchasfinance,healthcare,andmarketing.AIsystemscanprocessvastamountsofinformationfarfasterandoftenmoreaccuratelythanhumans,assistingprofessionalsinmakingmoreinformeddecisions.Forinstance,AIalgorithmscananalyzemedicalimagestoaidradiologists,identifypotentialinvestmentopportunitiesforfinancialanalysts,orsegmentcustomerdatatohelpmarketerstargettheircampaignsmoreeffectively.Inthesescenarios,AIactsasapowerfulassistant,enhancinghumanexpertiseratherthancompletelysupplantingit.TheroleofthehumanprofessionalthenshiftstowardsinterpretingAIoutputs,settingstrategicgoals,andmanagingcomplexsystems.Despitethesecollaborativeopportunities,concernsaboutjobdisplacementremainprominent.Routine,repetitivetasksthatarewell-definedandprimarilyinvolvedataprocessingorphysicalmanipulationareparticularlyvulnerabletoautomation.Jobsinmanufacturing,dataentry,andcertainadministrativerolescouldseesubstantialchangesasAIandroboticstechnologiesmature.Thispotentialshiftnecessitatesafocusondevelopingskillsthatarelesssusceptibletoautomation,suchascriticalthinking,complexproblem-solving,emotionalintelligence,andcreativity.Individualsandeducationalsystemsmayneedtoadapttoprepareforaworkforcewherecontinuouslearningandtheabilitytoworkalongsideintelligentmachineswillbeessential.ThesocietalresponsetotheAIrevolutionwillbecrucialindeterminingitsoveralleffectonemployment.Policiesregardingeducation,retraining,socialsafetynets,andpotentiallyevenuniversalbasicincomewillneedtoevolvetosupportworkersnavigatingthistransition.Encouragingahuman-centricapproachtoAIdevelopment,whereethicalconsiderationsandtheenhancementofhumanpotentialareprioritizedalongsidetechnologicalinnovation,willbekey.Thefutureemploymentlandscapeisnotpredetermined;itwillbeshapedbythechoiceswemaketodayregardinghowweintegrateAIintooureconomicandsocialstructures,ensuringthatthebenefitsarewidelysharedandthatthehumanelementremainscentral.Questions:16.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?17.Accordingtothepassage,inwhichsectorsmightAIprimarilyfunctionasanassistanttohumanprofessionals?18.Whattypesofjobsareidentifiedaspotentiallymostvulnerabletoautomation?19.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestisakeyrequirementforworkersintheageofAI?20.Thephrase"human-centricapproach"inthelastparagraphprimarilyrefersto:A)AnemphasisonAI'stechnicalcapabilitiesB)PrioritizinghumanneedsandvaluesinAIdevelopmentC)RestrictingtheuseofAItospecificsectorsD)ManagingAIthroughstrictgovernmentregulation試卷答案1.D2.A3.C4.B5.D6.A7.A8.B9.A10.A11.C12.B13.A14.B15.D16.C17.A18.B19.D20.B解析思路1.題干分析：問支持零工經(jīng)濟的“主要”論點。思路：定位原文第一段。首段明確提到支持者認為零工經(jīng)濟為工人提供了“autonomy”（自主性）、“freedomtochooseprojects”（選擇項目的自由）和“potentialforhigherearnings”（基于個人表現(xiàn)獲得更高收入的潛力）。選項D“flexibilityforworkersandanseeminglyinfinitepooloflaborforbusinesses”（為工人提供靈活性，為企業(yè)提供看似無限勞動力池）是對這些支持論點的概括總結(jié)。選項A（自主性）、C（高收入潛力）都是其中一點，不夠全面。2.題干分析：問零工工作者缺乏傳統(tǒng)福利帶來的“具體”問題。思路：定位原文第二段。該段明確提到一個主要問題是“workersecurityandbenefits”（工人保障和福利）。緊接著列舉了缺乏“healthinsurance”（健康保險）、“retirementplans”（退休計劃）、“paidsickleave”（帶薪病假）和“unemploymentbenefits”（失業(yè)救濟金）。選項A“l(fā)ackofaccesstohealthinsurance,retirementplans,paidsickleave,andunemploymentbenefits”（無法獲得健康保險、退休計劃、帶薪病假和失業(yè)救濟金）直接對應原文列舉的具體問題，是對“workersecurityandbenefits”問題的具體闡述。3.題干分析：問平臺如何對其工作者“施加影響”。思路：定位原文第二段。該段提到“powerimbalanceinherentintheplatformmodel”（平臺模式中固有的權(quán)力不平衡），并舉例說明“algorithmicexploitationwhereworkersarecompelledtoworklongerhourstomaintaintheirrankingoraccesstobettergigs”（算法剝削，即工作者被迫工作更長小時以維持其排名或獲得更好的零工）。選項C“algorithmicexploitation”指通過算法機制來控制或利用工作者，體現(xiàn)了平臺利用其技術(shù)優(yōu)勢對工作者施加的影響。選項A（靈活性）是平臺提供的特點，非影響方式。選項B（碎片化）、D（中心化）與文意不符。4.題干分析：問當前關(guān)于零工經(jīng)濟的“法規(guī)狀況”。思路：定位原文第三段。該段首句提到“regulatoryresponsetothegigeconomyhasbeenfragmentedandoftencontentious”（對零工經(jīng)濟的監(jiān)管反應是碎片化的且經(jīng)常充滿爭議）。選項B“fragmentedandoftencontentious”（碎片化的且經(jīng)常充滿爭議的）直接描述了原文所指的當前法規(guī)狀況，即不同地區(qū)/國家的法規(guī)不一致，且在如何監(jiān)管上存在很大分歧和爭論。5.題干分析：問根據(jù)文章，“可能”進一步影響零工經(jīng)濟的“長期趨勢”。思路：定位原文第四段。該段最后一句提到“Ultimately,thechallengeforsocietyandpolicymakersistofosteranenvironmentwherethegigeconomycanthrivewhilemitigatingitspotentialdownsides,ensuringthatthebenefitsofthisflexiblelabormodelaresharedmoreequitably”（最終，社會和政策制定者面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是營造一個環(huán)境，讓零工經(jīng)濟能夠繁榮發(fā)展，同時減輕其潛在弊端，確保這種靈活勞動模式的益處得到更公平的分享）。選項D“fosteranenvironmentwherethegigeconomycanthrivewhilemitigatingitspotentialdownsides”（營造一個能讓零工經(jīng)濟繁榮并減輕其潛在弊端的環(huán)境）是對原文最后一句核心挑戰(zhàn)內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，指出了可能影響其長期發(fā)展的一個關(guān)鍵趨勢，即如何更好地規(guī)范和管理以實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。6.題干分析：填入空白處最符合文章整體意思的詞。思路：定位原文第一段首句“Themodernworkplaceisincreasinglycharacterizedby(6),wherethetraditional9-to-5officemodelisgivingwaytomorefluidarrangements.”首句提到現(xiàn)代職場的特點是“traditional9-to-5officemodelisgivingwaytomorefluidarrangements”（傳統(tǒng)的9-5辦公室模式正讓位于更靈活的安排）?？崭裉幪钊氲脑~應描述這種“givingwaytomorefluidarrangements”的狀態(tài)或特征。選項A“fluidity”（靈活性）直接對應“morefluidarrangements”，與后文內(nèi)容一致，符合語境。7.題干分析：填入空白處最符合文章整體意思的詞。思路：定位原文第一段“Formanyemployees,thisrepresentsa(7),offeringgreaterflexibilityinmanagingworkandpersonallife.”結(jié)合上下文，“this”指代前文提到的“increasinglycharacterizedby(6),wherethetraditional9-to-5officemodelisgivingwaytomorefluidarrangements”以及“flexibility”。對于許多員工來說，這種靈活性代表著某種“優(yōu)勢”或“解脫”。選項A“l(fā)iberation”（解放）表達了從固定工作模式中獲得自由和解脫的含義，符合語境。8.題干分析：填入空白處最符合文章整體意思的詞。思路：定位原文第一段“Companies,(8),oftencitethepotentialforreducedoverheadcostsandincreasedproductivityaskeyadvantages.”前文提到員工得到“l(fā)iberation”（解放），后文說公司經(jīng)常引用“reducedoverheadcostsandincreasedproductivity”（降低成本和提高生產(chǎn)力）作為優(yōu)勢?？崭裉帒B接前后文，表明公司在提到自身優(yōu)勢時的態(tài)度或結(jié)果。選項B“consequently”（因此）表示公司（作為與員工相對的一方）因此常常提到這些優(yōu)勢，符合邏輯關(guān)系。9.題干分析：填入空白處最符合文章整體意思的詞。思路：定位原文第一段“Furthermore,theconcernshavebeenraisedaboutthepotentialfor(9).Maintainingteamcohesionandensuringeffectivecommunicationcanbechallengingwhenteammembersaredispersed.”該句提到遠程工作可能導致的問題?！癕aintainingteamcohesionandensuringeffectivecommunicationcanbechallenging”（維持團隊凝聚力確保有效溝通可能具有挑戰(zhàn)性）是具體問題。空格詞應描述這種“potentialforchallenges”。選項A“drawbacks”（缺點、不利條件）符合語境，指遠程工作潛在的負面影響或缺點。10.題干分析：填入空白處最符合文章整體意思的詞。思路：定位原文第一段最后一句“The(10)iswhetherthesechallengescanbeeffectivelymanagedtoharnessthebenefitsofflexibleworkarrangementswithoutcompromisingessentialaspectsoforganizationalcultureandemployeewell-being.”句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“Whether...challengecanbeeffectivelymanaged...”表明空格處是“whether”引導的主語從句的核心詞，指代對“這些挑戰(zhàn)”（指前文提到的分散帶來的問題）能否被有效管理這一問題的“看法”或“疑問”。選項A“question”（問題）符合語境，即核心問題在于這些挑戰(zhàn)是否能被有效管理。11.題干分析：問文章的“主要目的”。思路：通讀整篇文章。文章從mindfulness的定義和益處入手，重點討論了其在領(lǐng)導力發(fā)展和組織中的應用，并分析了實施中面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，最后提出需要真誠整合和領(lǐng)導支持。文章并非簡單介紹mindfulness，而是探討了其與領(lǐng)導力、組織文化以及實施挑戰(zhàn)的復雜關(guān)系，旨在深入分析mindfulness在組織環(huán)境中的實際應用和影響。選項C“discussthecomplexitiesandchallengesofimplementingmindfulnesspracticesinorganizationalsettingsandtheimportanceofauthenticintegrationandleadershipsupport”最能概括文章主旨，即討論在組織環(huán)境中實施正念實踐的復雜性和挑戰(zhàn)，以及真誠整合和領(lǐng)導支持的重要性。12.題干分析：問正念領(lǐng)導者可能擁有的“具體”優(yōu)勢。思路：定位原文第二段。該段明確提到“mindfulleadersareoftenmoreself-aware,betterabletomanagetheiremotions,andmoreempathetictowardstheirteammembers”（正念領(lǐng)導者通常更具自我意識，更能管理自己的情緒，對團隊成員更具同理心）。選項B“self-awareness,emotionalregulation,andempathy”（自我意識、情緒調(diào)節(jié)和同理心）直接概括了原文提到的正念領(lǐng)導者的三大核心優(yōu)勢。13.題干分析：問在企業(yè)文化中采用正念實踐面臨的“挑戰(zhàn)”。思路：定位原文第三段。該段明確提到了幾個挑戰(zhàn)：“muchofthefocushasbeenonindividualbenefits,makingitdifficulttojustifythetimeandresourcesrequiredfortrainingprograms”（對個體益處的關(guān)注，使得難以證明培訓所需的時間和資源）、“riskthatmindfulnesspracticesmightbesuperficiallyadoptedwithoutgenuinecommitmentfromleadership,leadingtoemployeecynicismortokenisticparticipation”（正念實踐可能被表面化采納，缺乏領(lǐng)導層的真誠承諾，導致員工產(chǎn)生cynicism或tokenisticparticipation（冷漠或象征性參與）的風險）。選項A“perceivedlackoftangiblebusinessvalueleadingtodifficultyinjustificationandsuperficialadoptionwithoutgenuinecommitment”（缺乏有形商業(yè)價值被感知到，導致難以證明其價值，且缺乏真誠承諾導致表面化采納）綜合概括了原文提到的主要挑戰(zhàn)，特別是與組織決策和實施態(tài)度相關(guān)的部分。14.題干分析：“authentically”在最后一段的詞義。思路：定位原文最后一段“Theorganizationsneedtoapproachmindfulnessinitiativesthoughtfully,ensuringtheyareintegrated(14)intothecompanyculture...”。該句討論如何有意義地實施正念計劃，強調(diào)要將其“integratedintothecompanyculture”（融入公司文化）。結(jié)合上下文，這意味著不是膚淺或敷衍地做，而是真正地、真誠地融入。選項B“genuinely”（真誠地）與“authentically”（真實地，真誠地）意思最接近。15.題干分析：問能從文章推斷出的關(guān)于正念與企業(yè)文化關(guān)系的“陳述”。思路：分析文章關(guān)于正念和企業(yè)文化的論述。文章提到mindfulleaderscanfosterasupportiveandcollaborativeworkenvironment（正念領(lǐng)導者能營造支持和協(xié)作的工作環(huán)境），提到authenticintegrationisneeded（需要真誠整合），并提到effectivenesscanvarygreatlyamongindividuals（對不同個體效果不同）。最后一段暗示，如果正念不能解決根本問題或只是表面做法，可能效果有限。選項D“Mindfulnesspractices,whengenuinelyintegratedintoanorganizationalculture,canpositivelyinfluenceteamdynamicsandwell-being,buttheireffectivenessdependsontheoverallhealthofthecultureandgenuinecommitment”（當正念實踐被真誠融入企業(yè)文化時，可以積極影響團隊動態(tài)