Book1Unit1Friendship溫馨提示：背誦是學(xué)好英語的捷徑，也是學(xué)好英語的必經(jīng)之路。本文知識清單萃取單元精華，為你備好滿滿干貨。天天背，反復(fù)背，利用零碎時間瘋狂背；背詞塊，背佳句，讓你背出高分，背出自信！Part1清單式背誦——主干知識一遍過1.addup合計?addvt.增加；加；補充說addsthtosth把……加到/進……里addupto加起來共計達(dá)(不用于被動語態(tài))addto增加；增添(多用于抽象意義)addthat...又說……；補充說……?additionn.加；(數(shù))加法；增加inaddition另外；此外(還有)inadditionto除……之外eg.TheSpringFestivalplaysamajorroleinthelivesofChinesepeople，sovariousactivitiesarenecessaryforaddingaflavourtothefestival.(節(jié)日介紹)春節(jié)在中國人的生活中起著重要的作用，因此為增添節(jié)日氣氛而進行的各種活動也必不可少。2.upsetadj.難過的，不高興的(unhappy)，失望的(disappointed)；心煩意亂的；不安的(annoyed)；不適的vt.使不安；使心煩，打擾；打翻；打亂beupsettodo/aboutsth對(做)某事感到不安/心煩Itupsetssbthat...讓人不高興的是……eg.(2022·泉州模擬)Iguessyoumaybepuzzled，surprised，upset，evenfrustratedatsuchwords.我想你可能會對這些話感到困惑、驚訝、不安，甚至沮喪?！军c撥】(1)upset充當(dāng)形容詞時常用作表語，不能作定語。(2)upset的過去式和過去分詞形式為upset；其現(xiàn)在分詞形式為upsetting。3.calmvt.&vi.(使)平靜；(使)鎮(zhèn)定adj.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的calm(...)down(使)平靜下來；(使)鎮(zhèn)定下來keep/staycalm保持冷靜4.concernvt.(使)擔(dān)憂(worry)；涉及；關(guān)系到(involve)n.擔(dān)心；憂慮；關(guān)注；(利害)關(guān)系?showconcernfor對……關(guān)注?concernedadj.擔(dān)心的(worried)；關(guān)注的(interestedin)；相關(guān)的(relevant)beconcernedwith與……有關(guān)beconcernedabout/for關(guān)心；掛念as/sofaras...beconcerned就……而言；依……之見?concerningprep.有關(guān)；關(guān)于(about)eg.Justimaginehowgreattheworldwouldbeifweonlyshowedgreaterconcernforourfellowman.想象一下如果我們稍微多關(guān)心一下我們的同胞，世界將變得多美好。【聯(lián)想】“就某人而言，依……之見”的常用表達(dá)還有：inone’sopinion/view，fromone’spointofview5.gothrough經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；通過(考試、法案等)；經(jīng)過(某場所)；仔細(xì)檢查，查看；完成；用完，耗盡eg.Wewentthroughallourmoneylastmonth，becausewewentthroughmanydifficulties.Therefore，thismonthwe’llgothroughthecostplan.因為經(jīng)歷了諸多困難，上個月我們用完了所有的錢。因此，這個月我們要詳細(xì)檢查一下花費計劃?！韭?lián)想】“動詞＋through”的常用短語還有：glancethrough匆匆看一遍getthrough通過；做完；接通電話；熬過lookthrough快速查看；瀏覽；翻閱seethrough看穿；識破6.setdown記下；放下；登記setup開辦；建立；設(shè)立setaside留出；撥出(時間、金錢等)setoff出發(fā)；動身；引起；使爆炸setouttodosth/setaboutdoingsth著手做某事eg.AtthesewordsallBaoyu’shappinessfadedaway.Slowlyhesetdownhiscupandbowedhisheadinsadness.聽了這些話，寶玉的歡樂頓時煙消云散了。他緩緩放下杯子，垂頭喪氣。7.powern.能力(ability)；力量(strength)；權(quán)力；政權(quán)；強國vt.提供動力；驅(qū)動?inpower當(dāng)權(quán)的，在位的cometo/intopower掌權(quán)；上臺?powerfuladj.強大的；有力的；有影響力的eg.China’sculturalsoftpowerandtheinternationalinfluenceofChineseculturehaveincreasedsignificantly.中國文化軟實力和中華文化國際影響力顯著提升?！韭?lián)想】表示“竭盡全力做某事”的常用表達(dá)還有：do/tryone’sbesttodosth，makeanefforttodosth，sparenoefforttodosth8.settlevi.&vt.結(jié)束(爭論等)；解決(糾紛、分歧等)vt.使定居；安排；解決vi.安家；定居；停留?settlein/into(遷入新居；更換工作后)安頓下來settledown定居；平靜下來；專心于settle/getdownto(doing)sth開始專注于某事物；著手認(rèn)真做某事?settlementn.協(xié)議；解決；定居點settlern.移民；殖民者eg.Besideswatchinglanterns，theLanternFestivalisalsoadaytoappreciatethefullmoon，settlelanternriddles，watchartperformancesandeattangyuan.(節(jié)日介紹)除了看燈，元宵節(jié)也是賞滿月、猜燈謎、看藝術(shù)表演、吃湯圓的好時候。9.suffervt.&vi.遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷?sufferpain/defeat/loss/damage遭受痛苦/失敗/損失/破壞suffer(from)受……折磨；患……病sufferfor因……而受苦?sufferingn.痛苦；苦惱；讓人痛苦的事sufferern.受難者；患病者eg.(福建卷書面表達(dá))Itistruethatwemaysufferfromfailurefromtimetotime.However，itisimportantthatweneverlosetheenthusiasmtokeepontrying.(觀點表達(dá))的確，我們有時會遭受失敗。然而，重要的是我們永遠(yuǎn)不要失去繼續(xù)努力的熱情。10.recovervi.&vt.痊愈；恢復(fù)；重新獲得；找回；彌補?recoverfrom從……中恢復(fù)recoveroneself恢復(fù)健康?recoveryn.恢復(fù)；復(fù)蘇；痊愈makearecoveryfrom從……中恢復(fù)eg.Ifyouwilldothat，Icanguaranteeacompleterecoveryinthirty－threedays.如果你那樣做，我可以保證你在三十三天內(nèi)完全康復(fù)。11.get/betiredof對……厭煩betiredout筋疲力盡betiredfrom因……而勞累；疲倦eg.TherewasatimewhenIwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedspeakingEnglish.(語言學(xué)習(xí))有一段時間我厭倦了學(xué)習(xí)英語，不喜歡說英語?！韭?lián)想】“對……厭煩”的常用表達(dá)還有：get/besickof，get/beboredwith，get/befedupwith12.packvi.&vt.捆扎；包裝；打行李n.小包；包裹；一群(狼或狗)?pack(sth)up將(東西)裝箱打包o...把……塞進……bepackedwith裝滿……，塞滿……，擠滿……?apackof一盒……；一群……13.getalongwith與……相處；進展getalong/onwell(nicely)withsb與某人相處得好getalong/onwell(nicely/smoothly)withsth某事進展得好/順利eg.Howtogetalongwellwithothersisamustyoushouldlearn.如何與別人友好相處是你必須學(xué)會的事情。14.gratefuladj.感激的(appreciate)；表示謝意的(thankful)begratefultosbforsth因某事感激某人begratefultodo...因做……而感激begratefulthat...感激……eg.Iamgratefultohearyouhaveputinagoodwordforme.聽說你替我美言，我很感激。15.disliken.&vt.不喜歡；厭惡dislikedoingsth不喜歡做某事【聯(lián)想】dis－否定前綴構(gòu)成的常見動詞還有：disagreevi.不同意discouragevt.使氣餒distrustvt.不信任disablevt.使殘疾；使失去能力disappearvi.消失dismissvt.解雇16.joinin參加；加入joinsbindoing...和某人一起做……【聯(lián)想】表示“參加”的常用表達(dá)還有：participatein參加；參與take(anactive)partin(積極)參加；參與教材詞塊1.growsocrazyabouteverything對一切都無比狂熱2.setdownaseriesoffacts記流水賬3.inordertohaveagoodlookatthemoon為了好好看看月亮4.onpurpose故意5.fartoomuchlight太多光亮6.happentobeupstairs碰巧在樓上7.atdusk在黃昏時刻8.lookatnaturethroughdirtycurtains透過臟兮兮的窗簾觀看大自然9.havesometroublewithmyclassmates與我的同學(xué)之間有些不愉快10.atthemoment此時；此刻；目前11.communicatewithpeople與人交流12.makegoodfriendswiththem與他們結(jié)為摯友教材佳句1.Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.(強調(diào)句型)我不知道這是不是因為我長久無法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無比狂熱。2.ItwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI’dseenthenightfacetoface...(itis/was＋序數(shù)詞＋time＋that從句)這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚……3.Shefounditdifficulttosettleandcalmdowninthehidingplace，becauseshewasconcernedaboutwhethertheywouldbediscovered.(find＋復(fù)合賓語)她發(fā)現(xiàn)在藏身之地很難安身和安靜下來，因為她擔(dān)心他們會被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。4.It’snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.(形式主語it)觀看這些已經(jīng)不再是樂趣，因為大自然是你必須親身體驗的。5.Idowanttochangethissituation，butIdon’tknowhow.(助動詞do強調(diào)謂語)我的確想改變這種處境，但是我不知道怎樣去做。1.Whilewalkingthedog，youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.遛狗時，你不小心把狗松開了，結(jié)果它被車撞了。句型公式|狀語從句的省略(1)狀語從句省略的條件：①when，while，though，as，evenif，unless，if，asif等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的主語與主句主語一致或從句主語為it；②狀語從句謂語中含有be動詞。(2)省略句的形式：省略從句中的主語和be動詞。①(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Thetwinscheeredupanddidastold.雙胞胎高興起來，照(他)說的做了。②(2020·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))Whilepickingoranges，Irealizedhowharditwasforfarmerstoworkinthefields.在摘橘子的時候，我意識到農(nóng)民在農(nóng)田里勞作是多么的艱苦。③(2019·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))Therefore，IcanexplaintherelevantinformationaboutChinesepaintingifnecessary.(申請信)因此，如有必要，我可以解釋有關(guān)中國畫的相關(guān)信息?！军c撥】省略句中的謂語動詞如果和主語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞；若構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，則使用過去分詞；若謂語動詞表示尚未發(fā)生的動作，則使用不定式。2.Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwenty－fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.她與家人躲藏了將近二十五個月之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。句型公式|before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句根據(jù)語境，連詞before在引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時可翻譯成下面幾種意義：還沒來得及……就……；……之后才……；在……之前；(不久)就……；以免……；趁著……(還沒有)①(2020·浙江7月卷)Howtimeflies！Twoweekshasgonebybeforeweknowit.時間過得真快！不知不覺兩個月過去了。②Johnthinksitwon’tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.約翰認(rèn)為用不了多久他就會為他的新工作做好準(zhǔn)備。③Ifyoumissthischance，itmaybeyearsbeforeyougetanotherone.如果你錯過這個機會，多年之后你才可能再次得到這樣的機會。Part2學(xué)案式檢測——背誦效果速評估(限時20分鐘)溫馨提示：本部分為“Part1清單式背誦”的針對性檢測，請同學(xué)們先認(rèn)真背誦，再進行過關(guān)檢測，效果更佳?、?單詞過關(guān)檢測課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)——英漢互譯1.upsetadj.心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的vt.(upset，upset)使不安；使心煩2.calmvt.&vi.(使)平靜；(使)鎮(zhèn)定adj.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的3.outdoorsadv.在戶外；在野外4.duskn.黃昏；傍晚5.partnern.伙伴；合作者；合伙人6.settlevi.安家；定居；停留vt.使定居；安排；解決7.teenagern.十幾歲的青少年8.gratefuladj.感激的；表示謝意的9.disliken.&vt.不喜歡；厭惡10.secondlyadv.第二；其次11.surveyn.調(diào)查；測驗12.looseadj.松的；松開的13.curtainn.窗簾；門簾；幕布14.highwayn.公路；大路15.packvi.&vt.捆扎；包裝；打行李n.小包；包裹16.tipn.提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小費v.傾斜；翻倒17.swapvt.交換18.itemn.項目；條款課外拓展延伸——詞形變換1.ignorevt.不理睬；忽視→ignorancen.無知；不懂2.concernvt.(使)擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到n.擔(dān)心；關(guān)注；(利害)關(guān)系→concernedadj.關(guān)心的；擔(dān)憂的→concerningprep.關(guān)于；涉及3.entireadj.整個的；完全的；全部的→entirelyadv.完全地；全然地；整個地4.powern.能力；力量；權(quán)力→powerfuladj.強大的；有感染力的→powerlessadj.無力的；沒有能力的5.dustn.灰塵→dustyadj.積滿灰塵的6.partnern.伙伴；合作者；合伙人→partnershipn.合伙；合作關(guān)系7.settlevi.安家；定居；停留vt.使安居；安排；解決→settlern.移居者；殖民者→settlementn.解決；殖民；定居點8.suffervt.&vi.遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷→sufferingn.折磨；苦難9.recovervi.&vt.痊愈；恢復(fù)；重新獲得；找回→recoveryn.恢復(fù)；復(fù)蘇；康復(fù)10.exactadj.準(zhǔn)確的；精確的→exactlyadv.確實如此；正是；確切地11.agreevi.同意→disagreevi.不同意→agreementn.同意；協(xié)定Ⅱ.短語詞塊過關(guān)檢測課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)——英漢互譯1.calm__(...)__down(使)平靜下來；(使)鎮(zhèn)定下來2.be__concerned__about/for關(guān)心；掛念3.go__through經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；完成；仔細(xì)檢查4.set__down__a__series__of__facts記流水賬5.on__purpose故意；有目的地6.far__too__much__light太多光亮7.get/be__tired__of對……厭煩8.get__along__with與……相處；進展9.happen__to__be__upstairs碰巧在樓上10.lookatnaturethroughdirtycurtains透過臟兮兮的窗簾觀看大自然11.addup合計12.growsocrazyabouteverything對一切都無比狂熱13.nopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylonger觀看這些已不再是樂趣14.makegoodfriendswiththem與他們結(jié)為摯友15.pack(sth)up將(東西)裝箱打包課外拓展延伸——英漢互譯1.in__addition__to除……之外2.be__upset__to__do/about__sth對(做)某事感到不安/心煩3.show__concern__for對……關(guān)注4.settle__down__to__(doing)__sth著手認(rèn)真做某事5.be__packed__with裝滿……，塞滿……，擠滿……6.fromone’spointofview就某人而言7.doall/everythinginone’spowertodosth盡力做某事8.makearecoveryfrom從……中恢復(fù)9.get/befedupwith對……厭煩10.begratefultodo...因做……而感激Ⅲ.句式過關(guān)檢測課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)——補全句子1.遛狗時，你不小心把狗松開了，結(jié)果它被車撞了。(狀語從句的省略)While__walking__the__dog，youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.2.她與家人躲藏了將近二十五個月之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。(before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句)Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwenty－fivemonthsbefore__they__were__discovered.3.這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚……(it＋is/was＋序數(shù)詞＋time＋that從句)It__was__the__first__timeinayearandahalfthat__I’d__seen__the__nightfacetoface.課外拓展延伸——補全句子1.有一段時間我厭倦了學(xué)習(xí)英語，不喜歡說英語。(betiredof)TherewasatimewhenI__was__tired__of__learning__EnglishanddislikedspeakingEnglish.2.如何與別人友好相處是你必須學(xué)會的事情。(getalongwith)How__to__get__along__well__with__othersisamustyoushouldlearn.3.雙胞胎高興起來，照(他)說的做了。(狀語從句的省略)Thetwinscheeredupanddidas__told.4.時間過得真快！不知不覺兩個月過去了。(before)Howtimeflies！Twoweekshasgonebybefore__we__know__it.Part3層級式精練——單元要點全練通1.concern用法個個清——猜詞義/寫美句①(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)It’stheoff－settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.n.憂慮；關(guān)注②(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.adj.擔(dān)心的③(江蘇卷書面表達(dá))Asweallknow，mostoftheratingsarebasedonothers’judgmentontheproductorserviceconcerned.adj.相關(guān)的④(2020·北京卷書面表達(dá))Inmyopinion，itwasverymeaningfulbecauseIworkedandhelpedthefarmers.→As/So__far__as__I’m__concerned，itwasverymeaningfulbecauseIworkedandhelpedthefarmers.(升級加黑詞匯)2.settle用法多棱鏡——猜詞義/寫美句①(2020·北京卷)Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewer，theydoexist.adj.穩(wěn)定的，確定的，確立的②(2021·全國甲卷)Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue－skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.適應(yīng)③(2020·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))我們一趕到農(nóng)場，就安下心來干活，采摘橘子。Immediately/Instantlywegottothefarm，we__settled__down__to__working__and__picking__orangess.3.suffer用法一遍過——練用法/寫美句①(2020·江蘇卷)Later，heworkedinAfrica，wheremanypeoplesufferedfromblindnessforlackofpropertreatment.②Theoldmanissaidtohavegonethroughvarietiesofsufferings(suffer)duringthewar.③(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)“我希望我們能幫他賺錢，”克萊拉說?！八募胰颂纯嗔??！薄癐wishwecouldhelphimtoearnmoney，”saidClara.“His__family__is__suffering__so__much.”4.recover用法巧練通——練用法/寫美句①ThereismuchchancethatBillwillrecoverhimself(he)intimefortherace.②(2021·全國乙卷)Onherdayofdischarge,wesharedinherdelightatherrecovery(recover).③(2022·惠州二模)他們開始從痛苦的夢魘中慢慢恢復(fù)過來。They__began__to__recover__slowly__fromtheirnightmareofpainandsuffering.5.add短語一網(wǎng)收——練用法/猜詞義①Addupallthesefiguresandtellmetheresult.②(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks，thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts，whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.③Themoneyhespentwithinamonthaddeduptomorethan1，000dollars.總計達(dá)④(2019·浙江卷)HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.v.補充說6.gothrough用法點點練——猜詞義/寫美句①(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)ThisviewisespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroasclimbersgothroughfiveecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))inthespaceofafewkilometers.經(jīng)歷②SuddenlyanotherthoughtwentthroughKate’smindlikeanelectricshock.經(jīng)過；閃過③Asyougothroughthisbook，youwillfindthateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarⅡhadadifferentexperience.查看；查閱④Thebillmighthavegonethroughiftheeconomywasgrowing.(法案等)通過⑤(2020·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))如果能抽點時間查看一下我們的改編，我們將非常感激。We’dappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldspare__some__time__to__go__through__our__adaption.7.“狀語從句的省略”句型薈萃——練用法/寫美句①(2019·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))Ifaccepted(accept)，Icanperformwellasavolunteer.②Whensitting(sit)intheclassroomanddoingmypapers,Ifeltconfidentandwasfullofenergy.③如果可能，最好還是挑選有機食品。Itisalwaysbesttochooseorganicallygrownfoodsif__possible.維度一詞形變化練1.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Iamfascinatedbycolumnsonteenagers(teenage)whereIgettouchedbyinspiringstoriesandgainhappinessfromexcitingnews.2.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Jenniferisafirst－generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily—andthat’sprettypowerful(power).3.(2020·江蘇卷)Wedidnotspeakthelocallanguage，didnotknowthecustoms，andmoreoftenthannot，didnotentirely(entire)recognizethefood.4.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)It’shardtotellexactly(exact)howmanypeopleagreewithhim.5.(2019·天津卷)Historyismuchmorethanthestudyofdusty(dust)oldobjectsandeventslongpast.6.Theheadmasterdidn’tseemtobeawarethatthereshouldhavebeensomuchdisagreement(disagree)aboutthedecision.維度二固定用法練1.(2020·天津5月卷)Asurveycarriedoutlastyearshowedthat80%ofthemiddle－agedinthiscitywereinfavouroftheproposalforhealthcarereform.2.Iwouldbegratefultoyouifyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtomakefriends.3.Withthedevelopmentofoursociety，Ifinditimportantto__learn(learn)Englishwell.4.Thoughhehasbeeninpowerfortwoyears，hehasn’tfoundaneffectivesolutiontothecountry’seconomicproblems.5.Asamatteroffact,Idislike__being__treated(treat)likeachild.6.Atduskhewenttobedlikealltheothers,pretendedtoclosehiseyes,controlledhisbreathing,andcalmedhimselfdown.7.Allthefamilyjoinmeinwishingyouahappyfuture.8.Shesaidshewastiredofseeinghimgoaroundallthetime.維度三語境辨義練■熟詞生義——根據(jù)語境寫出加黑詞的詞性和詞義1.(2020·浙江7月卷)Thecurtainsareabouttoopen，andinafewminutestheactionanddialoguewilltellyouthestory.n.幕，帷幕2.(北京卷)Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.adj.擁擠的3.(浙江卷)Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm－basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.n.強國4.(全國卷Ⅲ)TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.n.一群動物■一詞多義——根據(jù)語境選出tip的含義A.n.小費B.n.技巧；提示C.n.尖端D.vt.付小費E.vi.傾斜1.(2020·浙江1月卷)Withtheboxtippingover，outcamethelittleone，whowasnotshyandinstantlygotfamiliarwithPoppy.E2.(2020·江蘇卷)SoIthoughtitwouldbeusefultoincludesomehumortipsforeverydaylife.B3.Sorry，yournameisjustonthetipofmytongue.C4.AfterIhadmyhaircut，Igavethehairdresseratip.A5.Shetippedthewaitertwodollarsforhisexcellentservice.D人與社會——社會服務(wù)與人際溝通用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識完成作文假設(shè)你是李華，你的朋友Tom來信說因和朋友產(chǎn)生分歧而感到不快。請你給他回信，內(nèi)容包括：1.表示理解并給予安慰；2.提出具體的建議。DearTom，Learningthatyouandyourfriendhavehadaseriesofdisagreements，1.I’m__concerned__about__it(我對此感到擔(dān)心).However，2.there__is__no__need__for__you__to__get__upset(沒有必要難過)，aspeopleoftenhavedifferentviewsonthings，whichcanleadtodisagreements.Tobeginwith，3.you__should__calm__down__to__get__the__disagreements__settled(你應(yīng)該平靜下來解決這些分歧).Secondly，4.whenever__possible(無論何時可能的話)，communicatingwithhimfacetofaceisagreatwaytoclearupthemisunderstandingbetweenyou.AsfarasI’mconcerned，itisputtingyourselfintohisshoesthat5.can__help__you__get__along__well__with__your__friend(有助于與你的朋友相處融洽).Ihopeyouwillfindmytipshelpfulandwishyouahappiertimeatschool.Yours，LiHua

Part4配餐式作業(yè)——高考題型精準(zhǔn)練(限時30分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2022·東北三校二模)ItisnotrareinChinathatmanyseniorstakeadvantageoftheirretirementyearstopleasetheirgrandchildren.Somearegoodatsugarfigureblowingart—themakerusessugarasitsbasicmaterialtoboilandblowintovariousfigures.Somecanweave，usingeventhemostunexpectedmaterialssuchasleaves，andsomeexcelincarpentry，usingwoodtocarvelifelikedollsandtoys.In2020，inasmallvillageinFujianprovince，one－and－a－h(huán)alf－year－oldDandanbecamethemostenviablechild.Hisgrandfathermadeawooden“mantiscart(螳螂車)”forhim.Thewoodencomponentsonbothsidesofthecartwouldriseandfallwiththewheels，resemblingamantis.This__one－of－a－kind__toywasfilmedbythechild’sparentsandpostedonline，immediatelyarousingcuriosity.Thegrandfather，LiShishui，whohadbeenacarpenterformorethan50years，retiredin2018.Inhissparetime，hepicksuphisoldcraftsmanshipandusesthescrap(廢料)woodfromhisoldhousetomakethe“mantiscart”withlonglegs.Healsomakespurewoodentoyssuchasrobots，birdsandevenan“IronMan”.WhenDandangoesoutinthe“mantiscart”，itneverfailstoturnheadsandmakethechildrenoftheneighborsnextdoorshoutandcrytotheirparentsforonetoo.Fullofchildlikefun，fatherlyloveanddelicatedesign，thewoodentoy，notmerelycatchestheheartofchildreninhisneighborhood，somenetizensalsoexpresstheirenvyafterwatchingonlinevideos.“Iwantagrandpalikehimtoo.”“Doesthegrandpawantagranddaughter？”Somealsorecollectthatalthoughtheirgrandfatherisnotacarpenter，thesevideoshavebroughtbacktheirfondmemories—whentheywereyoung，theirgrandfatheralsomadesomegadgets(小器具)forthem.Therefore，manybelieve，parentsshouldstresstheimportanceoftheeducationoftheirchildren’sinterpersonalcommunicationskillsatanearlyage.Childrenwhogrowupintheloveoftheirelderscanexpecttobemorebrave，positive，optimisticandconfidentthanotherchildren.【語篇解讀】本文是新聞報道。文章報道了福建的木匠爺爺李石水給他孫子做的螳螂車受到了廣泛好評。作者借此表述了長輩的關(guān)愛對孩子健康成長的重要性。1.Whatdoestheauthormeanbytheunderlinedpart“Thisone－of－a－kindtoy”？A.Thetoyishard－won.B.Thetoyisspeciallymade.C.Thetoyisofhighquality.D.ThetoyistheonlyonemadebyGrandpaLi.答案B[詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分所在句的上句可知，這個螳螂車兩邊的木制部分會隨著車輪上升下落，像一只螳螂。由此可推知，畫線部分意為“這個玩具是特殊制作的”。]2.Whichofthefollowingisrightaboutthe“mantiscart”？A.Allthecomponentsofitaremadeofexpensivewood.B.Itsonlinevideoswerenotimmediatelyaccepted.C.Itsinsect－likefeaturesattractbothchildrenandadults.D.Itwashand－madebyGrandpaLi，acraftsmanofsugarfigures.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句中的“thewoodentoy，notmerelycatches...somenetizensalsoexpresstheirenvy”可知，這個螳螂車既吸引了孩子，也吸引了成年人。]3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Muchimportanceshouldbeattachedtochildren’sbehavior.B.Childrenundertheloveoftheireldersmayhavebetterpersonalities.C.SomenetizensenvyDandanastheirgrandparentsarenotcarpenters.D.SomechildrenoftheneighborscryasDandandoesn’tsharethetoywiththem.答案B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句可知，在長輩的關(guān)愛下長大的孩子，會比其他孩子更勇敢、積極、樂觀和自信。由此可推知，在長輩關(guān)愛下長大的孩子可能會有更好的個性。]4.Whichsectionofawebpagecanthispassagebetakenfrom?A.Fashion. B.Entertainment.C.Lifestyle. D.Transportation.答案C[推理判斷題。本文主要講了中國許多老年人退休后的生活。通過福建木匠李爺爺給他孫子做螳螂車的事例，以小見大，展現(xiàn)了退休老人獨特的生活方式。故文章應(yīng)該摘自網(wǎng)頁上生活方式那一欄。]【詞匯積累】1.takeadvantageof利用2.excel/?k'sel/v.擅長3.lifelikeadj.逼真的，生動的4.arousev.引起5.recollectv.記起，回憶起，記得6.turnheads吸引眼球，引人矚目B(2022·南通市高三第一次調(diào)研)Thereismorethatcomeswitholderagethangreyinghairandwrinkledskin.Whenhumansreachtheirlateryears，theyfavourmoreestablishedfriendsandtheirsocialcirclesarereduced.Now，forwhatappearstobethefirsttime，scientistshaveseenthesamebehaviourinanotherspecies.Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees(黑猩猩)revealthatoldermaleschoosetohangoutwiththeirlong－termfriendsattheexpenseofotherrelationships.Theresearchersstudied78，000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016thatfollowedthesocialinteractionsof21malechimpanzeesbetweentheagesof15and58yearsold.Theyclassifiedthechimps’relationshipsdependingontheamountoftimetheysatwithothersandgroomedthem.Theythenratedthevariouspairingsasmutual(相互的)friendships，wherebothchimpsseemedtoenjoytherelationship；one－sidedfriendships，whereonechimpwasmorekeentobeafriendthantheother；andnon－friendships，whereneitherchimpshowedinterestintheother.Whenthescientistslookedatthepatternsoffriendships，theyfoundthattheolderchimpshadmoremutualfriendshipsandfewerone－sidedfriendshipsthanyoungerchimps.Anotherfeatureseeninolderhumanswasalsospottedinthechimps.Asthemalesgotolder，theirlevelsofaggression(挑釁)tailedoff，meaningtheystartedfewerfightsandtendedtointimidateothersintheirgrouplessoften.Theobservationshavelefttheresearcherspuzzled.Accordingtoanideainpsychologyknownassocioemotionalselectivitytheory，orSST，olderhumansprefermorepositiverelationshipsbecausetheyareawaretimeisrunningout.Butmanyanimalexpertsarguethatchimpanzeeslackthehumansenseofmortality，suggestingsomethingelseisdrivingthebehaviour.RobinDunbar，aprofessorofevolutionarypsychologyattheUniversityofOxford，saidinhumans，thedeclineinsocialcircleswithageisduetothedecliningsocialmotivationtogetoutandmeetpeoplecombinedwithlackofopportunity.Inchimpanzees，asoldermalescompetelessformates，theymayfocusonclosereciprocalrelationshipswithtrustedpartners，Robinsaid.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文?？茖W(xué)家們通過研究1996年至2016年間對猩猩的觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)，年老的黑猩猩與晚年的人類有類似之處：他們更喜歡與老朋友交往、交際圈也變小了。5.Whatdooldermalechimpanzeesfavour?A.Oldfriendships. B.Newbonds.C.Greyinghair. D.Wrinkledskin.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees(黑猩猩)...attheexpenseofotherrelationships”可知，年老的黑猩猩更喜歡與老朋友交往。]6.Howdidtheresearchersdrawtheirconclusionaboutchimpanzees?A.Byturningtootherscientists.B.Byintroducinganewconcept.C.Byformingrelationshipswiththem.D.Byanalyzingabouttwodecades’observations.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theresearchersstudied78，000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016”可知，研究者們是通過分析約20年的觀察得出結(jié)論的。]7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidate”inParagraph4mean?A.Threaten. B.Motivate.C.Defend. D.Accompany.答案A[詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文中的“theirlevelsofaggression(挑釁)tailedoff，meaningtheystartedfewerfights”可推知，此處表示“威脅團體中的他人這種行為不經(jīng)常發(fā)生了”。]8.AccordingtoRobinDunbar，whataccountsfordecliningsocialcirclesinchimpanzees?A.Awarenessoftime.B.Lesscompetitionformates.C.Lowmotivationforsocialization.D.Lackofthehumansenseofmortality.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Inchimpanzees，asoldermalescompetelessformates，theymayfocusonclosereciprocalrelationshipswithtrustedpartners”可知，年老的黑猩猩更少地為伴侶而競爭，他們可能專注于信任的伙伴間的親近的、互惠的關(guān)系。]【詞匯積累】1.reveal/r?'vi?l/vt.顯示；透露；揭露2classify/'kl?s?fa?/vt.將……分類3.tailoff變得越來越小(或弱)；逐漸消失4.argue熟義：vt.爭論，爭辯生義：vt.主張，認(rèn)為Ⅱ.完形填空(2022·洛陽市第三次統(tǒng)一考試)GraceBrownleadsabusyschoollife.Apartfromthemany__1__subjects,the14－year－oldalsosingsinachoirandplaysthepiano.Theschoolday__2__from8a.m.to4p.m.,butGracehassomany__3__toattendthatshehasno__4__forP.E.classes.That’swhyGracehaschosentotake“virtual”P.E.classesinher__5__time.Herschoolhasallowedhertotry“virtual”P.E.classes.Formanysubjects,testsandtextbookshavebecome__6__oncomputers.Now,new__7__arealsohavinganeffectonP.E.classes.GracewearsafitnesstrackercalledFitbitonherarmwhile__8__.SheusuallyhasherP.E.classesthreetimesaweekfor30minuteseachtime.Aprogramonhercomputer__9__heractivity.Graceneedsto__10__thedataofherperformancetoherschooleveryweek.The“virtual”P.E.classisbecomingmoreandmore__11__amongpeople,especiallyteenagers.__12__，P.E.teachersdon’tguidetheirFitbit－wearingstudentsinrealtime.Buttheydoleadthestudentsworkby__13__goals.Thestudentscanchoosetheir__14__activities.Thosewhoswimordanceallyearroundmayeasily__15__theworkoutrequirements.AsforGrace,shehas__16__joggingandcyclingtoherdays.Someschools,however,donotsupportthis__17__.“Physicalactivityisdifferentfromphysical__18__，”saidaP.E.teacher.“Physicalactivityisgreatforthe__19__.Everybodyismoving.ButinP.E.classes,studentsaretaughtnotonly