大學(xué)管理專業(yè)英語期末復(fù)習(xí)資料引言本復(fù)習(xí)資料旨在幫助同學(xué)們系統(tǒng)梳理大學(xué)管理專業(yè)英語課程中的核心概念、關(guān)鍵術(shù)語及重要理論框架，為期末考試做好充分準備。資料內(nèi)容力求精煉且貼近專業(yè)實際，涵蓋管理學(xué)多個核心領(lǐng)域，希望能助你鞏固知識、提升專業(yè)英語應(yīng)用能力。請結(jié)合課堂筆記、教材及相關(guān)閱讀材料一同復(fù)習(xí)，效果更佳。一、管理學(xué)原理(FundamentalsofManagement)1.1管理的定義與職能(DefinitionandFunctionsofManagement)*FourBasicFunctionsofManagement:*Planning(計劃):Settinggoals,establishingstrategies,anddevelopingplanstocoordinateactivities.1.2經(jīng)典管理理論(ClassicalManagementTheories)*ScientificManagement(科學(xué)管理):AssociatedwithFrederickWinslowTaylor.Focusedonimprovingeconomicefficiency,especiallylaborproductivity.Keyprinciplesincludedstudyingworkmethodstofindthe"onebestway,"selectingandtrainingworkersscientifically,andensuringcooperationbetweenworkersandmanagement.1.3現(xiàn)代管理理論視角(ModernManagementPerspectives)*OrganizationalBehavior(組織行為學(xué)):Focusesonthebehaviorofindividualsandgroupswithinorganizations.Itdrawsfrompsychology,sociology,anthropology,andothersocialsciencestounderstandemployeemotivation,leadership,teamdynamics,andorganizationalculture.二、組織行為學(xué)(OrganizationalBehavior)2.1個體行為基礎(chǔ)(FoundationsofIndividualBehavior)*Perception(知覺):Theprocessbywhichindividualsorganizeandinterprettheirsensoryimpressionstogivemeaningtotheirenvironment.Factorsinfluencingperceptionincludetheperceiver,thetarget,andthesituation.*Motivation(動機):Theprocessesthataccountforanindividual'sintensity,direction,andpersistenceofefforttowardattainingagoal.TheoriesincludeMaslow'sHierarchyofNeeds,Herzberg'sTwo-FactorTheory(MotivatorsandHygieneFactors),ExpectancyTheory,andEquityTheory.2.2群體與團隊(GroupsandTeams)*Team(團隊):Atypeofgroupthatisinterdependent,hassharedgoals,andworkscollectivelytoachievethosegoals.Typesincludeproblem-solvingteams,self-managedworkteams,cross-functionalteams,andvirtualteams.2.3組織結(jié)構(gòu)與文化(OrganizationalStructureandCulture)*OrganizationalCulture(組織文化):Thesharedvalues,principles,traditions,andwaysofdoingthingsthatinfluencethewayorganizationalmembersact.Itcanbestrongorweakandinfluencesemployeebehaviorandorganizationalperformance.三、戰(zhàn)略管理(StrategicManagement)3.1戰(zhàn)略的層次(LevelsofStrategy)*Functional-LevelStrategy(職能層戰(zhàn)略):Strategiesimplementedbyeachfunctionalarea(marketing,finance,operations,HR,etc.)tosupportthebusiness-levelstrategy.3.2戰(zhàn)略分析工具(StrategicAnalysisTools)*SWOTAnalysis:Anevaluationofanorganization'sStrengths,Weaknesses(internalfactors),Opportunities,andThreats(externalfactors).*PESTELAnalysis:Aframeworkforanalyzingthemacro-environmentalfactors:Political,Economic,Social,Technological,Environmental,andLegal.四、市場營銷(Marketing)4.1市場營銷概念(MarketingConcepts)*MarketingMix(營銷組合-4Ps):Product,Price,Place(Distribution),Promotion.Thisrepresentsthesetoftacticalmarketingtoolsthatafirmblendstoproducetheresponseitwantsinthetargetmarket.4.2消費者行為(ConsumerBehavior)*ConsumerBuyingBehavior:Thebuyingbehavioroffinalconsumers–individualsandhouseholdswhobuygoodsandservicesforpersonalconsumption.*FactorsInfluencingConsumerBehavior:Cultural(culture,subculture,socialclass),Social(referencegroups,family,rolesandstatuses),Personal(ageandlife-cyclestage,occupation,economicsituation,lifestyle,personalityandself-concept),andPsychological(motivation,perception,learning,beliefsandattitudes).五、人力資源管理(HumanResourceManagement)5.1HRM核心職能(CoreHRMFunctions)*HumanResourcePlanning(人力資源規(guī)劃):Theprocessofforecastinganorganization'sfuture人力資源需求anddetermininghowtomeetthoseneeds.*RecruitmentandSelection(招聘與選拔):Recruitmentistheprocessofidentifyingandattractingqualifiedcandidates.Selectionistheprocessofchoosingthebest-qualifiedcandidatefromthepoolofapplicants.*TrainingandDevelopment(培訓(xùn)與發(fā)展):Trainingfocusesonteachingemployeesspecificskillsfortheircurrentjobs.Developmentfocusesonpreparingemployeesforfuturerolesandresponsibilities.*PerformanceManagement(績效管理):Theprocessofsettingperformanceexpectations,monitoringperformance,providingfeedback,andrewardingperformancetoensurethatemployeesarecontributingeffectivelytoorganizationalgoals.六、運營管理與數(shù)據(jù)分析(OperationsManagementandDataAnalysis)6.1運營管理基礎(chǔ)(FoundationsofOperationsManagement)*OperationsManagement(運營管理):Themanagementofprocessesthattransforminputsintogoodsandservices.Itinvolvesplanning,organizing,andcontrollingtheproductionanddeliveryofproductsandservices.*SupplyChainManagement(供應(yīng)鏈管理):Themanagementoftheflowofgoods,services,andinformationfromrawmaterialsuppliersthroughtotheendcustomer.*QualityManagement(質(zhì)量管理):Ensuringthatproductsandservicesmeetorexceedcustomerexpectations.ApproachesincludeTotalQualityManagement(TQM),SixSigma,andLeanManufacturing/Thinking.6.2基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)分析概念(BasicDataAnalysisConcepts)*Datavs.Information:Dataarerawfacts;informationisprocesseddatathatismeaningfulanduseful.*KeyPerformanceIndicators(KPIs):Quantifiablemetricsusedtoevaluatethesuccessofanorganization,department,project,orindividualinachievingkeybusinessobjectives.*DescriptiveStatistics:Methods