英語(yǔ)常用短語(yǔ)用法詳解及練習(xí)題在英語(yǔ)的廣闊天地中，短語(yǔ)猶如靈動(dòng)的音符，它們并非單詞的簡(jiǎn)單堆砌，而是承載著特定含義與功能的語(yǔ)言模塊。能否準(zhǔn)確理解和靈活運(yùn)用這些短語(yǔ)，直接關(guān)系到我們語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的地道性與流暢度。許多學(xué)習(xí)者在面對(duì)看似簡(jiǎn)單的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常因一詞多義或搭配差異而感到困惑。本文將聚焦英語(yǔ)中一些核心且常用的短語(yǔ)，深入剖析其用法，并輔以針對(duì)性練習(xí)，助您掃清學(xué)習(xí)障礙，真正掌握這些語(yǔ)言“利器”。一、常用短語(yǔ)用法詳解短語(yǔ)的種類(lèi)繁多，包括動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞短語(yǔ)等。其中，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)因其搭配靈活、含義豐富而成為學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。以下我們將選取幾組使用頻率極高且容易混淆的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行詳解。（一）Take相關(guān)短語(yǔ)1.takeoff*含義1：（飛機(jī)等）起飛**Theplaneisscheduledtotakeoffat9AM.*(飛機(jī)定于上午九點(diǎn)起飛。)*含義2：脫下（衣物、鞋帽等）**Pleasetakeoffyourshoesbeforeenteringthehouse.*(進(jìn)房前請(qǐng)脫鞋。)*含義3：（事業(yè)、產(chǎn)品等）突然成功，開(kāi)始走紅**Hercareerreallytookoffafterthataward-winningperformance.*(在那場(chǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)演出之后，她的事業(yè)真正起飛了。)2.takeon*含義1：承擔(dān)（責(zé)任、工作等）**Shetookontheadditionalresponsibilityofmanagingtheproject.*(她承擔(dān)了管理這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的額外責(zé)任。)*含義2：雇傭，錄用*含義3：呈現(xiàn)（某種性質(zhì)、面貌）**Thesituationbegantotakeonamoreserioustone.*(局勢(shì)開(kāi)始呈現(xiàn)出更嚴(yán)峻的態(tài)勢(shì)。)3.takeup*含義1：開(kāi)始從事（某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)或愛(ài)好）**Hetookuppaintinginhisretirement.*(他退休后開(kāi)始畫(huà)畫(huà)。)*含義2：占據(jù)（時(shí)間、空間）**Thistabletakesuptoomuchspaceinthesmallkitchen.*(這張桌子在小廚房里占了太多空間。)*含義3：拿起（某物），繼續(xù)（未完成的事）**Shetookupthephoneanddialedhisnumber.*(她拿起電話，撥通了他的號(hào)碼。)（二）Make相關(guān)短語(yǔ)1.makeup*含義1：編造（故事、謊言等）**Hemadeupanexcuseforbeinglate.*(他為遲到編造了一個(gè)借口。)*含義2：組成，構(gòu)成**Womenmakeup56%ofthestudentpopulationinthisuniversity.*(女生占這所大學(xué)學(xué)生總數(shù)的56%。)*含義3：彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償**Ineedtomakeupforthelosttimebyworkingextrahours.*(我需要加班來(lái)彌補(bǔ)失去的時(shí)間。)*含義4：和好，和解**Theyquarreledyesterdaybutmadeupthismorning.*(他們昨天吵架了，但今天早上和好了。)2.makeout*含義1：辨認(rèn)出，看出（尤指在困難情況下）**Icouldbarelymakeoutthesigninthefog.*(在霧中我?guī)缀蹩床磺迥莻€(gè)招牌。)*含義2：理解，明白**Canyoumakeoutwhatshe'stryingtosay?*(你能明白她想說(shuō)什么嗎？)*含義3：填寫(xiě)（表格等）**Pleasemakeoutacheckforthetotalamount.*(請(qǐng)?zhí)顚?xiě)一張總額的支票。)3.makesure*含義：確保，設(shè)法保證**Makesureyoulockthedoorbeforeleaving.*(離開(kāi)前務(wù)必鎖好門(mén)。)（三）Get相關(guān)短語(yǔ)1.getalongwith*含義：與……和睦相處；進(jìn)展**Shegetsalongwellwithhercolleagues.*(她和同事們相處融洽。)**Howareyougettingalongwithyournewproject?*(你的新項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展如何？)2.getover*含義1：克服（困難、疾病、悲傷等）**Ittookheralongtimetogetoverherillness.*(她花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才從疾病中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。)**Hecan'tgetoverthefactthathefailedtheexam.*(他無(wú)法接受考試不及格的事實(shí)。)*含義2：從……上面越過(guò)**Thehorsejumpedandgotoverthefence.*(那匹馬跳了過(guò)去，越過(guò)了柵欄。)3.getthrough*含義1：（電話）接通**Itriedcallinghimseveraltimes,butIcouldn'tgetthrough.*(我給他打了好幾次電話，但都沒(méi)接通。)*含義2：完成（工作、任務(wù)等）；度過(guò)（困難時(shí)期）**Ihavealotofworktogetthroughtoday.*(我今天有很多工作要完成。)**We'llgetthroughthiscrisistogether.*(我們將一起度過(guò)這個(gè)危機(jī)。)（四）Look相關(guān)短語(yǔ)1.lookforwardto*含義：期待，盼望（to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞）**I'mlookingforwardtothesummervacation.*(我期待著暑假。)**Wearelookingforwardtomeetingyousoon.*(我們期待著很快與您見(jiàn)面。)2.lookup*含義1：查閱（詞典、資料等）**Ifyoudon'tknowtheword,lookitupinthedictionary.*(如果你不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)單詞，就查字典。)*含義2：向上看**Helookedupandsawabirdflyinginthesky.*(他抬頭看到一只鳥(niǎo)在空中飛。)*含義3：（形勢(shì)、某人的運(yùn)氣等）好轉(zhuǎn)**Thingsarestartingtolookupforus.*(我們的情況開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn)了。)3.lookafter*含義：照顧，照料**CouldyoulookaftermydogwhileI'maway?*(我不在的時(shí)候你能幫我照看一下我的狗嗎？)**Shespendsalotoftimelookingafterherelderlyparents.*(她花很多時(shí)間照顧年邁的父母。)（五）Put相關(guān)短語(yǔ)1.putoff*含義：推遲，延期**ThemeetinghasbeenputoffuntilnextMonday.*(會(huì)議已推遲到下周一。)**Don'tputoffdoingyourhomeworkuntilthelastminute.*(不要把作業(yè)拖到最后一刻才做。)2.putupwith*含義：忍受，容忍（尤指令人不快的事物）**Shehastoputupwithalotofnoisefromtheconstructionsite.*(她不得不忍受建筑工地的大量噪音。)3.putdown*含義1：放下；寫(xiě)下，記下**Heputdownhisbookandstoodup.*(他放下書(shū)站了起來(lái)。)**Pleaseputdownyournameandaddresshere.*(請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@里寫(xiě)下你的姓名和地址。)*含義2：鎮(zhèn)壓，平定**Thearmywassentintoputdowntherebellion.*(軍隊(duì)被派去鎮(zhèn)壓叛亂。)（此義項(xiàng)使用頻率相對(duì)較低，但需了解）二、練習(xí)題Exercise1:Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatephrasesfromthelistbelow.Changetheformifnecessary.*takeoff,makeup,getalongwith,lookforwardto,putoff,getover,makesure,lookup,takeon,putupwith1.Shefindsithardto_______thenoisefromherneighbors.2.Theplane_______anhourlateduetobadweather.3.Aftertheaccident,ittookhimalongtimeto_______hisfearofdriving.4.Canyou_______themeaningofthiswordinthedictionaryforme?5.Theydecidedto_______thepartybecauseseveralguestswereill.6.I'mreally_______seeingyouagainnextmonth.8.He_______astoryabouthisadventuresinAfrica,whichnobodybelieved.9._______youturnoffallthelightsbeforeyougotobed.10.Despitetheirdifferences,they_______eachotherquitewell.1.Ican't_______whathe'ssaying;hisaccentistoostrong.a)makeoutb)makeupc)makesure2.Shehasto_______theresponsibilityofcaringforheryoungersiblings.a)takeupb)takeonc)takeoff3.Howdoyou_______yournewclassmates?a)getoverb)getthroughc)getalongwith4.Ineedto_______thisreportbytheendoftheday.a)getthroughb)getalongwithc)getover5.Theteamis_______offiveexperiencedplayersandthreenewones.a)madeoutb)madeupc)madesureExercise3:Rewritetheunderlinedpartsusingasuitablephrasefromtheoneswe'velearned.1.Sheistryingtorecoverfromhercoldbeforethetrip.2.Pleaseensurethatallthewindowsareclosed.3.Hestartedlearningtheguitarlastyear.(Use"takeup")4.Ican'ttoleratethisterribleweatheranylonger.5.Wehadtopostponeourtripbecauseoftheheavyrain.三、參考答案及解析Exercise1:1.putupwith(她發(fā)現(xiàn)很難忍受鄰居的噪音。)2.tookoff(由于天氣惡劣，飛機(jī)晚點(diǎn)一個(gè)小時(shí)起飛。)3.getover(事故后，他花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才克服開(kāi)車(chē)的恐懼。)4.lookup(你能幫我查一下這個(gè)詞在字典里的意思嗎？)5.putoff(因?yàn)閹孜豢腿瞬×?，他們決定推遲聚會(huì)。)6.lookingforwardto(我非常期待下個(gè)月再次見(jiàn)到你。)7.takeon(公司計(jì)劃雇傭更多員工來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)增加的工作量。)8.madeup(他編造了一個(gè)關(guān)于他在非洲冒險(xiǎn)的故事，沒(méi)人相信。)9.Makesure(睡覺(jué)前務(wù)必關(guān)掉所有的燈。)10.getalong