Unit10Argumentation單擊輸入您的封面副標(biāo)題Contents10.1Whatisargumentation?10.2Characteristicsofgoodargumentativeessays10.2.1Accomodatingyourreaders’views10.2.2Aneffectivethesisstatement10.2.3Providingsolidevidence10.3Howtoorganizeyourargumentativeessay10.1Whatisargumentation?Someterms:refute駁斥(p.173)claim斷言(p.173)argument理由，論據(jù)(p.174)controversy;conflictingviewpoints;opposingviewlogicalfallacy邏輯謬誤(p.176)rebuttal,rebut反駁(p.179)opposingargument反方觀點(diǎn)(p.182)Sample1ToLieorNottoLie?-TheDoctor’sDilemma(p.175)

Questions:1.Whatissueisdiscussedintheessay?Whatisthecontroversysurroundingtheissue?2.Atwhatpointdoestheauthorstateherthesis?Isitdebatable?3.Doestheauthorsummarizeandrefutetheopposingarguments?Whatarethey?4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthisessay?Doestheauthoraimtoconvincereaderstoadoptherviewpointordoesshehopetospurthemtoaction?5.Whatevidencedoestheauthorprovidetosupportherposition?Locatetheevidence.6.Doestheevidenceeffectivelysupporttheauthor’sviewpoint?10.2Characteristicsofgoodargumentativeessays10.2.1Accomodatingyourreaders’viewsRogerianstrategy:-Introducetheopposingviewpoint-Concedeitslegitimacy(optional)-Refutetheopposingviewbyshowingitslimitations-ReferbacktoyourpositionandpresentadditionalevidencetosupportitSample2CharterSchoolsandPublicSchoolsQuestion:HowdoestheauthormakeuseoftheRogerianstrategywhenaddressingapposingviewpoints?Consessionsignals:admittedly,indeed,indisputably,undoubtedly,unquestionablyItistruethat....,Itispossiblethat…,Itmustbeadmittedthat…,Itmaywellbethat…,Thereisnodenyingthat…,Thereisnodoubtthat…,Iconcedethat…,Whileweacknowledgethat…Contrastingsignals:albeit,although,eventhough,however,inspiteof,nevertheless,nonetheless,notwithstanding,while,yetTask1(p.181)Answerstoquestions:1.Artificialintelligencewillnotleadtotheextinctionofhumanrace.2.Artificialintelligencewouldleadtotheextinctionofhumanrace.3.Theauthorusedtheword“misbelief”tointroducetheopposingviewwhichmayalienatethosereaderswhoareinlinewiththisview.Onepossiblerevisionistochangetheword“misbelief”to“belief”.4.Yes,theauthoracknowledgedthemeritoftheopposingviewpointandpresentedevidencetotheexampleofAlphaGotosupportit.5.Yes,theauthorpointedoutthefallacyoftheopposingview.6.Yes,theauthorprovidedthreereasonstosupporthisownargument.Firstandforemost,humans’brainsaremorecomplicatedthanartificialintelligence.Secondly,emotionsandourownimpulsesometimescandriveustodosomeirrationalthings.Thirdly,artificialintelligence,inessence,ismerelyatoolanditsactionsdependontheusers.7.Indeed,however,firstandforemost,secondly,thirdly10.2.2Aneffectivethesisstatement-Debatable（Task3）-NarrowandspecificTask3(p.183)KeystoTask3

1.D;

2.D;

3.F;

4.D;

5.F;

6.D;

7.D;

8.DTask4(p.184)KeystoTask4

1.B;

2.C;

3.B;

4.A;

5.C10.3HowtoorganizeyourargumentativeessayIntroductionBodySub-claim1TopicsentenceSupportingevidenceSub-claim2TopicsentenceSupportingevidenceSub-claim3TopicsentenceSupportingevidenceConclusionIntroductionBodyAddressingtheopposingviewpointsIntroducingtheopposingviews;Acknowledgingitsplausibility;RefutingtheoppositionPresentingyoursub-claim1TopicsentenceSupportingevidencePresentingyoursub-claim2TopicsentenceSupportingevidenceConclusionIntroductionBodyPresentingyoursub-claim1TopicsentenceSupportingevidenceP