2023年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)+基本能力雙清

閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題解讀

【題型解讀】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。它們大都是根據(jù)文章中的具體信

息如事實(shí)、例證、原因、過程、論述等進(jìn)行提問的。有些問題可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些則需要我

們?cè)诶斫獾幕A(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計(jì)算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。

常見的命題方式通常有：

1.特殊疑問句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,hownuich/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題；

2.以是非題的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT,近年這種題型較少；

3.以Accordingto…開頭提問方式：

4.以填空題的形式，如：

(1)Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised.

(2)Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeans(hat.

(3)Itseems(hatnowacountry'seconomydependsmuchon.

(4)Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople'slifewillbe,youmayvisit.

(5)Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat.

(6)Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening'toRollswantedto.

5.就文中數(shù)字、排序、識(shí)圖等提問。

做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，大多數(shù)學(xué)生易出現(xiàn)的問題是閱讀速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速閱讀技巧，考生要培養(yǎng)

自己快速獲取信息的能力。解答此類試題時(shí)，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而常?？刹扇　皫е鴨栴}找答案”的方法.先

從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語。然后以此為線索。要快速地辨認(rèn)和記憶事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用略讀及查

讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語句.仔細(xì)品味，對(duì)照比較.確定答案。除了運(yùn)用掃讀

法(scanning)外，還可以兼用排除法.將“無此細(xì)節(jié)”和“與此細(xì)節(jié)相反”的選項(xiàng)排除。

了解細(xì)節(jié)題干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)也有助于考生提高答題的正確承。一般情況下，干擾項(xiàng)有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

(1)是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容；(2)符合常識(shí)，但不是文章內(nèi)容；(3)與原文的內(nèi)容極其相

似，只是在程度.上有些變動(dòng)：(4)在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反；(5)部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。

有的細(xì)節(jié)理解題只要直接辨認(rèn)不要求讀者對(duì)客觀的事實(shí)作巴解釋或判斷，只要求從閱讀材料中直接獲

取信息。同時(shí)還要求讀者記住重要細(xì)節(jié)，在必要的時(shí)候（做判斷、推斷或結(jié)論的時(shí)候）能夠準(zhǔn)確而迅速地

將他們回憶起來。解此類題要求考生快速抓住原文中的關(guān)鍵信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案與原

文中的語句并非?模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)相同的意思。有的細(xì)節(jié)理解題就需要通過有

關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換。利用主要事實(shí)、圖表、圖形來獲取信息，然后利用因果、類比、時(shí)間、空間等關(guān)系

將零碎的細(xì)節(jié)經(jīng)過一系列加工、整理，方能做出正確的判斷.此類試題在高考中占大多數(shù)。值得一提的是，

有時(shí)原文中的信息可能只是一個(gè)短語，甚至一個(gè)單詞，因此需要我們?cè)陂喿x中特別仔細(xì)才能捕捉到真正有

用的信息。

【解答攻略】

一、點(diǎn)式細(xì)節(jié)理解題

式細(xì)節(jié)理解題答案可以在原文中找到，考生i般可以通過讀原文中的某句話或某個(gè)詞語便能得出答案，

此類題屬于低層次題。解答點(diǎn)式細(xì)節(jié)理解題，采取“先題后文，題干定位法”，即從問題中抓關(guān)鍵詞（題眼），

運(yùn)用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與題下相吻合的關(guān)鍵詞或與關(guān)鍵信息相關(guān)的段落，仔細(xì)推敲，最

后確定答案。

1.直接信息題：一般能在文中直接找到明確的信息，往往只考查文章中的個(gè)別事實(shí)，通常只涉及原文

一兩句話的信息。

【典型例題】（2020.全國卷I閱讀A）

AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticket

information,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.

WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeof

connectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.

21.Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?

A.Call131617.

B.Visittranslink.au.

C.Askatthelocalstation.

D.Checkthetrainschedule.

【分析】

?第一步找關(guān)鍵詞：ticketinfonnation

.第二步定位到原文：在原文中定位原詞ticketinformation,確定關(guān)鍵句為第一段的第二句"Forticket

information,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.”。

?第三步比對(duì)選項(xiàng)：想要獲得票務(wù)信息可以咨詢當(dāng)?shù)剀囌尽?/p>

2.間接信息題：一般無法在文中直接找到明確的信息，要求在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行加工或整

理后得出結(jié)論。

【典型例題】（202O全國卷III閱讀D）

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippincs.Thcymadealivingasdivers,

spearfishingorharvestingshellfish/'Weweresonmnzedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthannslocal

islanders,''Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”

34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?

A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.

B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.

C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.

D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.

【分析】

?第?步找關(guān)鍵詞：astonished

.第二步定位到原文：利用同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)確定答案，由關(guān)鍵詞astonished定位文中的“Weweresoamazedthat

theycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders”為信息句，astonished與amazed為同義詞。

?第三步比對(duì)選項(xiàng)：年輕的Jubilado對(duì)巴瑤族人驚訝不已的地方在于他們可以在水下待很長時(shí)間。

3.數(shù)字計(jì)算題：要求考生在原文中找到相關(guān)的數(shù)字信息，再對(duì)相關(guān)的數(shù)字和信息進(jìn)行分析司理解，利用

加、減、乘、除等運(yùn)算方法進(jìn)行計(jì)算，確定答案。

（典型例題】（2018?全國卷HI閱讀A）

VisitorInformation

HowtoGeltoHolker

ByCar：FollowbrownsignsonA590fromJ36,M6.Approximatetraveltimes：Windermere-20minutes,

Kendal-25minutes,Lancaster~45minutes,Manchester-Ihour30minutes.

ByRail：TheneareststationisCark-in—CartmelwithtrainstoCamforth?LancasterandPrestonforconnections

tomajorcities&airports.

OpeningTimes

Sunday—Friday（closedonSaturday）11：00am—4：00pm,30thMarch—2ndNovember.

AdmissionCharges

【分析】

?第一步分析選項(xiàng)：標(biāo)出選項(xiàng)重要信息詞。

.第二步確定H標(biāo)選項(xiàng)：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)重要信息詞定位到文中第二段中的“Isaid,*Don,tyoufindpartsofit...the

nextgoodpart.'”確定目標(biāo)選項(xiàng)A和C。B和D項(xiàng)未提及。

?第三步逐一對(duì)照：雖然女孩讀的書有些部分有難度，但是女孩在閱讀時(shí)，會(huì)跳過那些晦澀難懂的部分，

選擇容易理解的部分來閱讀。故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，選C項(xiàng)。

對(duì)于一般的多細(xì)節(jié)理解題，雖然不像正誤判斷題一樣逐個(gè)選項(xiàng)與原文排查，但這類題目的答案也是綜

合原文多個(gè)信息得出的，因此也要不厭其煩，認(rèn)真分析，方能得出正確答案。

（典型例題】（2020?全國卷II閱讀B）

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelp

childrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmaihemaiicsdevelopmeminyoungchildrenaitheUniversityofChicago,

foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzlcplaywasfound

tobeasignificantpredictorofcognition（認(rèn)知）aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents,ine,educationandthe

amountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child—parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfound

childrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54

monthsofage.

24.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

A.Buildingconfidence.

B.Developingspatialskills.

C.Learningself-control.

D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.

【分析】

?第一步分析題干：根據(jù)題干定位到childrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay。

.第二步----比對(duì)信息源：由第二段中的“PsychologistSusanLevine...spatialskills.^^及第三段內(nèi)容的信息源，

不厭其煩，一一比對(duì)。

?第三步綜合概括：孩子們通過玩智力游戲可以培養(yǎng)空間技能。故選B.

1

Acpaniedbyherfather,usingabinationofaidandfreeclimbingandtakingadvantageofsomespecial

equipmentandropesforprotection,1OyearoldSelahmadeittothetopofElCapitanonJune12afterfivedaysof

bigwallclimbing.

ClimbingthechallengingandadventurousNoserouteofElCapitanwasalaborofloveforSelahinmorethan

oneway.Herparents,MikeandJoySchneiter,fellinloveonthis3,000plusfoothugerockandshehasalways

wantedtofeelthewaychatherparentsfeltwhentheywereuptheretogether.Selahshowedgreatinterestinrock

climbingatanearlyage.Sheworeherfirstrockclimbingequipmentshortlyaftershelearnedtowalk.Shefirst

dreamedofclimbingElCapitanwhenshewas6or7.

ElCapitanisafamousmounUinsizcdrockinYosemiteNationalPark.Gettingtoitstopisnoeasytask.It's

taller,asreported,thanthetallestbuildingintheworldDubai'sBuriKhalifa.ElCapitananditsdifficvltNoseroute,

whichrunsmorethan3.000feethighupihecenterof(herock'sface,isconsideredoneoftheworld'shardestbig

wallclimbsandhasattractedthebestclimbersover(ime.Bu(neverbeforehadayoungsteracplishedit.

Selah'sachievementcaughtnationalattention.OutsideMagazinecalledhertheyoungestdocumentedperson

toclimbtheNose.KenYager,presidentoftheYosemiteClimbingAssociation,saidhealsocouldn'tthinkof

anyoneyoungerwhohasdoneit.

SelahishumbleaboutherElCapitanacplishment."I'mnotnecessarilyaspecialkidoranythinglikethat,she

said."TherewereafewtimeswhenIwouldbesowornthatitwouldkindofdiscouragemefromholdingon.But

overall,itwasjustgreattokeeppluggingaway.”

Selahsharedthisadviceforotheryoungclimbersdreamingofbigwalls,"Ildoesn'tlakenecessarilyasuper

specialpersontodosomethinglikethat.Youjusthavetoputyourmindtoit.”

1.WhatdowelearnaboutSelahclimbingElCapitan?

A.ShebeganherclimbingonJune5.

B.Shegotinspiredbyherfamilyhistory.

C.Shemanagedwithoutanyexternalhelp.

D.Shewasthefirstfemaletoreachthetop.

2.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph3?

A.TostateElCapitan'sheight.

B.lbproveElCapitan'spopularity.

C.TointroduceElCapitan'slocation.

D.TostressthechallengeofclimbingElCapitan.

3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesSelah?

A.Determined.B.Generous.

C.Warmhearted.D.Fortunate.

4.WhatmaybeSelah'sadviceforotheryoungclimbers?

A.Dreambigandaiinhigh.

B.Bemitiedtoyourambition.

C.Chancefavorsthepreparedmind.

D.Nothingisimpossibleforagenius.

【答案與解析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了10歲的塞拉在父親的陪同下，借助一些特殊設(shè)備和繩索的保護(hù)，

在爬了5天的高墻后，于6月12日登上了埃爾卡皮坦山頂?shù)墓适隆?/p>

1.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句話“Herparents,MikeandJoySchncitcr,fellinloveonthis

3,000plusfoothugerockandshehasalwayswantedtofeelthewaythatherparentsfeltwhentheywereupthere

together."（她的父母，邁克和喬伊?施耐特，在這塊3000多英尺高的巨石上相愛，她一直想感受她的父母一

起在那里時(shí)的感受。）可知，Selah從她的家族史中受到啟發(fā)。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句"ElCapitananditsdifficultNoseroute,whichrunsmorethan

3,000feethighupthecenteroftherock'sface,isconsideredoneoftheworld'shardestbigwallclimbsandhas

attractedthebestclimbersovertime.Butneverbeforehadayoungsteracplishcdit.”（埃爾卡皮坦和它艱難的鼻子

路線，在巖石表面的中心超過3000英尺高，被認(rèn)為是世界上最難爬的高墻之一，長期以來吸引了最好的攀

巖者。但在此之前，從來沒有一個(gè)年輕人能做到這一點(diǎn)。）可知，攀登埃爾卡皮坦是十分艱難的。故選D項(xiàng).

3.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的后兩句"TherewereafewtimeswhenIwouldbesowornthatitwould

kindofdiscouragemefromholdingon.Butoverall,itwasjustgreattokeeppluggingaway."（有JL次，我太疲憊

了，以至于我都不敢堅(jiān)持下去了。但總的來說，堅(jiān)持下去是很棒的。）可知，Selah是卜.定決心的。故選A

項(xiàng)。

4.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后兩句"Ildoesn'ttakenecessarilyasuperspecialpersontodosomething

likethat.Youjusthavetoputyourmindtoil."（做這樣的事并不一定需要一個(gè)特別的人。你只需要用心去做。）

可知，Selah對(duì)年輕人的建議是忠誠于自己的雄心抱負(fù)。故選B項(xiàng)。

2

Therearearound400,000studentsinLondon.Asuniversitycanbeacostlytime,manyofthesestudentswill

wanttolookforparttimework.Hereare4relativelyeasyjobstobagyourselfinLondonandensureabitofpocket

moneythroughyouruniversityexperience.

Waitressing

ItisnothardtofindwaitressingjobssinceLondonhasanabundanceofpubsandeateries.Gumtreeand

Indeedaregoodplacesfbrsuchopportunities.HospitalityUKandNextdoorareothergreatwebsites.However,as

manyofthesepositionsareadvertisedonthewindowsofrestaurantsandpubs,goinginsideandaskingthestaff

thereaboutthepositionsisamuchbetteridea.Thiswillalsodemonstrateyouasactiveandconfident.Ratesarc

around￡1215anhour.

Mystery（神秘；）shopping

Itmaynothaveyoulaughingtothebankbutit'sextrapocketmoney.Yougoatanytimeasaregularcustomer

andcheckoultheservices（hatthebusinessprovides.Youreportbacktotheclientandtheywillpayfbryour

purchasesalongside￡5—10.

CareAssistant

Forthosewhohaveaheartofgoldandwanttohelp,caringistheway.There'sahugedemandforpeopleto

spendyourfreetimewithelderlypeopleorhelppeoplewithdisabilities.Itcanbecookingmealsormakingsure

they'retakingtheirmedicineontime.

Receptionist

Ifyou'reagoodmunicatorandcanactprofessionally,areceptionistmightbeagreatopportunityforyou,

whichwillhelpyoubuildadministrativeskillsandexperience.Receptionistjobsareavailableatdoctorssurgeries,

demists,gyms,largeofficesandmore.

5.Whichisthepreferablewaytolandawaitressingjob?

A.ReferringtoGumtree.B.SurfingNextdoor.

C.Inquiringaboutpositionsinperson,D.Contactingadvertisementpany.

6.Whatdocsamysteryshopperneedtodo?

A.Amusingbankstaff.B.Workingatfixedtimes.

C.Makingpurchasesforclients,D.Feedingbackservicequality.

7.Whichjobhelpsdevelopyouradministrativeskills?

A.Waitressing.B.Mysteryshopping.

C.CareAssistant.D.Receptionist.

【答案與解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了大學(xué)生4種大學(xué)生的兼職工作。

5.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的第四句話“However,asmanyofthesepositionsareadvertisedonthe

windowsofrestaurantsandpubs,goinginsideandaskingthestaffthereaboutthepositionsisamuchbetteridea.”

（然而，由于許多這樣的職位都是貼在餐館和酒吧的櫥窗上的廣告，所以進(jìn)去詢問那里的工作人員是一個(gè)

更好的主意。）可知，親自詢問職位是找一份服務(wù)員職位最好的方法。故選C項(xiàng)。

6.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句"Yougoatanytimeasaregularcustomerandcheckouttheservices

thatthebusinessprovides.Youreportbacktotheclientandtheywillpayforyourpurchasesalongside￡5—10.”

（作為一個(gè)老客戶，你可以隨時(shí)去看看這家公司提供的服務(wù)。你向客戶報(bào)告，他們將為你的購買支付510

英鎊。）可知，神秘顧客需要反饋服務(wù)質(zhì)量。故選D項(xiàng)。

7.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句"Ifyou'reagoodmunicatorandcanactprofessionally,areceptionist

mightbeagreatopportunityfbryou,whichwillhelpyoubuildadministrativeskillsandexperience?'（如果你善于

溝通，表現(xiàn)得很專業(yè)，接待員對(duì)你來說可能是一個(gè)很好的機(jī)會(huì)，這將幫助你培養(yǎng)行政技能和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。）可知，

接待員的工作有助于培養(yǎng)行政技能。故選D項(xiàng)。

3

UKbasedsupermarketWaitrosehasbeenaccusedbysocialmediausersforsellingtreeleavesat6pounds.

Photosofvarioustreeleavespackagedinplasticbagsandarrangedasflowerbouquets（花束）wenthoton

socialmedialately,causingplaints"causeoftheproduct'sprice,sixBritishpounds.Consideringtreeleavescan

literallybepickedupfromthestreetthistimeofyeanifsunderstandablethatsomepeoplewentafterWaitrose,

accusingthesupermarketoftryingtomakemoneybysellingsomethingthatisactuallyfree.

“Abagofactualleaves?I'llsellyouabinbagofleavesfbr10pence,“onecustomerwrote.

“ThishasgottobefromthedrunkMondaymorningmeetingcategoryofideas,5,someoneelsemented.

Apparently,theunusualbouquetsappearedonWaitrosesupermarketshelvesasawaytoweleautumn,and

featuredastickerurgingcustomersto“bringtheoutdoorsinside''."Brightenupyourhomewithfreshlypicked

flowerswhosepleasantscentsrefreshtheseason,95theofficialproductdescriptionread."Wesourcethebest

bloomsfromexpertgrowers,andhandlethemgentlysothattheycanlookbeautifulfbrlongcr.^^

Despitethegenerallynegativefeedbackonitsautuninthemedproduct,theBritishsupermarketproudly

announcedthattheideawasinspiredatthebeginningofautumnbyademandfromshoppers.AWhateverweintend

tooffer,wcbaseourdecisiononthedemandsfromcustomers.Ourcustomersloveusingtheseleavestomixin

withtheirseasonalflowerstobrightentheirhomes,aWaitrosespokespersontoldTheSun.

Interestingly,therewerethosewhoseemedtosomewhatjustifythepricetagofthisbagofleaves.Theysaid

thatthosewereobviously“highqualityleaves''.Theirclaimmightbetnie.Butevenabottleofwinecanbebought

atthesamepriceorless.1(seemscrazytocharge6poundsforabagofleaves.

8.WhywasWaitroseaccusedbysocialmedia?

A.Failingtoofferhighqualityflowers.

B.Pickinguptreeleavesfromthestreet.

C.Carryingoutseeminglydrunkideas.

D.Sellingfreetreeleavesathighprices.

9.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.treeleavespackagedinplasticbagswerenotfresh

B.theunusualbouquetswereintendedtogreetautumn

C.(hesupermarketwithdrewtreeleavesdue(onegativefeedback

D.(heideaofsellingtreeleaveswasinspiredby(heexpertgrowers

10.Whatseemstobethewriter'sattitudetowardsellingtreeleavesat6pounds?

A.Indifferent.B.Favorable.C.Reserved.D.Disapproving.

【答案與解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。近日，用塑料袋包裝成花災(zāi)的各種樹葉的照片在社交媒體上走紅，因

該產(chǎn)品的售價(jià)為6英鎊而引發(fā)投訴?？紤]到每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候人們都可以從街上撿到樹葉，所以有些人盯上

維特羅斯超市，指責(zé)這家超市試圖通過出售免費(fèi)商品來賺錢，而且這并不是英國商店和超市第一次因高價(jià)

出售免費(fèi)商品而登上新聞?lì)^條。

8.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"UKbasedsupermarketWaitrosehasbeenaccusedbysocialmediausersfor

sellingtreeleavesat6pounds.(總部位「英國的超市維特羅斯近日遭到社交媒體用戶的炮轟，因?yàn)樵摮谐鍪?/p>

成束的“秋葉”，每束定價(jià)6英鎊)"可知，維特羅斯超市被指控是因?yàn)楦邇r(jià)出售免費(fèi)樹葉。故選D。

9.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“Apparently,theunusualbouquetsappearedonWaitrosesupermarketshelves

asawaytoweleautumn,andfeaturedastickerurgingcustomersto"bringtheoutdoorsinside”.(技然，這些不尋常

的花束出現(xiàn)在維特羅斯超市的貨架上，是作為歡迎秋天的一種方式，上面有一張貼紙，敦促顧客“把戶外活

動(dòng)帶回家可知，這些不尋常的花束是用來迎接秋天的。故選B。

10.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的"Theirclaimmightbetrue.Butevenabottleofwinecanbeboughtatthe

samepriceorless.Itseemscrazytocharge6poundsforabagofleaves.(他們的說法可能是真的。但即使是一瓶

酒，也可以以同樣的價(jià)格或更低的價(jià)格買到。給?袋樹葉收6磅的錢似乎太瘋狂了)”可推斷，作者對(duì)于樹葉

賣6磅是不支持的。故選D。

4

Thejoyofgivingisreal,accordingtoastudy.ResearchpresentedintheJournaloftheAssociationfor

PsychologicalScienceshowsthatthosewhogivegiftsarehappier—andhappierforlonger—thanthosewho

receivegifts.

Researchersconductedtwostudieslastyear.Inone,participantsweregiven$5everydayforfivedaysand

wererequiredtospendthemoneyonthesamethingeachday.Someparticipantswererequiredtospendthemoney

on:hcmsclvcs,whileotherswererequiredtogivetomakeadonationtocharity.Inasecondexperimentthatwas

doneonline,participantsplayed10roundsofawordpuzzlegameandeachwon5centsperround,whichthey

couldkeepordonate.

Inbothexperiments,participantsreportedtheiroverallhappiness.Thosewhodonatedtheirmoneyshowed

(hat(heirhappinessdeclinedatamuchslowerratethan(hosewhokeptthemoneyorspentiton(hemselves.

Theresearchersnotethatwhenpeoplefocusonanoute,theycaneasilypareoutes,whichmaydiminishtheir

sensitivitytoeachexperience.Whenpeoplefocusonanaction,theymayfocuslessonparisonandinstead

experienceeachactofgivingasauniquehappincssinducingevent.Furtheranalysesruledoutsomepotential

alternativeexplanations,suchasthepossibilitythatparticipantswhegavetoothershadtothinklongerandharder

aboutwhattogive,whichcouldpromotehigherhappiness.

Theresultsareespeciallyinterestingbecauseaccordingtooneoftheresearchers,EdO'BrienoftheUniversity

ofChicagoBoothSchoolofBusiness,theyconflictwithpastresearch.uIfyouwanttosustainhappinessovertime,

pastresearch(ellsus(hatweneedtotakeabreakfromwhatwerecurrentlyconsumingandexperiencesomething

new.Ourresearchrevealsthatthekindofthingmaymattermorethanassumed:Repeatedgiving,eveninidentical

waystoidenticalother,maycontinuetofeelrelativelyfreshandrelativelypleasurablethemorewedoit,"O'Brien

said.

Soforalltheholidaygiftsyougivethisseason,expecttofeelhappyandknowthatfeelingisgoingtostick

aroundforawhile.

11.What'sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toleadtothetopic.

B.TDhighlighttheimportanceofthestudy.

C.Toremendajournal.

D.Topersuadepeopletogivegiftsregularly.

12.Whydidtheresearchersdotwoexperiments?

A.Tochallengethepastresearch.

B.Toruleoutdifferentexperimentaldata.

C.Tbshowthebenefitsofdonation.

D.Tomaketheconclusionmorecor.vincing.

13.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“diminish”probablymeaninthefourthparagraph?

A.Develop.B.Show.C.Reduce.D.Lack.

14.What'sthemainfindingofthenewstudy?

A.Giftgivingwillresultinlongerhappinessthanreceiving.

B.Thinkinglongerandharderongivingwillpromotehigherhappiness.

C.Thefeelingofhappinesswilldisappearsoonifpeoplejustgiveholidaygifts.

D.Takingabreakfromwhatwerecurrentlyconsumingwillsustainhappiness.

【答案與解析】本文是一篇說明文。本文的一項(xiàng)研究表明，給予禮物比接受禮物的人更快樂，快樂的時(shí)間

更長，并且用實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了這一研究結(jié)果。

11.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一一段"Thejoyofgivingisreal,accordingtoastudy.Researchpresentedinthe

JournaloftheAssociationfbrPsychologicalScienceshowsthatthosewhogivegiftsarehappier—andhappierfor

longer—thanthosewhoreceivegilts."（一項(xiàng)研究表明，給予的快樂是真實(shí)的。發(fā)表在《心理科學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)雜志》

上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，那些送禮物的人比那些收禮物的人更快樂，而且更快樂的時(shí)間更長。）以及下文的實(shí)驗(yàn)

研究結(jié)果都表明送禮物的人比收禮物的人更快樂，而且更快樂的時(shí)間更長可推知，第一段的作用是引出主

題。故選A。

12.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inbothexperiments,participantsreportedtheiroverallhappiness.Those

whodonatedtheirmoneyshowedthattheirhappinessdeclinedatamuchslowerratethanthosewhokeptthe

moneyorspentitonthemselves/'（在兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，參與者報(bào)告了池們的總體幸福感。那些捐了錢的人比那些

把錢留著或花在自己身上的人幸福感下降的速度要慢得多。）可知，這兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果也表明送禮物的人比

那些收禮物的人更快樂，故推斷這兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)就是讓我們對(duì)這個(gè)研究結(jié)果更信服，故選D。

13.C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文“Whenpeoplefocusonanaction,theymayfocuslessonparisonandinstead

experienceeachactofgivingasauniquehappinessinducingevent?當(dāng)人們關(guān)注行為時(shí),他們可能較少關(guān)注比

較，而是將每?個(gè)給予行為作為?個(gè)獨(dú)特的快樂誘導(dǎo)事件來體驗(yàn)。由此可推斷上文當(dāng)人們關(guān)注結(jié)果的時(shí)候,

他們可以很容易地比較結(jié)果，這可能會(huì)降低他們對(duì)每種經(jīng)歷的敏感性。由此猜測(cè)“diminish”，意為“降低”，

和reduce同義，故選C

14.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Ourresearchrevealsthatthekindofthingmaymattermorethan

assumed:Repeatedgiving,eveninidenticalwaystoidenticalother,maycontinuetofeelrelativelyfreshand

relativelypleasurablethemorewcdoif'（我們的研究表明，這類事情可能比我們想象的更重要：不斷給予，

其至以相同的方式給予相同的人，我們做得越多，可能會(huì)持續(xù)感到相勸新鮮和相對(duì)愉悅。）可知，新研究的

結(jié)論就是給予禮物比接受禮物的人更快樂，故選A。

5

AretiredpostmanfromTurkeyandabeautifulwhiteswanhavebeeninseparablefornearlyfourdecades,and

（hestoryoftheiramazingfriendshiphasmeltedtheheartsofmillions.

WhenRecepMirzanspottedawoundedswaninafieldinTurkey'sEdimeprovince,in1984,hehadnoidea

（hathewasaboutcomeethisbestfriend.Hewasinacarwithagroupoffriends,whenhespottedaswanthat

appearedtohaveabrokenwinginanemptyfield.Mirzanquicklyrealizedthatleavingthebirdtherewasthesame

assigningitsdeathsentence,aspredators（捕食者）wouldhavemostlikelyeatenit,sohestoppedthecarandtook

thebirdwithhim.Hetookithomeandstartednursingitbacktohcakh.

“SinceIloveanimals,Itookherhomeinsteadofleavingherasfoodtofoxes,nMirzantoldTheAssociatedPress.

Wegotusedtoeachother.Weneverseparated.Evenafterthefemaleswan'sbrokenwinghealed,itdidn'ttrytofly

away.Instead,itbefriendedtheotheranimalsonRecep'sfarmintheKaraagacregion,anddecidedtostickaround.

RecepnamedherGarip,andshehasbeenwithhimfor（helast37years.

“SheeswhenIcall.Since1984,shehasneverleftme,notevenduringtheriverfloods,theretiredpostman

toldAnadoluNewsAgency.t4Sheusedtobemorevigorous,butshehasgrownoldnow.Ifshedies,Iwillmakeher

anicegravehere,butIhopewelivemoretogether/'

GariphasherowncooponMirzan'sfarm,butshemostlyspendsnightsinit.Duringtheday,sheisbusy

followingherhumanfriendaround,eitherduringhisdailychores,oronhiseveningwalks.

Afterhiswifediedafewyearsago,RecepMirzanstartedspendingmoretimewithhisanimals,andsincehe

hasnohumanchildren,heregardsGaripashischild.

Whooperswanscanlivefordecadesinprotectedenvironments,butGariphaslongsurpassedtheaverage

lifespanforherspecies.

15.WhydidRecepsavetheswanaccordingtothepassage?

A.Hefeltextremelylonely.

B.Theswanwasarareanimal.

C.Hewasarealanimallover.

D.Theswanwasbeingfollowedbyfoxes.

16.Ilcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.iheswanstayedwithRecepatnightafterthedeathofhiswife

B.GariplivedalongerlifeprobablybecauseofthecareofRcccp

C.Rcccp'sfriendsdirectlysignedthewoundedswandeathsentence

D.Rcccpwassuretomeetalifelongfriendwhenhespottedthewoundedswan

17.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ARetiredPostman'sStoryHasMeltedtheHeartsofMillions

B.ManandSwanHaveBeenBestFriendsfortheLast37Years

C.AWoundedSwanHasBefriendedtheOtherAnimalsonaFarm

D.HumansHaveMadeEffortstoProtecttheEnvironmentsforSwans

【答案與解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。本文主要報(bào)道了一個(gè)退休郵遞員救了一只受傷的天鵝，此后他們成了

好朋友，已經(jīng)在一起37年了。

15.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“"SinceIloveanimals,Ilookherhomeinsteadofleavingherasfoodto

fbxes,“MirzantoldTheAssociatedPress.（Mirzan告訴美聯(lián)社記者：“因?yàn)槲蚁矚g動(dòng)物，所以我把她帶回家，

而不是留下她成為狐貍的食物。”可知，RecepMirzan救這只受傷的小天鵝是因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)真正愛動(dòng)物的

人。故選C。

16.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Hewasinacarwithagroupoffriends,whenhespottedaswanthat叩peared

tohaveabrokenwinginanemptyfield.（他和一群朋友在車?yán)?，發(fā)現(xiàn)一只天鵝在一片空地上，它的翅膀好像

折斷了。）","Hetookithomeancstartednursingitbacktohealth.（他把它帶回家,照顧它恢復(fù)健康）”和第

三段的"RecepnamedherGarip,andshehasbeenwithhimforthelast37years.（Recep給她起名叫Garip,她和

他在一起已經(jīng)37年了。）“可推知，由于Recep的救助和照顧Garip才有了一個(gè)更長的生命。故選B。

17.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其第一段“AretiredpostmanfromTurkeyandabeautifulwhite

swanhavebeeninseparablefornearlyfourdecades,andthestoryoftheiramazingfriendshiphasmeltedthehearts

ofmillions.（一位來自土耳其的退休郵遞員和一只美麗的白天鵝近40年來形影不離，他們驚人友誼的故事

融化了數(shù)百萬人的心。）”和第三段的“RecepnamedherGarip,andshehasbeenwithhimforthelast37years.

（Rec叩給她起名叫Garip,她和他在一起已經(jīng)37年了。）“可知，本文主要講述了一個(gè)退休郵遞員救了一只

受傷的天鵝，此后他們成了好朋友，已經(jīng)在一起37年了。故“人和天鵝長達(dá)37年的友情”可以作為本文的最

佳標(biāo)題。故選B。

6

inAsia,thecarisasmuchastatussymbolasitisameansoftransport.Acar'sdesignisnottheonly

considerationwhenavehiclehastosuittheneedsofeveryoneinthefamily.

Thisisthecaseforoneparticulargroupofdrivers:Thesandwichgeneration,whoarcstuckbetweencaringfor

theirchildrenandcaringfortheirparents.Forthem,the'familycar'isoftensharedwitheveryonefromthenewly

licensedteenst