2025年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第三套）PartIWriting（30minutes）Directions：Supposeyouruniversityisorganizingaforumonthedevelopmentofstudents'cross-culturalcommunicationabilities.Youarenowtowriteanessaytoexpressyourview.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheessay.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension（25minutes）特別說(shuō)明：由于多題多卷，官方第三套真題的聽力試題與第二套真題的一致，只是選項(xiàng)順序不同，因此，本套試卷不再提供聽力部分。PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）SectionADirections：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thehumanbrainhastheabilitytoconstantlyformnewnetworksandconnectionsbetweenbraincells.Thismeansthebrainhasanalmostmagicalabilitytochange.Thischaracteristicis26apparentinanewstudy,focusingonpeoplewhounderwentahemispherectomy,asurgicalprocedureinwhichhalfofthebrainisremovedtotreatillness.Thefindingsshowedthat,despitemissinghalfofthiscritical27,participantscouldfunctionwell.Thiswasbecausethe28halfoftheirbrainstrengthened.Infact,researchersfoundthatconnections—andthuscommunication—betweenpartsofdifferentbrainnetworksareactuallystrongerinpeoplewhohadhemispherectomiesthaninpeoplewithintactbrains.This29thatthebrainisabletocompensateforlossofcertainbrainstructure.Therearemanyothercasesinthemedical30thatdocumentthebrain'samazingabilityto31.Forexample,ayoungboyhadasignificantportionofhisbrainremovedformedicalreasons,whichincludedthepartofthebrain32forsight.Butafewyearsafterhissurgery,scientistsfoundthathecould33see.Theydeterminedthatthiswasbecauseotherpartsofhisbraintookoverthemissingpart's34tasks.Anotherstudyinvolvedpeoplewhocouldsmell,despitemissingtheregioninthebrainthatprocessesinformationaboutsmells.Thoughtheyarenotsurehowtheseindividuals35theabilitytosmell,scientistsbelieveitispossiblethatanotherpartofthebraintookonthattask.WordBank：A）adaptB）hardlyC）indicatesD）insistE）literatureF）organG）particularlyH）remainingI）responsibleJ）retainedK）stillL）strategyM）transformedN）underlinesO）visualSectionBDirections：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2."Phantom"TrafficJamsAreReal—AndScientistsKnowHowtoStopThemA）Trafficjamsareacommonproblemofmostbigcities,eitherindevelopedorindevelopingcountries,butonekindoftrafficjamsinparticularcanbeespeciallyfrustrating.Thesearegenerallyknownas"phantom"trafficjams,inwhichdensetrafficcrawlstoahaltfornoapparentreasonatall.B）"Whencaughtinsuchatrafficjam,itiscommonfordriverstoassumethattheremustbeanaccident,orconstructionorsomething,"saidMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)computerscienceprofessorBertholdHorn."Andthenyoudriveanddriveanddrive...andthereisn'tanythingthere."C）Theexactcauseofthesephantomtrafficjamshaslongremainedamystery.Butnow,newresearchhasfoundthecauseandresearchersmayhavecomeupwithasolutionforthisfrustratingtrafficpattern:maintainingequalspacingbetweencarsontheroad,ratherthandrivingsocloselybehindanothervehiclethatacollisionislikelyifthatvehiclebrakessuddenly.D）Hornsaidphantomtrafficjamsareanemergentpropertyoftheflowofvehiclesdownahighway.Aphantomjambeginswhenacarindensetrafficslowsdownevenslightly,whichcausesthecarbehindthatvehicletoslowevenmore—andtheslowingactionspreadsbackwardthroughthelaneoftrafficlikeawave,gettingworsethefartheritspreads.Eventually,thecarsfarbehindareforcedtostopcompletelyorriskhittingtheslowervehiclesahead—andsothetrafficgrindstoahaltovernothing,Hornsaid.E）Hornhasbeenworkingontheproblemofphantomtrafficjamsforyears,andhehascomeupwithasolution:Bysplittingthedifferencebetweenthecarsinfrontandthecarsbehind,thespacingofcarsinastreamoftrafficcanactasadamperonphantomtrafficjams.Thatis,itcanpreventtheslow-downeffectfrombeingamplifiedbythecarsthatfollowbehind,hesaid.Inessence,eachdriverwouldconstantlymakeadjustmentstokeeptheircarroughlyhalfwaybetweenthecarinfrontandthecarbehind.F）Horncallsthismethodofvehiclespacingbilateralcontrol,andhesaiditcouldbeachievedwithrelativelysimplemodificationstotheadaptivecruisecontrolthatmanynewcarsalreadyhave.Adaptivecruisecontrolisadriverassistancetechnologythatsetsamaximumspeedforvehiclesandautomaticallyslowsthespeedofthecarwhentrafficissensedinfrontofthevehicle.Thetechnologyisalsoknownasautonomouscruisecontrol.Suchmodifications,Hornsaid,couldhelpfightphantomjamswithinafewyears,maybedecadesbeforeanalternativesolution,suchasnetworkedself-drivingcars,becomesarealityontheroads.G）Trafficjamsarecausedbyanumberoffactors,suchasroadsthatarepoorlydesignedorover-capacity,localizedfactorslikecitytraffic-lightingpatterns,andeventslikeaccidentsandconstruction.Butphantomtrafficjamscanmakeallthoseproblemsworse,Hornsaid.Andtheresearchersinthenewstudyhavecalculatedthatsolvingphantomjamscouldsaveatleastsomeoftheestimated$121billionperyearthattrafficjamsareestimatedtocosttheU.S.economy,HorntoldLiveScience.H）NewresearchbyHornandMITpostdoctoralassociateLiangWang,publishedinthejournalIEEETransactionsonIntelligentTransportationSystems,showshowbilateralcontrolcanfighttheproblem.Theresearchersmadecomputermodelsofreal-worldtrafficconditions,showinghowatypicalU.S.freewaycouldbenefitfromcarsusingbilateralcontrol.Thatwouldbeinplacewhenhumandriversfailtoslowdown,thusavoidingtailgatingthecarinfront,Hornsaid."Underreasonableconditionstoday,youmightget1,800carsperlaneperhourthroughput(thevolumeoftrafficpassingthrough),"headded."Butwithbilateralcontrol,youcouldalmostdoublethat."I）Themainalternativetoincreasingtrafficthroughputperlanehasbeentobuildmorelanesandmorehighways,andputtinginnewroadsisveryexpensive,hesaid."Ifwecanincreasethethroughputonmajorhighways,evenifit'sonlyby50percent,thatwouldbeabigdeal,"Hornsaid.J）WiththehelpofengineeringstudentsathighschoolsinMaine,HornandWanghavealsobuiltarobotsimulationthatshowshowbilateralcontrolcansuppressphantomtrafficjams.Increasingthespacingofvehiclesdampenstheeffectofslowdownsbycarsinfrontofagivencar,sothattheslowingisnotworseneduntilitbecomesaphantomjam,theresearcherssaid.K）Avideofromtheprojectshowsatrainofautonomousrobotsrunningalongatrackwithoutbilateralcontrol;theyeventuallybackupinphantomjams.Butwhentherobotsareswitchedovertobilateralcontrol(byflashingthelightsintheroom),eachautonomousrobottriestokeepitselfhalfwaybetweentherobotinfrontandtheonebehind;thephantomjamsdisappearasaresult,Hornsaid.L）Sincestartinghisresearchonphantomtrafficjams,Hornhaslearnedthatschoolsoffishandflocksofbirdsandbatsusesimilarspacingstrategiestoavoidhittingeachotherwhileswimmingorflyingindenselypackedgroups.Inparticular,studiesofmillionsofbatsemergingatduskfromcavesinSoutheastAsiashowedthateachbatusedaformofbilateralcontroltoreducethelikelihoodofcollisionswithotherbatsinthedenselypackedswarm,Hornsaid.M）Unlikebats,birdsandfish,however,humanshavedifficultyjudgingdistancesbehindthem.Toaddressthatweakness,HornisnowworkingwiththecarcompanyToyotatoenableaformofbilateralcontrolviamodificationstoexistingadaptivecruisecontrolsystems,whichuseforward-facingsensorstojudgethedistancetothevehicleahead.Thebilateralcontrolapproachwouldincludeaddingrear-facingsensorstodeterminethedistancetothevehiclefollowingacar.N）Butuntilthosesystemsbecomestandard,humandriverscanhelpreducephantomtrafficjamssimplybynotfollowingthecarinfrontsoclosely.AsHornargues,"There'sabsolutelynoadvantageoftailgatingthecarinfrontofyou."Statements：36.Theage-longmysteryhasnowbeenresolvedastohowphantomtrafficjamsarecaused.37.Itispossibletonearlydoublethehourlythroughputperlanebyadoptingbilateralcontrol.38.AccordingtoHorn,driversmakingconstantadjustmentsforequalspacingbetweencarsinaflowoftrafficcanhelpreducephantomtrafficjams.39.Beforesystemsforbilateralcontrolareinstalled,driversshouldnotfollowthecarinfronttoocloselysoastoreducephantomtrafficjams.40.Hornsaidwithsomesimplemodificationstotheexistingequipmentinnewvehicles,theirspacingbilateralcontrolcouldbeaccomplished.41.Driverscaughtupinphantomtrafficjamsarelikelytothinkanaccidenthashappenedorsomeconstructionisgoingon.42.Twosetsofsensorswouldbeusedtohelpdriversdeterminethedistancesbetweencars.43.SolvingtheproblemofphantomjamscouldsaveAmericabillionsofdollarseveryyear.44.Inaphantomtrafficjam,thecarsinthesamelaneslowdownoneafteranother,creatingawave-likeeffect.45.Hornhasfoundthatcertaincreaturesusestrategiessimilartobilateralcontroltoavoidhittingeachotherwhilemovingindensecrowds.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Oursocietyplacesahighvalueonphysicalbeauty.Americansspendanaverageofover$722eachyearontheirappearance.OneintenAmericanshastriedtolooklikeastar.There'snothingwrongwithtryingtolookourbest,butexcessivefocusonphysicalappearancemissesthesoulfulaspectsofwhatitmeanstobebeautiful.Tryingtolooklikethemagazinepicturescantakeusonalongrideawayfromwhatbeautyisreallyabout.Manyofusspendfartoomuchtime,energy,andmoneytryingtopolishanimageofwhatwethinkwillbringattention,love,andconnection.Intheprocess,wemayfailtoattendtoourselvesinawaythatwouldmoveustowarddeeperintimacy,fulfillment,andmeaning.Itmaysoundtrite,butbeautyisonlyskindeep;it'snotwhatbringslovetowardus.JustreadaboutthelatestHollywoodstarletswhoseseemingloveturnsintoresentmentandbittercourtbattles.Outerbeautycanbeasmuchofacurseasablessing.Wemaydevelopahabitofbeingsofocusedonmaintainingaperfectappearancethatwenevercultivatetheinnerqualitiesnecessarytosustainanddeepenintimacyandconnection.AsIdescribeinmybook,TheAuthenticHeart,itisthecouragetobeauthenticthatconnectsusinadeeperway.Whileourinitialattractionmaybebased,inpart,onphysicalchemistry,itisthemeetingofourinnerworldsthatcreatesthelastingintimacyandspiritualconnectionforwhichwelong.Ifweredirectourattentiontowardcultivatinginnerqualities,wemightfindamagneticattractionthatmovesusfromsomethingsuperficialtosomethingthatconnectsustoourdepths.Thepathtowardcultivatinginnerbeautyisreallysimple.Butwhatissimpleisnotalwayseasy.Noteveryonewillseeusandappreciateusaswetakethecourageousrisktoallowourselvestobeseenaswereallyare.Butiftheydon't,itistheirloss,notours.Eventuallywe'llfindthosecompatiblesoulswhoappreciateusasweare.46.WhatdowelearnaboutAmericansocietyfromthefirstparagraph?A）Itseeslotsofpersonalincomewastedonbeautyproducts.B）Itconsidersone'sphysicalappearanceveryimportant.C）Itplacesahighvalueonthephysicalfitnessofstars.D）Itexpectseveryindividualtolooktheirverybest.47.Whathappenswhenpeoplestrivetolookbetter?A）Theyhavetogetpreparedforresentmentandbittercourtbattles.B）Theyarebetterabletogainattention,love,andpersonalconnection.C）Theymayneglecttocultivatetheinnerqualitiesthatmattermore.D）Theyfeelmuchoftheirprecioustime,energyandresourcesiswasted.48.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutouterbeauty?A）Itmaybeinheritedorcultivated.B）Itmayleadtobadaswellasgoodhabits.C）Itmaycreateconnectionorisolation.D）Itmaydoasmuchharmasgood.49.Whatbringsaboutspiritualconnection?A）Meetingofminds.B）Attractionatfirstsight.C）Physicalchemistry.D）Frequentinteraction.50.Whathappenswhenwetakethepathtowardcultivatinginnerbeauty?A）Wemayfindaroutetowardotherpeople'ssouls.B）Wemaybeappreciatedmorebypeoplearoundus.C）Wewillmeetpeoplewhovalueusforwhoweare.D）Wewillbediscouragedfromrevealingourtrueselves.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Plant-basedmeatsarecomingsoontoadinnertablenearyou,butdotheydeserveaspotonyourplate?Ifyoutriedavegetableburgeryearsagoanddismisseditasrubberyandflavorless,it'sagoodtimetogivemeatlessmeatanotherchance.Newervarietiesimitatethelook,flavor,andtextureofmeat.Analystsdon'texpectthemeat-freemovementtoslowanytimesoon;a2021reportpredictsthemarketwillskyrocketto$74billionby2030—a957percentsurge.Plant-basedmeatsarenolongerjustforvegetarians.CompaniessuchasImpossibleFoodsandBeyondMeat—thecurrentsuperstarsofthealternativeproteinsector—arepursuingconsumerswhoenjoymeatbutwanttoreducetheirmeatconsumptionforanimalright,health,orenvironmentalreasons.Sofar,it'sawinningstrategy:MorethannineoutoftenconsumerswhobuyBeyondBurgerandImpossibleFoodsproductsalsoeatmeat.Manyvegetariansdon'tactuallycareforfoodthatresemblesmeat.WhenreporterJoanSolsman,alongtimevegetarian,triedadishfromImpossibleFoods,shefeltsosickthatshecouldn'tfinishit."MaybethebestsignthatImpossibleFoodshascrackedthecodetorealisticfakemeatisthatIcouldn'tstandtoeatanotherbit,"shewrote.Meatlessmeatsaregenerallyahealthierchoicethanbeefbecausetheyarecholesterol-free,plusthey'reagoodsourceofvitamins,minerals,protein,andfiber.Ifmeatlessmeatcanhelpyousticktoaplant-baseddiet,thatinitselfcanleadtobetterhealth.Notonlyhasredmeatbeenlinkedtocancer,butstudiesshowthatpeoplewhoditchmeathavelowerbloodpressure,loweraveragebloodsugar,andlowercholesterollevels.However,justbecauseit'splant-baseddoesn'tmeanit'shealthfood.Mostimitationmeatsarehighlyprocessedandcontainhighamountsofsodiumcomparedtotraditionalbeef.Thesenewgenerationsofalternatemeatgetalltheattention,butdon'tforgetaboutwholegrainsandvegetables.Beansareanespeciallyex