筆譯二級綜合能力（閱讀理解）模擬試

卷1

一、閱讀理解（含10小題）（本題共20題，每題1.0

分,共20分。）

SexualReproductionBirdsdoit.Beesdoit.Butdandelionsdon't.Theprodigiousspread

ofthesewinsomeweedsunderscoresalittle-apDreciatedbiologicalfact.Contraryto

humanexperience,sexisnotessentialtoreproduction.Asexualorganismscanoften

churnoutmultiplegenerationsofclones,gainingadistinctedgeintheevolutionary

numbersgame.Andthereinliesthepuzzle:Ifsexissuchaninefficientwaytoreproduce,

whyisitsowidespread?Sexalmostcertainlyoriginatednearly3.5billionyearsagoasa

mechanismforrepairingtheDNAofbacteria.Becauseancientearthwassuchaviolent

place,thegenesoftheseunicellularorganismswouldhavebeenfrequentlydamagedby

intenseheatandultravioletradiation.HConjugation"一theintricateprocessinwhich

onebacteriuminfusesgeneticmaterialintoanother一providedaningenious,if

cumbersome,solutiontothisproblem,althoughbacteriacontinuedtorelyonasexual

reproductiontoincreasetheirnumbers.Animalsex,however,isamorerecentinvention.

BiologistLynnMargulisoftheUniversityofMassachusettsatAmherstbelievesthe

evolutionaryrootsofeggandspermcellscanbetracedbacktoagroupoforganisms

knownasroleststhatfirstappearedsomeI.5billionyearsago.（Modernexamples

includeprotozoa,giantkelpandmalariaparasite.）Duringperiodsofstarvation,Margulis

conjectures,onerotestwasdriventodevouranother.Sometimesthiscannibalisticmeal

wasincompletelydigested,andthenucleiofpreyandpredatorfused.Byjoiningforces,

thefusedcellswerebetterabletosurviveadversity,andbecausetheysurvived,their

penchantforunionwaspassedontotheirdistantdescendants.Fromthisvantagepoint,

humansexualityseemslittlemorethanawondrousaccident,bornofakindoforiginal

sinamongprotozoa.Mostpopulationbiologists,however,believesexwasmaintained

overevolutionarytimebecauseitsomehowenhancedsurvival.Themixingandmatching

ofparentalgenes,theyargue,provideorganismswithanovelmechanismforgenerating

geneticallydifferentoffspring,therebyincreasingtheoddsthattheirprogenycould

exploitnewnichesinachangingenvironmentand,byvirtueoftheirdiversity,havea

betterchanceofsurvivingtheassaultsofbacteriaandothertinygermsthatrapidlyevolve

tricksfbreludingtheirhosts'defenses.

1、Theword"underscore"underlinedinParagraph1mostprobablymeans.

A、overestimate

B、underestimate

C、underline

D、underlie

標準答案：C

知識點解析：詞義題型,答案是C。underscore此處意為“強調(diào)、凸顯”,A選項意

為“高估”，B選項意為“低估”,C選項意為“強調(diào)”,D選項意為“構(gòu)成……的基礎(chǔ)或

原因“，故選C。本題核心：1.充分利用上下文語境推測詞義；2.區(qū)分單詞之間

的細微差異。本題中underscore、underline、underlie前綴相同，對三者表意異同的

甄別要依賴于平時對常見常用詞匯的積累。

2、By"alittle-appreciatedbiologicalfact",theauthormeans.

A、mostpeoplearenotfamiliarwiththereproductionofdandelions

B、mostpeoplearcnotfamiliarwithasexualreproduction

C、sexualreproductionisseldomfavoredbybiologists

D^asexualreproductionisseldomfavoredbybiologists

標準答案：B

知識點解析：句子主旨題型，答案是B。本題考查對文中特定句子主旨的理解?？?/p>

查句在詞匯理解層面存在兩個關(guān)鍵點：一是appreciate一詞，該詞為大家所熟悉的

義項是“感激，欣賞“，而此句適合的義項則是“知曉，領(lǐng)會”，整句可直譯為“一個

鮮為人知的生物學(xué)事實”，C、D選項將appreciate錯誤理解為favor,將biological

一詞錯誤理解為“生物學(xué)家的“，故先排除；二是fact一詞，該詞行使的是指代功

能，此句本身未說明所指，故需聯(lián)系上下文加以理解。從冠詞a一詞可判斷此概念

在文中屬于首次提及，可推知具體的闡釋會出現(xiàn)在此句之前而非之后，而A選項

“蒲公英的繁衍”出現(xiàn)在該句之前\為作者所要陳述事實的證據(jù)，故排除。緊隨其后

的“Contrarytohumanexperience,sexisnotessentialtoreproduction.”一句對考查句

進一步加以解釋說明，可見大多數(shù)人認為性對于繁衍而言是必要條件，由此推定C

選項“大多數(shù)人對無性繁衍不熟悉''符合作者的表意主旨。本題核心：留意常見詞匯

的特殊義項，同時善于運用語法知識鎖定正確的信息點所在。

3、AccordingtoParagraph1,asexualreproductionisadvantageousforits.

A、largeoffspringnumbers

B、creationofoffspringwithoutamate

C、creationofgeneticallyidenticaloffspring

D、creationofgeneticallydifferentoffspring

標準答案：A

知識點解析：段落主旨題型，答案是A。本題考查點“無性繁衍的優(yōu)點”與段落的主

旨密切相關(guān)。木段為全文引段，旨在點明主題。作者采用的具體策略是反面對照

法，對照的兩方分別為有性和無性繁衍，意在通過彰顯無性繁衍的優(yōu)點來引發(fā)讀者

思考有性繁衍存在的必要性。段中涉及無性繁衍的敘述有兩處，一是theprodigious

spreadofthesewinsomeweeds,二是“Asexualorganismscanoftenchurnoutmultiple

generationsofclones,gainingadistinctedgeintheevolutionarynumbersgame.從

prodigiousspread（瘋狂的傳播）、chumoutmultiplegenerations（大量制造子子孫孫）和

numbersgame（數(shù)字游戲）等描述詞可見作者意在突出其繁衍數(shù)量多這一優(yōu)點，故選

Ao本題核心：B、C選擇項的內(nèi)容（無須交配；與后代基因相同）同樣屬于無性繁殖

的特征，盡管在原文中亦有所提及，但甄選正確答案有賴于把握段落的論證邏輯，

找準表意重心，明確作者在此處提及無性繁殖的用意。

4、Wccaninferfromthepassagethatsexfirstappearedin.

A、bacteria

B、multicellularorganisms

C、rotests

D、protozoa

標準答案：A

知識點解析：細節(jié)題型，答案是A。本題考查有性繁衍最早出現(xiàn)在哪種生物形態(tài)

上。根據(jù)第二段第一句"Sexalmostcertainlyoriginatednearly3.5billionyearsagoas

amechanismforrepairingtheDNAofbacteria.”中的originate一詞可基本鎖定A選

項“細菌B選項中的organisms一詞同樣出現(xiàn)在第二段，但修飾詞unicellular被

置換為mukicellular,為干擾項。C選項rolesls出現(xiàn)在第三段，對應(yīng)的時間點為

1.5billionyearsago。D選項protozoa亦出現(xiàn)在第三段，對應(yīng)的時間點為

modern.依次排序可確定A為正確答案。本題核心：此題涉及時間排序，可通讀

全文尋找時間標識詞確定答案。

5、WhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutconjugation?

A、Conjugationisaprocesswherebythegenesofbacteriaaretransferred.

B、Conjugationisaprocesswherebythegenesofbacteriaarerecombined.

C>Conjugationisaprocesswherebythegenesofbacteriaarerepaired.

D、Conjugationisaprocesswherebythegenesofbacteriaaredamaged.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：概念主旨題型，答案是D。此題考查對conjugation這一概念的理

解。原文第三段將其描述為“theintricateprocessinwhichonebacteriuminfuses

geneticmaterialintoanother”（一個細菌將遺傳物質(zhì)注入另一個細菌的微妙過程），選

擇項并未照搬原文文字,因此需基于原文的描述把握概念的實質(zhì)「給出的四個選擇

項分別為：在這個過程中，細菌的遺傳因子A”發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移，B“進行重組”、C“得到

修復(fù)”、D“遭到損害”。A、B選項涉及過程描述，從定義本身可推定此兩選項無

誤。C、D選項涉及結(jié)果/后果描述，從上下文可知，遠古地球生存環(huán)境惡劣，細

菌遺傳因子常因高熱和紫外線輻射而遭受損害，conjugation則提供了一種解決方

案，可見結(jié)果應(yīng)當是細菌的遺傳因子得到修復(fù)，C選項描述無誤。正確答案應(yīng)為

Do本題核心：1.注意題干是以否定形式出現(xiàn)的，要求選出的是描述不正確的選

項；2.不可因原文中出現(xiàn)damage原詞而斷章取義將其視為正確理解，而應(yīng)圍繞

正確的邏輯關(guān)系作答。

6、AccordingtobiologistLynnMargulis,.

A、rotestshavebotheggandspermcells

B、rotestsdevouredeachotherbecauseofstarvation

C、rotestsdevouredeachotherforthesurvivalofitsspecies

D、protozoans,liketheirdistantancestors,devoureachother

標準答案：B

知識點解析：觀點主旨題型，答案是B。本題考查生物學(xué)家LynnMargulis的具體

觀點。原文給出的信息大意如下：精子和卵子產(chǎn)生的源頭可追溯到rotests。該類生

物因為饑餓而相互吞噬，由于吞噬不完全，吞噬者和被吞噬者的細胞核發(fā)生了聚

合。兩者的合力使得聚合后的細胞在惡劣環(huán)境中更容易存活，而這種相互結(jié)合的傾

向也隨著其存活被其繼承下來。逐一對比選擇項可見：A選項與原文不符，盡管原

文出現(xiàn)了rools一詞，但并非指rotests本身具有精子和卵子細胞，而是指這種生物

在相互吞噬過程中產(chǎn)生了細胞核聚合，導(dǎo)致后來同類生物之間精子和卵子細胞存在

結(jié)合的傾向。C選項與原文不符，根據(jù)原文邏輯，“物種存續(xù)”是“互相吞噬”的結(jié)果

而非原因。D選項與原文不符，盡管根據(jù)modernexamples一詞可判定protozoa和

rotests之間存在共性，但原文protozoa一詞出現(xiàn)在作者探討rotests的吞噬現(xiàn)象之

前，可見其共性并非吞噬本能，而只是從物種分類上可大致劃歸一類。本題核心：

完整理解段落邏輯，而非孤立依據(jù)單獨字句斷章取義。

7、Paragraph4impliesthathumansexualityistheresultof.

A、geneticmutation

B、gradualevolution

C>germprotection

D、bacterialtransformation

標準答案：B

知識點解析：段落主旨題型，答案是B。本題考查人類性的來源，需準確把握段落

的論證邏輯。第四段開頭前兩句提及了兩種截然相反的觀點，第一種認為人類性的

出現(xiàn)可歸于偶然事件，第二種認為人類性的出現(xiàn)是為了存續(xù)逐漸進化而來。從

fromthisvantagepoint一詞可知，第一種觀點是對上段內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，從however一

詞可見本段論證重心發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變，之后整段的論述都圍繞后一種觀點展開?？梢娫?/p>

A（基因突變）、B（逐漸進化）、C（胚芽保護）、D（細菌轉(zhuǎn)變）四個選項中，B是正確答

案。本題核心：重點關(guān)注段落開頭以有效把握主旨。

8、Theword"elude"underlinedinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto.

A、escape

B、confront

C、recognize

D、attack

標準答案：A

知識點解析：詞義題型，答案是A。elude此處意為“逃避、逃開“，A選項意為“逃

避”，B選項意為“面臨、遭遇”，C選項意為“認出、承認”，D選項意為“攻擊”，故

選A。本題核心：充分利用上下文語境推測詞義。

9、Thefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutsexualreproduction

EXCEPT.

A^becauseofthemixingofgenesinsexualreproduction,alloffspringhavegenetic

variations

B>becauseofsexualreproduction,aspeciescanadaptmorequicklytochangesinits

surroundings

C^withthehelpofsexualreproduction,humansarebetterabletocombatbacteriaand

sperms

D、sexualreproductionleadstoagreatervarietyinpopulation

標準答案：C

知識點解析：是非題型，答案是C。本題涉及對有性繁衍的描述，可采用排除法逐

一考查。從第四段“anovelmechanismfbrgeneratinggeneticallydifferentoffspring”一

句可知，A選項陳述無誤；從第三段“thefusedcellswerebetterabletosurvive

adversity”、第四段“increasingtheoddsthattheirprogenycouldexploitnewnichesina

changingenvironment”等句可知，B選項陳述無誤；D選項“有荏繁衍可使種群種類

更多樣”是基于原文信息的合理推斷。C選項對應(yīng)原文第四段的“haveabetterchance

ofsurvivingtheassaultsofbacteriaandothertinygerms”一句，選擇項以sperms一詞

替代原文中的germs一詞以混淆視聽，故為有錯選項。本題核心：重點關(guān)注選擇項

的陳述細節(jié)，需與文中相應(yīng)字句一一對照以鎖定出錯點。

10、Thepurposeofthepassageisto.

A、justifythenecessityofsexualreproduction

B、explaintheoriginofsexualreproduction

C、tracethehistoryofsexualreproduction

D、demonstratethedifferencesbetweensexualandasexualreproduction

標準答案：A

知識點解析：篇章主旨題型，答案是A。本題考查全文主旨。文章除了開頭，主干

部分基本未提及無性繁殖，可見無性繁殖只是引子，不是作者的論證重心，由此排

除D選項“闡釋有性繁衍和無性繁衍之間的差異”。其余三個選項總結(jié)的內(nèi)容原文

均有涉及，需細讀原文考查作者的論證邏輯。從第一段最后一句"Ifsexissuchan

inefficientwaytoreproduce,whyisitsowidespread?”（如果有性繁殖是低效的，為何

會如此普遍?）可初步推定，作者的論證重點是有性繁殖存在的必要性c再考查隨后

三段論證，盡管三段文字依次談到了生物、動物以及人類的有性繁殖，并在段落開

頭提及了三者的起源，但在具體論證過程中，突出的是有性繁殖發(fā)生的環(huán)境、原因

以及生物進化帶來的結(jié)果，可見"必要性''才是作者的論述主旨，應(yīng)選A。本題核

心：應(yīng)同時關(guān)注兩方面內(nèi)容，一是文章的開頭和結(jié)尾，二是具體段落的論證重點，

以得出正確結(jié)論。

MemoryBrainsaredifferentfromcomputers,buttheanalogycanbehelpful.LikethePC

onyourdesk,yourmindisequippedwithtwobasictypesofmemory:"working

memory"fbrjugglinginformationinthepresentmoment,and"long-termmemory"for

storingitoverextendedperiods.Contrarytopopularwisdom,ourbrainsdon'trecord

everythingthathappenstousandthenburyituntilahypnotistoratherapisthelpsus

dredgeitup.Mostofwhatweperceivehoversbrieflyinworkingmemory,amentalplay

spaceakintoacomputer'sRAM,thensimplyevaporates.Workingmemoryenablesyou

toperformsimplecalculationsinyourheadorretainphonenumberslongenoughtodial

them.AndlikeRAM,itletsyouanalyzeandinventthingswithoutcreatingalasting

record.Long-termmemoryactsmorelikeaharddrive,physicallyrecordingpast

experiencesinthebrainregionknownascerebralcortex.Thecortex,orouterlayerofthe

brain,housesathicketof10billionvine—likenervecells,whichcommunicateby

relayingchemicalandelectricalimpulses.Wecanwillthingsintolong-termmemory

simplybyrehearsingthem.Butthedecisiontostoreordiscardapieceofinformation

rarelyinvolvesanyconsciousthought.It'susuallyhandledautomaticallybythe

hippocampus,asmall,two-wingedstructurenestleddeepinthecenterofthebrain.Like

thekey-boardonyourcomputer,thehippocampusservesasakindofswitchingstation.

Asneuronsoutinthecortexreceivesensoryinformation.Theyrelayittothe

hippocampus.Ifthehippocampusresponds,thesensonneuronsstartformingadurable

network.Butwithoutthatactofconsent,theexperiencevanishestbrever.Bystoringonly

theinformationweremostlikelytouse,ourbrainsmaketheworldmanageable.Perfect

retentionmaysoundlikeagodsend,butwhenthehippocampusgetsoverlypermissive,

theresultscanbedevastating.Attheotherendofthespectrumstandsimpairmentsofthe

memory,whichcanbecausedbybrainsurgeryaswellasnormalaging.Othermemory

bustersincludedepression,anxietyandasimplelackofstimulation—allofwhichkeep

usfrompayingfullattentiontooursurroundings.What,then,arethebestwaystoprotect

yourmemory?Obviously,anyoneconcernedaboutstayingsharpshouldmakeapointof

sleepingenoughandmanagingstress.Andbecausethebrainisatthemercyofthe

circulatorysystem,aheart-healthylifestylemayhavecognitivebenefitsaswell.

11、Accordingtollicpassage,theworkingniciiiuryandllicloiig-lcruiincmuiyaic

respectivelyfbr.

A、processinginformationandrecordinginformation.

B、calculationandconfirmingthecalculations.

C、storinginformationandperformingcalculations.

D、storinginformationandprocessingthestorage.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

12、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A^Whatweareincontactswithmaynotbeallstoredinthethebrain.

B>Whatweareincontactswitharejustshort-livedinthebrain.

C^Allofourimmediateknowledgemaybeallreadyforuse.

D^Onlysomeinformationintheworkingmemorycanberetrievedlater.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

13>Thehippocampusiscomparedtoakeyboardbecause.

A、onlywheninformationisrelatedtothehippocampuscanthesensoryneuronsstart

functioning.

alltheinputofinformationcanbefunctionedbythehippocampus.

C>thehippocampuscantransformalltheinformationreceivedintothecortex.

D、onlywhenthehippocampusisfunctioningcantheinformationbeused.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

14、Whatahumanbraincanrememberanduselargelydependson.

A>thecooperationbetweenthecerebalcortexandthehippocampus.

B、thecooperationbetweenthecerebalcortexandtheneurons.

C、howtheneuronsandthehippocampusareworking.

D、howmucheffortahumanbeingismadeinstoringreceivedinformation.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

15、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A、Alltheinformationintheworkingmemorycanbestoredinthelong-termmemory.

Onlysomeoftheinformationcanbestoredinthelong-termmemory.

C>Ifthereceivedinformationisnotjuggled,itmaysoondepartfromthememory.

D^Alltheinformationinthelong-termmemoryisfromtheworkingmemory.

標準答案：A^

知識點解析：暫無解析

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