b

lThirstforChange:SafeguardingwatersecurityforsustainabledatacentergrowthInpartnershipwithTheglobaldatacentersectorisonasteepgrowthtrajectory.

Already,itisprojectedtobewortharound$527billion1,withforecastssuggestingthemarketcouldalmostdoubleby2030.Thisexpansionisbeingfueledbyapowerfulsetofdrivers:theriseof

AIandmachinelearning,therapidgrowthofcloudcomputing,ongoingdigitaltransformation,

theproliferationof

theInternetof

Things(IoT),theadoption

of5Gnetworks,andanincreasingemphasisondatasovereignty,security,regulation,andsustainable,energy-

efficienttechnologies.Inrecognitionof

theirincreasinglyvitalroleinsustainingdigitallife,supportingeconomicgrowthandpoweringessentialservicessuchashealthcare,financialsystems,andcommunications,somegovernmentsnowclassifydata

centersascriticalinfrastructure2

.However,unliketraditional

infrastructure,muchof

thesectorremainsprivatelyowned.

Evenwhereinfrastructureisprivatized,ittendstostillbesubjecttosignificantregulatoryoversight.Thisdynamicplacesaparticularimportanceonpublicandprivatesector

collaborationtoensurethatdevelopmentandregulationcankeeppacewithinnovationwhilealsosafeguarding

reliability,resilience,andsocietalneeds.b

lOneareawherethenecessityofcollaborationisespeciallypronouncedissustainability,giventhepressurethisrapiddatacenterexpansionisplacingonournaturalresources,andtheenergyandlandrequired.Amongthemostpressing

sustainabilityissuesfordatacentersiswaterefficiency.Aswewillsee,datacentersareincrediblythirsty,andtheirrapidexpansioniscomingatatimewhenwaterscarcityisof

significantglobalconcern.Thispaperexploresglobaldatacentercapacityandambitions,comparingthesetowatersecuritylevelsandthesustainabilitypoliciesandlegislationinplacetoaddressthis.Nearlytwo-thirds(63%)3

ofbusinessleadersagreethatbusinessesshouldacknowledgewaterusageandefficientwatermanagementaskeyenvironmentalchallengesassociatedwithAI.Buildingasectorthatisboth

fitforpurposeandenvironmentallyresponsiblerequirespoolingexpertise,mobilizinginvestment,andimplementing

regulatoryframeworksthatbalanceopportunitywithenvironmentalstewardship.Businessleaderswhoagreebusinesses

shouldacknowledgewaterusageand

efficientwatermanagementaskeyenvironmentalchallengesassociatedwith

AIIntroduction63%@2025BSI.Allrightsreserved.

2WaterSecurity-AGlobal

PictureTheUnitedNationshaswarnedthat,already,half

the

world’spopulationlivesinwater-stressedregions4

.Findingsfromour2024ThirstforChangepartnershipwithWaterwisereinforcedtheurgencyof

theglobalwater

securitychallenge,revealingthatnearlyathird(29%)of

the

42countriesanalyzedfacehightoveryhighlevelsof

water

insecurity.Thisissueisonlygrowingduetoacombination

ofpopulationgrowth,climatechangeandeconomicdevelopment,allof

whichisdrivingincreasingdemand.Thisismorepronouncedinsomecountries,regionsorindeedindifferentsectors,butitisanissuethatis

relevant

to

usall.b

l@2025BSI.Allrightsreserved.

3Againstthisbackdrop,ensuringthewaterefficiencyofdatacentersbecomesaglobalenvironmentalpriority.Data

centersareamongthetoptenwater-consumingcommercial

industriesworldwide5

.Themajorityof

waterconsumptioninthesectorisindirect6,tiedtoelectricityproductionandsupply.However,a

significantproportionofdirectwaterconsumptionisdueto

datacentercooling-whichiscurrentlyafundamentalprocess

tothesuccessfuloperationof

thecenters7

.Thousandsofserversrunningaroundtheclockgeneratevastamountsof

heat.Withouteffectivecooling,systemscouldoverheatand

failwithinminutes,causingbothoperationaldisruptionand

costlyhardwaredamage.Tomanagethis,datacentersrelyoneitherair-coolingorwater-coolingsystems.Theformerapproachusesfansandair

conditioningandislesseffectiveforhigh-densitycomputingenvironments.Bycontrast,water-basedcoolingisfarmoreefficientatremovingheat8,whichexplainswhyhyperscaleoperatorsincreasinglyfavorthismethoddespiteitssignificant

waterrequirements.Thescaleofconsumptionisstark,withanalysissuggestingthatasingleone-megawattdatacenter

usingtraditionalmethodssuchasdirectevaporativecooling

canconsumemorethan25millionlitersof

waterannually9

.Addressingthesechallengesrequiresproactivecollaboration

acrosspublicandprivatesectors,fromregulationandpolicy,

measurementandreportingandtheimplementationof

water

efficiencymeasures.Datacentersarerelatively

‘new’comparedtomoretraditionalinfrastructuresuchasenergy,transportandwatersystems.Thismeansthattheypostnewconsiderationsbutalsothatwehavetheopportunitytointegratesustainabilityandwaterefficiencymeasuresintotheirdesignandoperationsalmostfromtheoutset,ratherthanfacingthechallengesofretroactivelyaddressingthesecriticalenvironmentalissueslateron.Withexpertguidance,standardsandframeworksofbestpractice,andassurancetools,developersandoperatorscantaketangiblestepstodaytoimprovethesustainability,andspecificallythewater

efficiency,of

theirfacilities,therebysafeguardingbothcurrent

operationsandfuturegrowth.Asnationscompetetoharnesstheeconomicpotentialofthedatacentersector,thebalancebetweenambitionand

responsibilitywillbecritical.Ensuringwaterefficiencyisnotonlyvitalfortheresilienceof

thesector,butalso,asthe

AItransformationgatherspaceandmoredatacentersare

needed,forsecuringthewateravailabilityofnationsandcontributingtoawatersecureworldforall.Datacentersandwaterb

l@2025BSI.Allrightsreserved.

4Agricultureand

irrigationGlobally,agricultureusesabout70%ofallfreshwaterwithdrawals10,translatingtomorethan7,570.82

trillionlitersof

waterannually—over20trillionlitersperday.11HospitalsWaterconsumptionperhospitalbedcan

vary,butresearchsuggestsittypicallyrangesfrom109,000

to657,000litersannually,dependingoncountryandhospitaltype.Europeanhospitalsshowannual

consumptionbetween182,500and365,000litersperbed.12PowergenerationAccordingtotheWorldMeteorologicalOrganisation(WMO)13,in2020,87%ofglobalelectricitygenerated

fromthermal,nuclearandhydroelectricsystemsdirectlydependedonwateravailability.Europeisreportedtouse72.3trillionlitersforenergyproductionannually14,whilsttheUSused179.8trillionliters

of

waterforpowergenerationin202015,andAustraliausedaround60trillionlitersof

waterforelectricity,

gas,waterandwasteservicesthroughout2021.16Golf

coursesTheaverage18-holegolfcoursecanuseuptoapproximately757.1millionlitersof

waterannually17.

However,thiscan

varygreatlydependingonthelocationof

thecourse,witharidregions(likethesouthwesternUSorsouthernSpain)requiringsignificantlymoreirrigation.PublicswimmingpoolsWhileatotalannualfigureisunavailable,publicswimmingpoolsarereportedtouseanaverageof96.1

litersof

waterperperson,perday.18DatacentersAhyperscaledatacentercanuseupto757.1millionlitersof

waterannuallytocoolitshardware19.

Amedium-sized15-megawattdatacenterusesasmuchwaterannuallyasthreeaverage-sizedhospitalsor

morethantwo18-holegolfcourses.20Howdodatacenterscompare?Assessingwateruseacrosssocietal

infrastructureWateruse

for

AIMeanwhiletheAImodelGPT-3,anAImodel,isestimatedtoconsume500mlof

waterper10-50responses.By2027,

globalAI

demandisexpectedtoaccountfor4.16-6.44trillionlitersof

waterwithdrawal20

.b

l@2025BSI.Allrightsreserved.

5Countryoverviews:Datacentresand

watersecurity

21b

l@2025BSI.Allrightsreserved.

6IndiaAsacountryleadingthechargetoembraceAI,itfollowsthatIndia’sdatacentersectorwasgranted

‘infrastructurestatus’26

to

streamlineaccesstolong-termcapital.In2020thegovernment

publishedtheDraftNationalDataCentrePolicy27

.Althoughnot

initiallyimplemented,thegovernmentreopenedplansin202528

.

TheplanaimstomakeIndiaa

‘globaldatacenterhub’

through

policymechanismssuchassimplifyingpolicytoasingle-window

clearancesystem,establishingDataCenterEconomicZones,recognizingdatacentersas

‘essentialservices’,andgrowing

domesticmanufacturingfordatacentercomponents.Despitethispursuitofgrowth,thereappearstobeadearthofnationalpoliciesaddressingthesustainabilityof

thesefacilities29,

althoughsomeintheindustryaretakingstepsthemselves(forexample,companiesincludingEquinix,WebWerksandCtrlSare

prioritizinguseofair-cooledchillersoverwater-cooledchillersfortheirIndiandatacenters).ThedraftNationalDataCentrePolicy2020doesencouragethe

useofrenewableenergysourcesbutdoesnotmandatethem,

anditdoesn’taddresstheissueof

waterconsumption.Thisisdespitewarningsof

watershortagesbeingahigh-riskfactorfor

datacentersincitiesincludingChennai,Bengaluru,Hyderabad,

andDelhi,andmoderate-to-highriskforMumbai.Water

security

and

solutions

score*52/85High

highwaterinsecurityand

slowprogresstowardssolutionsDatacentercapacityEstimatesrangefrom15322

–27023Valueof

sectorAnestimated$10billion24FutureprojectionsCapacityprojectedtoreach3,400MWby203025Policy

focuson

waterefficiencyanddatacentersNo*

ThirstforChange2024,WaterSecurity&SolutionsIndicator

providescountry-levelassessmentsandcomparisonsof

thewatersecuritychallengeandprogressbeingmadetowardssolutions.Itdrawsonpubliclyavailabledataandapublicattitude

surveyundertakenbyBSI.

A

‘verylow’

scoreindicateslowlevels

of

waterinsecurityandgreatestprogresstowardssolutions.@2025BSI.Allrightsreserved.

7ChinaChinaappearstobeexperiencingsignificantgrowthinitsdata

centercapacity,drivenbyfactorsincludingincreasingdigitalservicesanddatastorageneeds,aswellastherolloutof5G

networksandregulation33

.TheEasternDataandWesternComputingprojectwaslaunched

in2022withtheaimofsupportingcontinuedgrowthof

thedatacentersectorthrougharebalanceofsupplyanddemand

acrossEasternandWesternChina34

.EasternandSoutheastern

regionsofChinaarehighlypopulatedandhostthemajorityof

industryandbusiness,resultinginahighdemandfornetwork

processingcapacityandstorage.Conversely,remoteWesternregionshavelowerpopulationdensityandsmallerindustrialandbusinesspresence,yethaveamplelandandaccesstoresources,inparticular,renewableenergyfromwind,solar,andhydroelectricpower,whichcanbeusedforcooling.Bydevelopingcomputinghubsanddatacenterclustersinthoseareas,theintentionisthattherewillbe

enoughdatatosupplyChina’spopulousandeconomicallyactive

easternregions.TheChinesegovernmentdoesappeartohavesetsustainability

targetsfordatacenters,includingaroundenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergytargets35

aswellaswaterefficiencymeasures36

.Forexample,inBeijing,

NingxiaandGansuwater

efficiencystandardsfordatacenterprojectsareincreasingwith

requirementstoutilizeadvancedcoolingmethodsthatreduce

waterconsumptionandthephasingoutof

waterandenergyinefficientdatacenters.50/85High-highwaterinsecurityandslowprogresstowardssolutions44930

datacentersreported,makingit

thefourthhighestcountrygloballyfortotaldatacenters31

andtheleadingnationinAsia-Pacific.$47.23Billion

in202432Expectedtogrowto$97.30billionby203032SomelocalizedrequirementsWater

security

and

solutions

score*DatacentercapacityValueof

sectorFutureprojectionsPolicy

focuson

waterefficiencyanddatacenters@2025BSI.Allrightsreserved.

8AustraliaIntheirDataandDigitalGovernmentStrategy39,theAustralian

governmentsetoutavision

‘toimplementworldclassdataand

digitalcapabilitiestodeliveroutstandingoutcomesforall’.The

documentmadenomentionofdatacentercapacity,butthere

isawideraimofpositioningAustraliaasaregionalAPAChubfordatacenters40

byprovidingclearregulatoryframeworks,and

investmentincentives.Sustainabilityisalreadyformingpartofdatacenterpolicyandregulation,suchastherequirementfrom

July2025foralldatacentershostingfederalgovernmentworkloadstomeetaminimum5-starenergyefficiencyratingundertheNationalAustralianBuiltEnvironmentRatingSystem41

.Thegovernment

hasalsotakenstepstointroduceconditionsthatalldatacenter

providersforthegovernmentcomplywithgreenhousegasemissionthresholds,utilizeaccreditedrenewableenergyand

aimforaPowerUsageEffectivenessoflessthan1.442

.Withregardstowaterefficiency,alldatacenterprojectsmust

obtainconsenttoconnecttotherelevantwaterauthority’sexistinginfrastructureandcomplywithstateormunicipality

generalwaterpoliciesandplanningregulations43

.Giventhat,

aswehaveseen,datacenterstendtobehigh-waterdemand

projects,theymayfacefurtherrequirementswhereexisting

infrastructuredoesnothavethecapacitytocaterforthedevelopment.39/85Medium–averagelevelsof

waterinsecurityandmoderateprogresstowardssolutions31437$1.72billionasof202438Expectedtoreach$4.98billionby203038Somegeneralwaterpoliciesrelatedtoplanningregulationsthat

varydependingonlocal

jurisdictionWater

security

and

solutions

score*DatacentercapacityValueof

sectorFutureprojectionsPolicy

focuson

waterefficiencyanddatacenters@2025BSI.Allrightsreserved.

9US“Withoutquestion,”PresidentTrumptoldanindustryaudience,“AmericaisthecountrythatstartedtheAIrace.”46

Datacentersareacriticalcomponent

of

that,andweareseeingpolicyandlegislationaimedatacceleratinggrowth

inthesector,withanexecutiveorderfacilitatingpermits47

andensuringinfrastructureavailability48

.Atanationallevel,USdatacenterscomplywithgeneralfederallaws49includingthoserelatingtogreenhousegasemissions,wastemanagement,

wateruseandhazardousmaterials.However,theAmerica’sAIActionPlan,

whichincludesover90initiativestargetingtherapidexpansionofhigh-capacitydatacenters,makesseveralrecommendationsforenvironmental

regulationreform50,withtheproposalsfallingonthesideofdevelopment

ratherthanresourceprotection.Theseincludecreatingnewcategoricalexclusionsforroutinedatacenterrelatedconstruction,creationofanationwidepermittoremovepre-constructiondelays,streamliningorreducingregulationsforenvironmental

relatedpermits,anddirectingagencieswithsignificantfederallandsavailabletoidentifysitessuitedforlarge-scaleconstructionofdatacenters.Whiletheplandidnotprovidestepstoachievetheserecommendations,anExecutiveOrder51

wasissueddirectingagenciestofast-trackenvironmentalpermittingunderlawssuchastheCleanWaterAct,CleanAirAct,andNational

EnvironmentalPolicyAct.Whileprogressonenvironmentalconsiderationsappearslimitedatthefederallevels,somestateswithahighernumberofdatacentershaveintroducedorareconsideringregulationsonwaterefficiencytoaddressdroughtandscarcityrisks.ExamplesincludeCaliforniaproposingtaxincentivesfordatacentersadoptingwater-efficientcoolingsystems(although

thestrengthof

theseplansappearstobeinquestion)52,orplansinTexastoallocatebillionstowardswaterinfrastructure53

inresponsetoreportsthat,

by2030,datacenterswillaccountforapproximately6.6%of

thestate’stotal

wateruse54

.Water

security

and

solutions

score*53/85High-highwaterinsecurityandslowprogresstowardssolutionsDatacentercapacityReportedtobeover5,40044Valueof

sectorValuedatapproximately$208billionin202445FutureprojectionsExpectedtoreach$308billionby203045Policy

focuson

waterefficiencyanddatacentersNo,howeversomestatesareconsideringtheintroductionof

waterefficiencyincentives@2025BSI.Allrightsreserved.

10JapanIntermsof

thesector’svalue,

JapanappearstobeAsia’ssecond-largestdata

centermarketandthethirdgloballybehindtheUSandChina57

.Thisrelates

tobusinessesadoptingdigitaltechnologiessuchascloudcomputing,AI,the

Internetof

Things(IoT),and5G,aswellasthecountry’srobustandstableinfrastructurefoundation,strategiclocation,reliablepowersupply,favorable

regulatoryenvironmentandgovernmentsupportforthesector,includingtax

incentives.The

Japanesegovernmentpositioneddatacentersasastrategicsectorintheirso-called“GrandDesignandExecutionPlanforaNewFormofCapitalism—2024Revision”highlightingthesectorasapriorityforeconomic

growth58.Thegovernmentaimstodevelopadigitalinfrastructuretosupport

an“AIsociety”bythe2030s,withfourpillars59

:decentralizingdatacentersoutsideurbancores,fosteringR&Dandimplementationofnewtechnologies,

expandingglobalnetworkconnectivity(suchassubmarinecablelandingstations),andcoordinatingwithdecarbonizationpolicies.Japan’sdatacenteroperatorsarerequiredtoreportannuallyontheirPower

UsageEffectiveness(PUE)60

andareexpectedtoachieveatargetPUEvalue

of1.4.Thisispairedwiththegovernment’sGreenGrowthStrategy61

which

requiresdatacenterstoachievea30%reductioninenergyuseby2030andreachcarbonneutralityby2040.Otherinitiativesincludethe

‘Watt-BitCollaboration’

strategywhichencouragestheco-locationofdatacentersand

gigawatt-scalerenewableorlow-carbonenergysources.Despitethesepositivemoves,therearecurrentlynonationallawsorguidelines

regardingwaterconsumptionofdatacenters.TheSustainabilityStandardsBoardof

JapanissuedinauguralsustainabilitydisclosurestandardsinMarch202562,requiringlarge,listedcompanies,oftenincludingdatacenteroperators,

toreportontheirclimatestrategy,energyuse,andotherESGmeasuresincludingrequirementsthatrelatetowaterusefromMarch2027.48/85High-highwaterinsecurityandslowprogresstowardssolutions22255Valuedatapproximately$20.5billion56Expectedtogrowtoover$40billionby203356Phasedapproachoflegalrequirementfor

ESGreportingincludingwateruse.Starting

withlargestlistedcompaniesinMarch2027Water

security

and

solutions

score*DatacentercapacityValueof

sectorFutureprojectionsPolicy

focuson

waterefficiencyanddatacentersb

l@2025BSI.Allrightsreserved.

11TheNetherlandsDatacentercapacityintheNetherlandsisestimatedtorepresenta2.8%shareof

theEuropeanmarket.Thisishelpedbythecountry’sstrongdigitalinfrastructure,whichisrecognized

asaprioritybythegovernment,whoareencouragingcoordinateddevelopment.Sustainablegrowthof

theDutchdatacentersectorisakeypriority,withTheNetherlandsenforcingacombinationofnationalandEUpolicies65,includinglegislationandregulationsuchastheEUEnergyEfficiencyDirective,theCorporateSustainabilityReportingDirective,theEUTaxonomyRegulation

andtheOmgevingswet(EnvironmentalAct).EUmemberstates

canalsofollowthevoluntaryinitiativeEUCodeofConductonDataCentreEnergyEfficiency66,whichalongsideenergycontains

water,heat,andresourcereuseconsiderationsforoperators.Allof

theseincluderequirementsrelatingtobothenergyandwateruse,aswelltheErkendeMaatregelenlijst(Recognizedlistofmatters),whichmandatestheimplementationofgovernment-approvedenergy-savingactionsincludingtheupgradingofcoolingsystemswhichcanimpactthewaterefficiencyof

thedatacenter.TheNetherlandsalsoenforcesthe

Verdringingsreeks(Displacementseries),anadditionalmeasure

tosupportwatersecurity,wherebyinperiodsof

waterscarcity,

localwaterauthoritiesfollowahierarchytoprioritizewaterallocation,withdrinkingwaterneedsalwaystakingprecedence

overdatacenterorindustrialcoolinguse67

.40/85Medium-averagelevelsof

waterinsecurityandmoderateprogresstowardssolutions29863Valuedatapproximately$1.22billion64Significantgrowthprojectionsestimatinga

valueof$3.39billionby203064CombinationofnationalandEUpoliciesWater

security

and

solutions

score*DatacentercapacityValueof

sectorFutureprojectionsPolicy

focuson

waterefficiencyanddatacentersb

l@2025BSI.Allrightsreserved.

12FranceTheParismetropolitanareaaccountsforover80%ofFrance’sdatacentersupply70

.Overall,thecountryhasambitiousdatacentertargets,andthepresidencyandgovernmenthavepubliclyframedapushtomakeFranceanAIandcloudcompute

hub.Thisincludesambitionstoscaledatacentercapacitysubstantiallythroughthe

comingdecade,withPresidentMacronannouncinga$109billioninvestmentinAI71

whenthecountryhostedaglobalAIsummit.France’snationalindustrialstrategyexplicitlyprioritizescoredigitalinfrastructureandcomputecapacityaspartof

wider

techsovereigntyandAIgoals72

.DatacentersareregulatedunderFrance’sICPEregimeforenvironmentalprotection

(InstallationsClasséespourlaProtectiondel’Environnement)73,withobligationsfordeclarationsandauthorizationsrelatedtoenergyandcoolingsystems.The

regimeincludesreviewsof

waterabstraction,discharges,biodiversityandother

environmentalimpacts.Operatorsalsofacepenaltiesincludingfinesandpublic

“nameandshame”measuresfornon-compliance.TheFrenchgovernmenthasalsoofferedpartialortotalenergytaxexemptionsfor

datacentersthatmeetspecifiedenergy-efficiencycriteria74,withleverstoloweroperatingcosts.Inaddition,FrancehasnowtransposedtheEuropeanEnergy

EfficiencyDirective(EED)intoFrenchlawsettingoutaregulatoryframeworkfor

assessingtheenergyperformanceofdatacenters.WaterabstractionanddischargefordatacentersinFranceisregulatedunderthenationalWaterCode75

.Projectsthatwithdrawwaterabovestatutorythresholdsmusteitherdeclareorobtainauthorization,whichwouldlikelyapplytodatacenters

requiringwaterforcooling.FrancealsoenforceskeyEUregulationsincludingtheCorporateSustainabilityReportingDirective(CSRD)andtheEUTaxonomy,regulatory

frameworksthatareactivelyshapingwateruseandbroaderenvironmentalmeasuresfordatacenters.EUmemberstatescanalsofollowthevoluntaryinitiative

EUCodeofConductonDataCentreEnergyEfficiency76,whichalongsideenergycontainswater,heat,andresourcereuseconsiderationsforoperators.Water

security

and

solutions

score*37/85Low–lowlevelsof

waterinsecurity

andgoodprogresstowardssolutionsDatacentercapacity322,with17-21morein

planning68Valueof

sectorGeneratedanestimated$8,819.1million

in202569Futureprojections$14.02million

in203069Policy

focuson

waterefficiencyanddatacentersCombinationofnationalandEUpoliciesb

l@2025BSI.Allrightsreserved.13GermanyGermanyappearstobethelargestdatacentermarketinEuropebynumberof

facilities,withmanynewlarge-scaledata

centerprojectsunderway.ThefederalgovernmentdescribesdatacentersascoretoGermany’sdigitalinfrastructureandinnovationstrategy79

andisdevelopinganationalapproachto

strengthenGermanyasadata-centerlocationwhileprotecting

energyandclimategoals.GermanyisalsolookingtotheEUforbackingforlargeAIdata-processingfacilitiesandtoalign

nationalpolicywithEUinitiatives(e.g.,fundingtobuildAI“gigafactories”

andstrengthenEuropeanAIinfrastructure)80

.Inaddressingthesustainabilityofdatacenters,theGermanEnergyEfficiencyAct(Energieeffizienzgesetz)imposesbinding

energy-efficiencyobligationsthatexplicitlycoverdatacenters81

.

Thisincludesregulationscoveringtheavoidanceanduseofwasteheat,powerusageeffectiveness,powersupplyfrom

renewableenergiesandtheimplementationofenergyand

environmentalmanagementsystems.TheFederalWaterAct(WHG)isGermany’smainnationalwaterlaw82

.Itimplements,amongotherthings,theEUWater

FrameworkDirective,aswellasregulatingabstractionanddischargetowaterbodies.Permitsorotherauthorizationsare

requiredwhenthresholdsarecrossed.UndertheEUEnergyEfficiencyDirective(EED),datacenteroperatorsinGermanyhavereportingobligationswhichinclude

waterusage83

.GermanyalsoenforcestheEU’sCSRDandother

keyregulations,whichplayacentralroleinwatermanagement.

EUmemberstates