1、附錄一外語翻譯英語原文assessment and rehabilitation of embasankment damsNasim Uddin，P.E .M.ASCE1abstract : a series of observations，studies，And analyses to be made in the field And in the office are presented to gain a proper understedit is intensided to provide an introduction to the engineering challenges of

2、 a Ssessment and rehabilitation of emankment，with particular referencedoi : 10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(2002)16333694(176)ce database keywords : rehabilitation；Dams，embankmentAssessmentIntroductionMany major faclities，hydraulic or otherwise，have become very old and badly deeriorated；more and more owners

3、 are coming to realize that the cost of restoring their facilities is taking up a signiant fraction of their operating budgets。Rehabilitation is，therefore，beoming a major growth industry for the future。in emmankment dam engineering，Neither the foundation nor the fills are premanufactured to standard

4、s or codes，And their performancebecause of this，therefore，There remains a wide variety of opinion and practice among engineers working in the field . many aspects of designeersin spite of advances in related technologies，however，it is likey that the building of emankment s And therefore their mainte

5、nance，howeverassessment procedures for existing dams，if there are no design codes . many agences(the u . s . army corps of engineers，usbr，engineers)have developed checklists for field inspections，for example，And suggested formats And topics for assessment reporting . how everThey serve as guidelines

6、，reminders，And examples of what to look for And report on，but they serve as no substitute for an experiencedseveral key factors should be examined by the engineer in the context of the mandate agreed upon with the dam owner，And these together with relevantRehabilitation Measuresthe main factors affe

7、cting the performance of an emmankment dam are(1)see page；(2)可用性；And (3) free board。for an emankment dam，all of these factors are interrelated。seepage May cause erosion and piping，Which May lead to instability . instability May cause cracking，Which，in turn，May cause pipingThe measures taken to impro

8、ve The stability of an existing dam again ST seepage And piping will depend on The lo The seepage，the seepage volumeemankment slope stability is usually improved by attening the slopes or providing a toe berm。this slope stabilization is usual Ly combined with drainage measures at the downstream toe。

9、if the stability of the upstream slope under rapid drawdown conditions is of concern，Then further analysis and/or monitoring of resultingmay eliminate or reduce these concerns . finally，raising an earth ll dam is usually a relatively straight forward ll placement operation，emay eliminate or reduce t

10、hese concerns . finallythe interface between the old and new lls must be given close attention both in design a Nd construction to ensure the continuity of the impervious elementionrehabilitation of an emankment dam、however、is rarelyachieved by a single measure . usually a combination of measures，su

11、ch as the installation of a cut off plus a pressure relief system，Is usedin rehabilitation work，the effectiveness of the repairs is difficult to predict；Often，a phased approach to the work is neceary，with monitoring and instrumentation evaluated as the work proceeds。in the rehabilitation of dams，The

12、 security of The existing dam must be an overriding concern。it is not un common for the dam to have suffered signiant distress-often due to the Deficiencies that the rehabilitation measures are to addressthe dam may be in poor condition at the outset and may possily be in a marginly stable condition

13、。therefore，How the rehabilitation work may change the present conditions，both during construction and in the long term，must be assessionsin the following text，A case study is presented as an introduction to the engineering challenges of emankment rehabilitation，with partiicularCase Studythe croton dam project is locted on the muskegon river in Michigan。the project is owned and operated by the consumer power company。the project struc Tu