1、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 連接詞：that, whether, if 不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 連接副詞：when, where, how, why二、不可省略的連詞：1. 介詞后的連詞2. 引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won. 三、whether與if 均為是否的意思。 但在下列情況下，只用w

2、hether：1. whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首2. 引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句 3. whether從句作介詞賓語 It all depends on whether they will support us.4. 后面直接跟動詞不定時 He doesnt know whether to stay or not.5. 從句后有or not We didnt know whether or not she was ready.6. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，只能用whether Whether you like it or not, you must do it well.主語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要用來作主

3、語的句子叫做主語從句。如：(1)When he was born is unknown. 他生于何時還不知道。(2)What he did last night is being investigated. 他昨天晚上干了些什么正在調(diào)查之中。引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有：連詞：that, whether, if(只限it作形式主語時用)疑問代詞: who, what, which疑問副詞：when, where, how, why 在主語從句中須注意：1. 主語從句一般用it作形式主語，放在句首，而將主語從句放到句末。如：(1)It is possible that he has stolen the

4、car. 很可能他偷了小車。(2)Isnt it strange that he should not have passed the test? 他測試沒有通過，難道不奇怪嗎？2. if引導(dǎo)主語從句時，只能用it作形式主語，放在句首，而將if引導(dǎo)的主語從句放到句末。如：It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他是否去北京還不敢肯定。3. that引導(dǎo)主語從句放在句首時，that不可省。如：That he was ill yesterday is known now. 大家都已知道他昨天生了病。4. 主語從句中主句的謂語

5、動詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，但what引導(dǎo)主語從句的主句謂語動詞的形式須根據(jù)句子的意思來判斷。 (1)How he worked it out is still a secret. 他是如何把它做出來的還是一個秘密(2)What they make in this factory are TV sets. 他們在工廠里所做的東西就是電視機(jī)。常規(guī)主語從句例子：（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing to

6、morrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.（4）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.It作形式主語例子：（1）It is certain that he will win the match.（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistr

7、y（3）It is a pity that we wont be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.（4）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.（5）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.（6）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.（7）It seems that he has

8、seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)（8）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)： (1) It is 名詞從句 It is a fact that 事實是It is an honor that 非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that 是常識 (2) it is 形容詞從句 It is natural that 很自然It is strange that 奇怪的是

9、(3) it is 不及物動詞從句 It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧 (4) it 過去分詞從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報道It has been proved that 已證實主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況： (1) if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (3) It happens, It occurs 結(jié)構(gòu)中的

10、主語從句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (4) It doesnt matter how/whether 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (5) 含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?賓語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要用來充作賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。如：He asked what you were doing last

11、night. 他問你昨天夜晚在干什么。I didnt know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原來不知道他在那事故中受了傷。Can you explain why he didnt come to the party last Sunday? 你能解釋上周星期日他為什么沒有來參加聚會嗎？引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞有：連詞：that, whether，if疑問代詞: who, what, which, whose疑問副詞：when, where, how, why 在賓語從句中須注意：1. that 在口語中常被省略，但在正式的文體中，不能??；并且它一般不能引

12、導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句，但可引導(dǎo)except, but, in 等少數(shù)介詞的賓語從句。如：I didnt know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。I will do anything I can to help you except that Im ill. 只要我身體舒服，我愿做任何事情來幫助你。2. 如果主句的謂語動詞是及物動詞make, find, see, hear, think, consider 等，且賓語從句之后帶有補(bǔ)足語成分時，一般須用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句放到句末，此時的that不能省。如：The boy has made it clear t

13、hat they cant play with his toys. 那個男孩已清楚的表明他們不能玩弄他的玩具。3. 動詞advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(堅決主張), order, propose, request, suggest(建議)等代的賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，即：(should) do的形式。He asked that we (should) get there before nine oclock. 他要求我們在九點鐘之前趕到那兒。The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time

14、. 老師勸告我們不要浪費時間了。4. 賓語從句的時態(tài)與主句的時態(tài)須呼應(yīng)。即：1)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句的謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時態(tài)表示。如：He always says that he is our good friend. 他總是說他是我們的好朋友。When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 當(dāng)老師知道我們所干的事情時，他會說我們做了一件好事。2)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)為過去時，從句的謂語動詞須用響應(yīng)的過去時。如：He didnt tell us

15、he came from Shanghai. 他沒有告訴我們他來自上海。He said he had read the book. 他說他讀過這本書。3)但當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實，而不受時間的限制時，即使主句謂語動詞為過去時，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席說一切帝國主義者都是紙老虎。When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我們還是小孩子的時候，人們就告

16、訴我們說中國在世界的東方。一些作表語的形容詞之后可帶賓語從句，如：sure, happy, glad, certain, confident, aware, afraid, pleased, sorry, surprised, amazed等。I am sure that he will pass the exam.表語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要當(dāng)一個子句充當(dāng)句子的表語時，這個子句就叫做表語從句。如：My idea is that he can teach children English in this school. 我的想法是他能夠在這所學(xué)校教孩子們英語。My hope is that he will

17、 keep it a secret for ever. 我的希望是它將永遠(yuǎn)保守秘密。引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有:連詞：that, whether, as if疑問代詞: who, what, which疑問副詞：when, where, how, why表語從句中應(yīng)注意：1. 連接詞that一般不能省略，但當(dāng)主句中含動詞do的某種形式時，that可以省略。如：What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是走到身邊去感謝他。2. 當(dāng)句子的主語是：advice, demand, decision, desire, i

18、dea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等名詞時，表語從句須用虛擬語氣，即：should +do。如：My advice is that you should go to apologize to him. 我的建議是你應(yīng)該去向他道歉。同位語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要當(dāng)名詞后面所接的從句表示與名詞同位并為名詞的實際內(nèi)容時，這個從句就是同位語從句。如：The news that China has joined the WTO excit

19、ed us all. 中國加入了世界貿(mào)易組織這一消息使我們大家興奮不已。He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon. 他告訴了我們他從單車上摔下來這一真相。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞有:連詞：that，whether疑問副詞：when, where, how, why 同位語中應(yīng)注意：1. 能帶同位語從句的名詞不多，常見的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, informa

20、tion, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。如：Hw sent us a message that he wont come next week. 他送信來告訴我們說，下周他不來了。There is no doubt that he is fit for this jo

21、b. 毫無疑問，它適合這一工作。2. 表示“命令、建議、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名詞的同位語，須用虛擬語氣。Soon came the order that all the people should obey the rules. 不久命令下來了，所有的人不得違犯制度。3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：同位語從句與定語從句形相似而實質(zhì)不同，具體表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：(1)被修飾的詞不同。同位語從句的前面一般是數(shù)量有限的、表示抽象意義的名詞；而定語從句的先行詞是無數(shù)的指人或物名詞。(2)從句的作用不同。同位語從句表示同位名詞的具體內(nèi)容；而定語從句是對先行詞名詞的限制、描繪或說明。(3)引導(dǎo)詞的作用不同。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that是連詞，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，但不能省略；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that為關(guān)系代詞，在從句中擔(dān)任句子的某種成分，當(dāng)擔(dān)任定語從句中的賓語時，that可以省略。(4)引導(dǎo)詞不同。定語從句不能用what, how,