1、統(tǒng)一教育學科教師個性化授課教案講義編號： J H R 教務(wù)主任審核簽字 學員編號： 年級： 課時數(shù)：學生姓名： 輔導科目：英語 學科教師：姜紅日學生姓名：課 題： 英語句子成分授課日期及時段：教學目的 讓學生完全掌握英語句子的成分問題，使學生能夠更好的理解句 子結(jié)構(gòu)知識點 1.句子成分的劃分 2.句子的主要成分 3.句子的次要成分 4.作各個成分相應(yīng)的詞性重點 1.句子的主要成分 2.謂語 3.狀語 4.定語分為前置定語和后置定語 難點 1.句子的主要成分 2.狀語的識別 3.定語的識別 4.賓語補足語考點 1.劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu) 2.識別句子的主要成分 3.能夠準確的翻譯句子技能提升 通過本課的學

2、習，使學生能夠清楚的劃分出句子的主要成分及次 要成分，并能夠清楚的理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)教學效果自評及課后反思教學進程和教學內(nèi)容 （1） 句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。 （2） 主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。 一句話語法: 主語由名詞性的詞來充當. 例如： During the 1990s, A

3、merican country music has become more and more popular.（名詞） The students all love their English teacher. We often speak English in class.（代詞） They go to school by bus.One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） To see is to believe.Smoking do

4、es harm to the health.（動名詞） Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. Its no use regretting it. The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式） （3） 謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和

5、狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。注意動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞為非謂語，不能作謂語。一句話語法: 謂語由動詞充當。有很多同學在寫作的時候容易犯的錯誤就是要么亂用be動詞,要么句子沒有謂語動詞. 1、可作謂語的動詞一般為行為動詞(表動作)和連系動詞(表狀態(tài))，行為動詞根據(jù)其后是否可直接接賓語，又可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。（1）、及物動詞作謂語We should help each other. They respect one another. All of the students like the novel. Did you see many people there? （2）、

6、不及物動詞作謂語 He left here yesterday. Youre driving too fast. The teacher came in, book in hand. He went abroad in the September of 1988. （3）連系動詞表狀態(tài) He is an excellent teacher. Her son is a friend of ours. Ours is a great country. The box itself is not so heavy. 2、謂語的構(gòu)成如下： （1）、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：He prac

7、tices running every morning. （2）、復合謂語：（a）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。注意:這里面的動詞原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （b）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：We are students. （4） 表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。一句話

8、語法: 表語使用形容詞,不用副詞! 例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞） They are brother and sister.John is captain of the team. Is it yours?（代詞）What I want to say is this. The poor boy was myself. The weather has turned cold.（形容詞） The speech is exciting.（分詞） Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞） Her father

9、 is sixty-five. His job is to teach English.（不定式） All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.His hobby（愛好）is playing football.（動名詞） My favourite sport is swimming.The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語） 注意: 副詞可以做表語的只有幾個,非常簡單,考試不考,所以上面說:表語使用形容詞,不用副詞! 我們所復習的語法直接針對高考,不是搞語法研究,這點請大家一定要記住。例如：Time

10、is up. The class is over.（副詞）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句） （五）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。充當賓語的可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞、動詞不定式或整個句子。 一句話語法:賓語由名詞性的詞充當,賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,分別構(gòu)成動賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu),這點非常重要,務(wù)必要牢記.例如： They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to sch

11、ool on time.（代詞） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語） I enjoy listening to popular music.（動名詞短語） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語從句） 賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionar

12、y, please.如果同學搞不清楚什么是雙賓語,記下下面這個句子: give me a book.一人一物做賓語就是雙賓語.說得白一點,雙就是兩個的意思. （2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：They elected him their monitor. （6） 賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整，賓語補足語與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。 帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補）。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。 一句話語法: 賓語補足語使用形容詞,不用副詞.例如

13、： His father named him Dongming.（名詞）They painted their boat white.（形容詞） You must keep it clean. Tom found the climb quite easy. Let the fresh air in.（副詞） You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語） I have a lot of work to do.She has plenty of clothes to wear.He made me repeat the storyWe s

14、aw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞） I have the car waiting. Why dont you have your hair cut?（-ed分詞） We had the machine repaired. I had my watch stolen yesterdayWe found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句） （注意：后跟名詞作賓語補足語的動詞有call, name, think, m

15、ake, choose等； 后跟形容詞作賓語補足語的動詞有keep, find, get, think, make等;動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，當謂語動詞為感官動詞如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to,look at等，使役動詞如let, have, make等，動詞不定式不帶to。）（7） 定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語，是句子中的次要成分?？煞譃榍爸枚ㄕZ和后置定語。一般有形容詞，形容詞性物主代詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞（短語）或句子充當。一句話語法:定語使用形容詞 例如： Guilin i

16、s a beautiful city.（形容詞） Mr. Green has two sons. （數(shù)詞）The man downstairs couldnt sleep well. （副詞） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞） A man going to die is always kind-hearted. The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. There are thirty women teachers is our scho

17、ol.（名詞） Can you find out the answer to the question. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語） Would you like something to drink?The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動名詞） A barking dog seldom bites.He is readin

18、g an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語） The girl under the tree is Kate. Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green?（從句） （8） 狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。一句話語法: 狀語用副詞,不用形容詞，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。可由副詞、名詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞或狀語從句來充當。例如：Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組） He has lived in the city fo

19、r ten years.（介詞短語） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語） He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語） Wait a minute.（名詞） Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句） 狀語種類如下： How about meeting again at six?（時間狀語）Hearing the news, they felt very excited. Go along th

20、is street until you reach the end.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點狀語）Pandas only live in China.You should put the book where it was.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語） Im glad to meet you. Being ill, he didnt go to school. I have quite a lot of work to do. （程度狀

21、語）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（條件狀語） If you dont work hard, youll fall behind the others. Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語） We usually go to school on foot.Please do it as I told you.She came in with a dictionary

22、in her hand.（伴隨狀語） The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語） Well go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. He took some change from his pocket to

23、 buy a newspaper. She got up early so that she could catch the first bus. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語） The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. He left early, so that he caught the train. She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語） Though she has a lot of

24、money, she is unhappy. No matter what happens, I will never lose heart. I am taller than he is.（比較狀語）Your watch is not the same as mine. Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack. 課堂金思維訓練題指出下列句中主語的中心詞 the teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. there is an old man coming here. the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.選出句中謂語的中心詞 (10分，10分鐘) i dont like the picture on the wall. a. dont b. like c. picture d. wall the days get longer and l