1、Unit 1Part II Reading taskComprehensionPossible answers to content questions1. It refers to the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter. 2. He expected the conquest of Russia in five weeks. 3. Instead of fighting, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. They let the Russian wi

2、nter fight the war for them while they bided their time. 4. Napoleon discovered that the occupation of the city was an empty victory because the Russians fled their capital leaving him almost nothing at all. 5. They suffered heavy losses as a result of the extreme cold and the Russians hit-and-run a

3、ttacks. 6. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile. 7. Hitler began his invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941 without a declaration of war. He expected the campaign to last no longer than three months by using the so-called lightning war tactics. 8. No, he wasnt. He instructed the Russian peo

4、ple to scorch the earth in front of the German invaders. 9. The people of Leningrad refused to surrender and put up a heroic, stiff resistance. 10. An early, severe, cold winter, to a large extent, slowed down the German advance on Moscow. 11. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad turned the tide ag

5、ainst Hitler. The German victories were over. 12. The author concludes that the elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity

6、 of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3 -11 Napoleons military campaign against RussiaPart Three Paras 12-20 Hitlers military campaign against the Soviet Union.Part Four Para 21 Conclusion The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection O

7、ne Paras 12 -13 Hitlers blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalins scorched-earth policy.Section Two Paras 14 -18 The battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad.Section Three Paras 19-20 The Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war.Language Sense Enhancement1.1) the fierce resistance

8、2) the long march3) the devastating enemy 4) bleak5) launched 6) military might7) mowed down 8) campaign9) a painful lesson 10) the aidVocabularyI.1.1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the c

9、ase of2.1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on/pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3.1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed

10、 arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers strike.3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporters question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the

11、slide rule out of date/obsolete.4.1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our base.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with

12、this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. Du

13、ring this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.II.1 During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France

14、and Belgium .2 Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/homework paid off.3 I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.4 Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could with

15、stand the harsh weather.III.1 fall ill2 lay dead at home for two weeks3 dropped dead from a heart attack4 fell asleep.5 marrying young6 to sit still for longer than a few minutesComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze11) invasion 2) stand in the way3) Conquest 4) catching (Stalin) off his guard5) launching

16、6) declaration7) campaign 8) drag on9) reckon with 10) bringing (the German advance) to a halt21) allow 2) reckoned 3) highly 4) forecasts 5) rapidly6) instant 7) delivery 8) advantage 9) observing 10) powerfulII. Translation1.1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn

17、 harvest in on the farm.2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3) Having been out of a job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4) Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judg

18、ement.5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.2. The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get a

19、round to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Lucky enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which made the marchl

20、and freeze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Part III Home Reading TaskComprehension Check1. d 2. d3. b 4. a5. b 6. dTranslation1. 6月5日被選定為進攻開始日，其用意是留下一個安全系數(shù)，以

21、防萬一進攻需要推遲。2. 然而，當年春夏之交大風暴異乎尋常地多，希望在這個時候天氣會出現(xiàn)一個適合進攻的風平浪靜的間隙，可能性微乎其微。3. 要是在原定地區(qū)登陸的話，德軍海岸炮群無疑會拼命抵抗并給盟軍造成慘重傷亡。在新登陸區(qū)的登陸幾乎沒有遭到任何抵抗。4. 盡管困難重重，艾森豪威爾在與惡劣天氣的賭博中贏得了勝利。Language Practice1.1) d 2) h 3) b 4) a 5) f 6) e 7) c 8) g2. 1) boast 2) obstacles 3) was concerned 4) call (it) off 5) paid off 6) was pinned d

22、own 7) contesting 8) prior to 9) hold out 10) objective 11) responsible for 12) in casePart IV Comprehensive Language PracticeModel paperCan Man Triumph over Nature?When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against dise

23、ase, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of mans success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts

24、 to tame it. New forms of disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over n

25、ature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.(154 words)Unit 2Part I Listening TaskScript for the recording: Were going to see more and more automation as time goes on. Making a car that goes more than 100 km/h isnt a

26、huge engineering problem but human drivers cant respond fast enough to make those speeds safe. Personally, Im all in favor of letting the car drive itself. Id much rather trust my life to the efforts of engineers and programmers than the angry, sleepy, distracted, incompetent, drunken people who are

27、 behind a lot of wheels now. Its often been said that anyone could have predicted the automobile, but only a science-fiction writer could have predicted the traffic jam. Well, here I am predicting the end of traffic jams: computer-controlled cars wont get in each others way, and they wont slow down

28、as their drivers gaze at accidents in part because there will be many fewer accidents, and in part because the passengers in the car will be able to get a decent look without the car going at a slower speed. There really are a lot of pluses to the self-driving car: you can sleep, drink, read, watch

29、TV, do work whatever you want while getting safely and efficiently to your destination. For my money, we cant make the transition soon enough. Road rage will be a thing of the past; theres no reason driving should be frustrating, or why car accidents should be the leading cause of death of men under

30、 the age of 25. Still, there will be a desire to get out on the open highway and just drive people do enjoy that, and it wont entirely disappear. But in the future when we talk about hybrid cars well mean cars that can be both self-driven and controlled by a driver; the terms manual and automatic wo

31、nt refer to transmissions but the totality of operating the vehicle. So, yeah, you can get out on the highway when the mood strikes you but most of the other vehicles will still be driving themselves.After Listening1. the efforts of engineers and programmers2. traffic jams3. the leading cause of dea

32、th4. a hybridPart II Reading taskComprehensionPossible answers to content questions1. The automobile industry ranked as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century.2. Cars and roads will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century.3. Because it is sensors that will en

33、able vehicles and roads to be able to see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act.4. Sensors can sense if a driver is drunk and refuse to start up the engine.5. The radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. If you make a serious driving mistake the computer will sound an immediate warning.6.

34、If the drivers eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver.7. GPS makes it possible for smart cars to determine their location on the earth to within about a hundred feet.8. With the price of microchips droppin

35、g so drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless.9. It is expected to put smart cars on smart highways.10. They are installing an MIT-designed system which will introduce the automated driver.11. They have great hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated i

36、nto one of the major highways in the United States. By 2020, telematics could be adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United States.12. Smart highways could be an environmental boon, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway ex

37、pansion.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas Part One Paras 1-3 New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 21st century. Part Two Paras 49 With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic accidents, determi

38、ne their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams.Part Three Paras 10 13 GPS and telematics will make it possible to build smart highways, which will benefit us in a number of ways.2. 1) Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act. 2) They can eliminate most of car accidents; 3) They

39、can alert the police and provide precise location of your car if stolen; 4) They can monitor ones driving and the driving conditions nearby; 5) They can alert the driver who feels drowsy; 6) They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.Language Sense Enhancement1.1) cure 2) impact3) o

40、rbiting satellites 4) warn of5) location 6) At any given time7) vibrate 8) detected9) calculate 10) convertedVocabularyI1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuck in 12) approximately2.1) send o

41、ut 2) stand up for3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through7) fill out 8) fall into3.1) The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features2) To suspend our hammock, we need to find two trees ten feet apart.3) Jason faces up to 10 years in prison for offering bribery

42、 money to the US navy official responsible for awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm.4) Manufacturers usually begin by building the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) Medical evidence shows that smoking and lung cancer are correlated in all raci

43、al groups.4. 1) In the 1980s the notion that a car would drive itself was science fiction; today with the application of telematics and remote control, it almost has turned into a reality. Presently lots of the worlds leading automobile companies are poised to launch new smart cars. 2) Sounds are pr

44、oduced by objects that vibrate in the air at a rate that the ear can detect. This rate is called frequency and is measured in hertz, or vibrations per second. 3) Reflective devices are more visible at night and are used in some locations to mark lanes and other significant places on the road. Whats

45、more, automated vehicle-control technologies are presently under development to improve highway safety. These devices are mounted in the vehicle and can alert a driver to an impending hazard or, in an emergency, override the actions of the driver.II. Word FormationClipped words Blendskilo kilogram M

46、edicare medical carememo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellitelib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast television broadcast

47、flu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and CambridgeIII. Usage1. swimming pool 2. drawing board3. enriched Middle English 4. disturbing change5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods7. working population 8. puzzling differencesComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1 ) computerized 2) start up3) be poised to 4

48、) alert5) hazards 6) monotonous7) take control of 8) steer9) lane 10) decrease11) calculate 12) eliminate13) getting stuck in 14) mounted15) detect 16) vapor2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. T

49、ranslation1.1）There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2） The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems.3）The research shows that atmospheric carbon

50、 dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4）The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.5）The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.2. Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized

51、 transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate

52、 most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck i

53、n traffic jams.Part III Home Reading TaskComprehension Check1. a 2. c3. c 4. d5. b 6. bTranslation1. 這類系統(tǒng)易受氣候變化的影響，提供的數(shù)據(jù)不夠精確，但它們不需要特別的道路設施，只需要將車道標志維護好就行了。2. 然而，不用多久，其成本就能為廣大車輛擁有者和駕駛者所接受，尤其是目前不少可以應用的技術(shù)已經(jīng)走向市場，開始了批量生產(chǎn)。3. 電子駕駛應用的最大障礙可能在于一種普遍的觀念，認為這一技術(shù)的應用比實際情況更困難，更昂貴。4. 考慮到所有這些運用安全自動化交通運輸系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)驗，開發(fā)由自動控制系統(tǒng)操

54、縱的公路車輛算不上什么大的飛躍。Language Practice1 1) c 2) a 3) e 4) b 5) f 6) g 7) d 8) h2 1) en route 2) matures 3) equivalent 4) feasible 5) in cooperation with 6) exposure 7) At the start of 8) thereby 9) implemented 10) realistic 11) component 12) by means ofPart IV Comprehensive Language PracticeSample RsumHo

55、ng QinRm. 316, New College DormitoryXuanwu University, 2270 Zhongshan RoadNanjing, Jiangsu Tel: (025) Email: Employment ObjectiveReporter position with a major newspaper or magazineEducationBachelor of Arts in Journalism, Xuanwu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, July 2010? Graduated Magn

56、a Cum Laude with a GPA of 3.6 on a 4.0 scale? Proficient with MS Office, Lotus Notes, Windows XP and the Internet? Courses taken included: Reporting Public Affairs Feature Writing Computer Assisted Reporting Theories of Mass Communication Writing for Mass Communication Advertising and Public Relatio

57、ns World Press Systems Advanced Newspaper DesignEmployment ExperienceReporter Internship with the Yangtze Evening Post, 101 South Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu , June 2009 to August 2009? Researched information for stories for the Transportation and Tourism columns? Interviewed contributors both over the phone and in person? Met every daily deadline successfully, with 100% completion of all assigned reports by specified deadlinesAssistant Editor/Reporter with Jinling Evening News, 53 Jiefang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu , July, 2008 present? Responsible for reporting stu