1、1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior, it is said to be _. A、 prescriptive B、 sociolinguistic C、 descriptive D、 psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexible. A、 m

2、outh B、 lips C、 tongue D、 vocal cords 3、The morpheme vision in the common word television is a(n) _. A、 bound morpheme B、 bound form C、 inflectional morpheme D、 free morpheme4、A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、 coordinator B、 particle C

3、、 preposition D、 subordinator主從連詞 5、Can I borrow your bike? _ You have a bike. A、 is synonymous with B、 is inconsistent with C、 entails D、 presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _. A、 semantics B、 pragmatics C、 socio

4、linguistics D、 psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are _ or generalization泛化. A、 elaboration B、 simplification精簡(jiǎn) C、 external borrowing D、 internal borrowing 8、_ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatica

5、l rules, used as a medium of communication. A、 Lingua franca通用語 B、 Creole C、 Pidgin D、 Standard language標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are v

6、ital to language, namely, _ . A、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and the angular gyrus角回 B、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and cerebral cortex C、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and neurons D、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and Exners area 10、According to Krashen, _ refers to the gradual and subconcious developme

7、nt of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、 learning B、 competence C、 performance D、 acquisitionIII. ()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons. ()22、Voicing i

8、s a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. ()23、The compound word bookstore is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components. ()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and

9、clauses (C) only. ()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English.()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatan

10、tly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise. ()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European. ()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in spe

11、ech situations known as domains. ()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life. ()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. 31、duality32、diachronic linguistics33、broad transcr

12、iption34、morphological rules35、phrase structure rule36、relational opposites37、componential analysis38、context39、euphemism40、brain lateralization V. Answer the following questions. (10%2=20%) 41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration. 42、Brief

13、ly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.英語語言學(xué)試題（2）一、1.The pair of words “l(fā)end”and “borrow”are _.( ) A.gradable opposites B.relational opposites C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scho

14、lar .( ) A.Jacob Grimm B.Rasmus Rask C.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _.( ) A.unusual B.something to be feared C.abnormal D.natural4._produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech

15、ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( ) A.Brocas aphasic B.The linguistic deprivation C.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernickes aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “l(fā)ight”.This shows: .( ) A.They cannot pronounce/n/

16、 B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called _word.( ) A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple7.The function

17、of the sentence “A nice day, isnt it?”is _.( ) A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in _ and vocabulary.( ) A.usage B.grammar C.pronunciation D.structure9._deals with the way in which a language varies t

18、hrough geographical space.( ) A.Linguistic geography B.Lexicology C.Lexicography D.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as _.( ) A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult三

19、、16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( )17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( )18.Linguistics is the course of language.( )19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicat

20、e.( )20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( )21.The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.( )22.Morphology is translated as 形態(tài)學(xué)。( )23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphe

21、mes.( )24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.( )25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.( )四、名詞解釋(每小題3分，共30分)26.general linguistics27.suprasegmental features28.root and stem29.hierarchical structure30.naming theory and conceptualist view31.maxims of quality and manner32.blend

22、ing33.sociolect34.subvocal speech35.contrastive analysis五、論述題(每小題10分，共20分)36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences. (1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible. (2)He saw young men and women present. (

23、3)They were surprised at the presidents appointment.37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples. re-un- anti- super-wise -itis -ize -age英語語言學(xué)試題（3）第一部分 選擇題. 1.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human langua

24、ge is _. A. arbitrary B.non-arbitrary C. logical D.non-productive2.All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips,i.e. rounded, EXCEPT _.3.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed the _. A.phrase structure B.surface structure C

25、.syntactic structure D.deep structure4.The theory of _ accounts for the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions. A.Case Condition B.Adjacent Condition C.parameter D.Adjacent parameters5.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called _. A.p

26、olysemy B.hyponymy C.antonymy D.homonymy6.The utterance Were already working 25 hours a day,eight days a week.obviously violates the maxim of _. A.quality B.quantityC.relation D.manner7.In first language acquisition children usually _ grammatical rules from the linguistic information they hear. A.us

27、e B.accept C.generalize D.reconstruct8.Standardization known as _ is necessary in order to facilitate communications. A.language interpretation B.language identification C.language choice D.language planning9.Which of the following choices is not the key biological basis for human language acquisiti

28、on?_. A.Cerebral cortex B.Neurons C.Eyes D.Angular gyrus10.Basically all the following categories except _ are always missing in the childrens telegraphic speech stage. A.the copula verb be B.inflectional morphemes C.function words D.content words21.( )Human capacity for language has a genetic basis

29、,i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.22.( )A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sou

30、nds distinguish meaning.23.( )Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.24.( )Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical items, but by following a set of syntactic rules that arrange linguistic elements in a particular order.25.( )The same semantic feature

31、occurs in one part of speech only. For example, female occurs only in nouns such as mother, woman girl tigress and so on but not in other parts of speech.26.( )According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts, inviting, ordering, advising, promising and apologizing all fall into the categor

32、y of directives.27.( )New words may be formed from existing words by subtracting an affix thought to be part of the old word; that is, ignorance sometimes can be creative. Thus peddle was derived from peddler on the mistaken assumption that the -er was the agentive suffix.28.( )Women in Western coun

33、tries at least appear to be more status-conscious and sensitive to the social significance of certain linguistic variables.29.( )The case of Genie confirms that the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period and consequently, most linguistic skills cannot develop.30.(

34、 )Conscious knowledge of linguistic rules does ensure acquisition of the rules and therefore an immediate guidance for actual performance.31.narrow transcription32.stem33.derivational affixes34.grammatical relation35.predication36.semantic narrowing37.nonstandard languages38.linguistic taboo39.angul

35、ar erlanguage.Answer the following questions.(10%2=20%)41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.英語語言學(xué)試題（5）一、1.The description of a language as it changes through time is a ( ) study.A. comparative B. diachronicC. up-to-date

36、D. descriptive2. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until recently the most highly developed, is ( ) phonetics.A. auditory B. acoustic C. articulatory D. none of the above three3. What the element -es indicates is third person singular, present tense, the element -ed pa

37、st tense, and -ing progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also ( ).A. phonemes B. morphemesC. allophones D. phones4. Since early 1980s Noam Chomsky and other generatvie linguists proposed and developed a theory of universal grammar known as the ( )

38、theory.A. speech act B. TG C. principles-and-parameters D. minimalist programme5. One way to analyze lexical meaning is ( ).A. predication analysis B. stylistic analysis C. componential analysis D. proposition analysis6. Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the ( ) because this

39、 kind of speech act is identical with the speakers intention.A. locutionary act B. illocutionary act C. perlocutionary act D. constative act7. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar ( ).A. Sir William Jones B. John Firth C. M. A. K. Halliday D. F. D

40、. Saussure8. A bilingual speaker often uses two languages alternatively during a conversation with another bilingual speaker, a speech situation known as ( ).A. discourse role-switching B. activity role-switching C. social role-switching D. code-switching9. A focal point of SLA research has been the

41、 nature and development of L2 learners( ).A. second language B. first language C. foreign language D. interlanguage10. It is estimated that the number of basic words known by English-speaking school children of age six is around ( ).A. 7800 B. 6800 C. 5800 D. 4800三、21. Modern linguistics is mainly d

42、iachronic. ( )22. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar. ( )23. Semantically, the meaning of a compound is often idiomatic, always being the sum total of the meanings of its components. ( )24. Syntact

43、ic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called transformational rules, whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence. ( )25. Componential analysis is a way proposed by the generative semanticists to analyze meaning. ( )26. Linguists found that it would be possible to g

44、ive an adequate description of meaning even if the context of language use was left unconsidered. ( )27. It is generally accepted that the history of the English language is divided into the periods of Old English, Middle English and Modern English. ( )28. When people of a community speak the same l

45、anguage for different purposes, sociolinguistic situations known as diglossia and bilingualism emerge. ( )29. Linguistic lateralization in terms of right hemispheric dominance for language is found to exist in an overwhelming majority of human beings. ( )30. In order to identify the areas of learnin

46、g difficulty, an interlingual contrastive procedure Contrastive Analysis was developed. ( )四、名詞解釋(每小題3分，共30分)31. competence and performance32. minimal pair33. morphology34. finite clause35. sense and reference36. Cooperative Principle37. semantic broadening38. language planning39. the critical perio

47、d hypothesis40. instrumental motivation vs. integrative motivation五41. Under what conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme?42. For the following sentence, draw a tree diagram to reveal its underlying structure. The girl ate the orange.43. Study the passage taken from Shakespeares H

48、AMLET below carefully and identify every difference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is evident. King: Where is Polonius? Hamlet: In heaven, Send thither to see. If your messenger find him not there, seek him i the other place yourself. But indeed, if you find him not within

49、 this month, you shall nose him as you go up the stairs into the lobby. Act IV, Scene iii英語語言學(xué)試題（6）. 1.Chomsky uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language users knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.A. langue B. competenceC. parole D. performance2.

50、In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds tdszn share the feature of ( ).A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M. A. K. Halliday4.Natural languages are viewed to vary

51、 according to ( ) set on UG principles to particular values.A. Adjacent ConditionB. parametersC. Case ConditionD. Case requirement5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which“girl”and“l(fā)ass” belong is called ( ) synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational6. The ill

52、ocutionary point of ( ) is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.A. representativesB. commissivesC. expressivesD. declaratives7. Modern English words man, woman, child, eat, fight, ect. originate from ( ).A. Middle EnglishB. Old EnglishC. FrenchD. Norman French8. In a digloss

53、ic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally two varieties of the same language, but there are situations in which the H-variety may have no ( ) relationship with the L-variety.A. geneticB. socialC. directD. close9.Many aphasics do not show total language loss. Rather, different aspects of langua