1、英語語法副詞條款綜述在復(fù)句中，修改訂單章或周口的一個成分的子句稱為狀語從句。副詞子句通常由從屬連詞或充當(dāng)連詞的短語引導(dǎo)，連詞有時甚至不需要直接與主要句子連接。狀語從句可以根據(jù)其表達(dá)的意思分為時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等9類。一、時間狀語從句時間副詞子句是表示時間關(guān)系的子句?？梢砸龑?dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞很多，根據(jù)意義和主句之間的時間關(guān)系，通常可以分為以下幾種情況。A.when、while、as、wheneverWhen、while、as表示主要句子謂詞和子句的謂詞行為同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生。1.whenwhen表示時間的時候，子句使用短動詞。表示持續(xù)時間時，請使用持續(xù)性動

2、詞。When I got home，my family were already having dinner。我回家的時候，全家人已經(jīng)在吃晚飯了。(when是時間點(diǎn))when they were still talking and laughing，the teacher came in。他們還在開玩笑的時候，老師進(jìn)來了。(when表示持續(xù)時間)He waved ahello when he saw her。當(dāng)他看到她時，他揮手打招呼。(when是時間點(diǎn))When you think you know nothing，you begin to know something。當(dāng)你認(rèn)為自己什么都不

3、知道的時候，你開始知道一些事情。(when表示持續(xù)時間)注意：When是正當(dāng)?shù)?如果是“與時”(and at that moment)的意思，則when只能位于前一句之后。he was about to go to bed when the door bel rang .他正要上床睡覺，突然門鈴響了。they were watching the world cup when suddenly the lights went out .他們在看世界杯比賽，突然燈滅了。they had just arrived home when it began to rain。他們一到家就開始下雨了。有時wh

4、en雖然有alther GH或since的意思。He walks when he might take a taxi?？梢源颍€是走了。how can you hope for mercy your self when you show none如果不原諒別人，怎么能希望別人的原諒呢？2.whilehuri le的意思是一般期間要用持續(xù)動詞作為謂語。Strike while the iron is hot。趁熱打鐵。shephell asleep while she was reading the new paper。她在看報的時候睡著了。while有時可以創(chuàng)建表示對比的并行連詞.可以翻譯

5、成。I am fond of English while he likes maths。我喜歡英語，但他喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。we sleep while the captain kept watch。我們睡覺，大尉是警戒工作。雖然while有時可以指導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。While they love te children，they are strict with them。他們都愛孩子，但對他們要求嚴(yán)格。提示：During與while意思相似，但during是無法推導(dǎo)子句的介詞。3.asas表示時間，短動詞用于從句。表示持續(xù)時間時，請使用持續(xù)性動詞。As和when都可以經(jīng)常通用。the thief was

6、 caught as when he was stealing in the super market .小偷在超市行竊時被抓住了。I saw Jim as when he left the meeting room .吉姆離開會議室的時候我看見了他。as在一邊.在一邊.在從句和咒語中交替或同步強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個動作。They talked as they walked。他們邊走邊談。he looked behind from time to time as he went。他邊走邊隨時回頭看。as是As time goes on，its getting warmer and warmer。隨著時間的推

7、移，天氣漸漸變暖了。As spring warms the earth，al flowers begin to bloom。春天回到大地上，各種花都開始開花了。4.when、while、as的使用差異這三點(diǎn)只有在標(biāo)明謂語動詞具有持久性特征的時期時才通用。I got the news on the radio when while as I was having breakfast。我吃早飯的時候從收音機(jī)里聽到了這個消息。在以下情況下，三者不能互換。A.as進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)同一時間或緊隨其后的之前或之后的變化。we listened to the singer singer singer singer

8、 as he played the guitar。我們聽到歌手彈吉他唱歌。I thought of it just as you opened your mouth。你一開口就知道你想說什么As he grew older，he becomame less and less active。他隨著年齡的增長，越來越?jīng)]有生氣了。提示：副詞子句可以放在訂單簿的前面或后面，放在訂單簿的前面時，通常用逗號和訂單分開。有時在主句中間，前后可以使用逗號。B.when進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)特定時間，子句的動作也可以表示訂單前后的動作。when I had given Mary the spare ticket，I fou

9、nd my own already gone。當(dāng)我把多余的票給瑪麗時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的票已經(jīng)下落不明了。(子句動作發(fā)生在周節(jié)之前，注意周節(jié)的時態(tài))When I finally got there，he meeting had been on for ten minutes。當(dāng)我終于到達(dá)那里的時候，會議已經(jīng)開始了10分鐘。(從句動作發(fā)生在主句后面，注意時態(tài))C.while子句只能表示連續(xù)的行為或狀態(tài)，或主子句的行為對比度。she thought I was taling about her daughter，while in fact，I was talkingAbout my daughter。她以

10、為我在說她的女兒，其實(shí)我在說我的女兒。D.如果兩個短動作幾乎同時發(fā)生，則as往往比when多。As he finished his speech，the audience burst into applause。他講完話，觀眾發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲。5.wheneverWhenever不是一次性動作，而是描述經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣動作的when的強(qiáng)勢語。you are always welcome whenever you come。你每次來都?xì)g迎。Whatenever wemet with diffiulties，they came to help us。每當(dāng)我們陷入困境，他們就來幫助我們。B.befor

11、e，after1.beforeBefore不久前。I must finish all the work before go home。回家之前，我必須完成所有的工作。you must first learn to walk before you try to run。跑步前要先學(xué)會走。he had learned English for three years before he went to London。他去倫敦之前已經(jīng)學(xué)了三年英語了。提示：Before子句往往有負(fù)面意義。He ran off before I could stop him。還沒到我阻止他的時間，他就跑了。Thke it

12、 down berore you forget it。趁還沒忘記的時候記錄。一定要記?。築efore通常使用句型It is was will be beforeit wil be five years before we meet again。5年后我們才能再見面。it will be not long before you regret what you have done。不久你就會后悔你所做的事。it was not long before I realized I was wrong。很快我意識到我錯了。it was minutes before the police arrived。

13、幾分鐘后警察到了。2.afterAfter表在一段時間后。lets play fooball after school is over。放學(xué)后踢足球吧。the sun came out soon after the storm stopped。暴風(fēng)雨過后不久太陽出來了。C.til，until1.until till在正句子中使用時，到最后，主句表示必須是持久動詞。we shall wait until till he comes back。我們會等他回來。(注意拼寫)evething went well until that accident happened。在那次事故發(fā)生之前，一切都很正常

14、。2.notuntil ltill表示主句通常用作短動詞，此時until和till可以替換為before。I didnt leave until till before she came back。直到她回來，我才離開。貝爾甜甜圈till until you strike them。鈴不響。peopl do not know the value of their health till until before they lose it。人們直到失去健康才知道它的珍貴。3.當(dāng)not until在句子開頭時，主句的主語和謂語要使用倒帶詞序。not until she stopped crying

15、 did I leave。直到她不哭，我才離開。注意：Until引導(dǎo)的子句可以放在訂單之前或訂單之后，但till子句通常不會放在訂單的開頭。4.一般只能使用until來強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，不能使用till。it was not until she took off her drk glasses that I recognized her。直到她摘掉墨鏡，我才認(rèn)出她來。D.since，ever since1.since表示.這樣。表示動作從過去的某一點(diǎn)持續(xù)到說話的時間。在訂單簿中，通常是連續(xù)動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時，在since子句中通常使用臨時動詞的一般過去時。it has been just a week

16、since we arrived here。我們來這里一周了。where have you been since I last saw you自從我上次見到你以來，你在哪里？Since she was young，she has been collecting stamps。她從年輕的時候就一直在收集郵票。提示：有時，在since條款中也可以使用連續(xù)性動詞來注意其翻譯。Tom is now working on the farm . its two years since he was a college student。湯姆現(xiàn)在在農(nóng)場工作，大學(xué)畢業(yè)已經(jīng)兩年了。2.ever since從那以后一直到現(xiàn)在。也就是說，說話者強(qiáng)調(diào)了主要的句子動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時間長，語氣比since更強(qiáng)。Ever since they got married in 1950，they have lived happiley。他們自1950年結(jié)婚以來，一直很幸福地出生。3.since也可以用作副詞或介詞。大塊was damaged during the war and has been sient(ever)since。這塊大鐘在戰(zhàn)爭中損壞了，從那