1、,語(yǔ)法填空第三講： 有提示詞之詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是語(yǔ)法填空的必考點(diǎn)。這一考點(diǎn)涉及到: (1) 句子成分劃分或句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析； (2) 各種詞性的語(yǔ)法功能； (3) 構(gòu)詞法特別是派生法 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，是綜合性較強(qiáng)的一道題。我們將其主要考點(diǎn)和必備基礎(chǔ)歸納如下：,考點(diǎn)1：形容詞副詞 形容詞后+ly可變成與原來(lái)意義相同的副詞。,考點(diǎn)解密,考點(diǎn)2：名詞形容詞 (1)名詞加不同的后綴變成形容詞，常見(jiàn)的后綴有：,(2)形容詞變成名詞。如：,考點(diǎn)3：形容詞動(dòng)詞 (1)形容詞可變成動(dòng)詞。如：,某些名詞后加-y可變成動(dòng)詞，表示“使化”。如：beautify 美化,(2)動(dòng)詞變成形容詞。如：,考點(diǎn)4：動(dòng)詞名詞

2、,考點(diǎn)5：名詞名詞(人),考點(diǎn)6：不變?cè)~性的前綴和后綴,注：前綴一般只改變?cè)~義而不改變?cè)~性： 但en-也改變?cè)~性，如：large大的-enlarge擴(kuò)大，danger危險(xiǎn)-endanger危及； 后綴一般改變?cè)~性不改變?cè)~義，但-ship也不改變?cè)~性，如：leader領(lǐng)導(dǎo)-leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)階層；friend朋友-friendship友誼。,要正確解答高考語(yǔ)法填空中的詞語(yǔ)派生題，必須弄清要填的詞在句子中充當(dāng)哪種句子成分，作該種成分需要哪種詞類(lèi)的詞；然后再根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法將括號(hào)中的詞變成所需要的詞類(lèi)。 下表歸納了各種句子成分的概念、所處的語(yǔ)境和充當(dāng)該句子成分的典型詞類(lèi)，這些是做好詞語(yǔ)派生題的必備基

3、礎(chǔ)，建議同學(xué)們理解并熟記：,解題技巧,根據(jù)該詞在句子所作成分確定用哪種形式。具體方法有：,技巧1：作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，通常用形容詞形式。The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 解析：因在系動(dòng)詞felt后作表語(yǔ)，用形容詞，故填silent。 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to 解析：在冠詞與名詞之間，要用形容詞，作定語(yǔ)，故填dangerous。,考點(diǎn)

4、分析,Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject 解析：因所填詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)most of their students的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用形容詞；表示”感興趣的”，填interested。,考點(diǎn)分析,1.In this lecture, I can only give you a purely _ (person) view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the f

5、uture. 2.If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my _(immediately) reaction will be to tell the police.,personal,immediate,鞏固練習(xí),技巧2：作主語(yǔ)、在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語(yǔ)，用名詞形式；在形容詞性物主代詞后，或者在”冠詞(+形容詞)”后，用名詞形式。要注意名詞是否用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：,考點(diǎn)分析,1. Always read the _ (instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of m

6、edicine. 2. On the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ (choose) for a wedding in some countries. 3. We take _ (proud) in the prosperity of our country.,instructions,choice,pride,鞏固練習(xí),4. the remains date from this period because of their _ (similar) to those found elsewher

7、e. 5. instructors expect students to be familiar with _ (inform) in the reading,similarities,information,鞏固練習(xí),技巧3：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞形式。如：,1Volunteering is becoming _ (increase) popular in China. 2 I wasnt blaming anyone; I _ (mere) said errors like this could be avoided.,increasingly,merely,考

8、點(diǎn)分析,3.The island is _ (equal) attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons. 4.Do you think shopping online will _ (final) take the place of shopping in stores?,equally,finally,鞏固練習(xí),技巧4：括號(hào)中所給詞有可能是要求詞義轉(zhuǎn)換，詞類(lèi)不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un-, im-等，在詞根后加-

9、less等。如：,考點(diǎn)分析,1. With the time going by, he was increasing concerned that his aim was _ (hope) to achieve. 2. _(fortunate), when he hurried to the station, he found the train had left five minutes.,hopeless,Unfortunately,鞏固練習(xí),技巧5：括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞也不一定是考動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而是考詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換；若是形容詞或副詞，有可能是考查其比較等級(jí)。如：,考點(diǎn)分析,1there

10、 was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _ (attract) 2 The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _ (hard) and finally made himself out. 3.Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _ (popular).,more popular,attractions,h

11、arder,鞏固練習(xí),4. Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexicos border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said. The _ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about

12、 80 miles apart, police said.,worst,鞏固練習(xí),綜合練習(xí)： 根據(jù)以上技巧完成下面的語(yǔ)法填空,綜合練習(xí),語(yǔ)篇填空：閱讀下列短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性，用括號(hào)中所給詞語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空。 (A) A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1_ (month) bills when his young son rushed in and announced, “Dad, because this is your birthday and youre 55 years old, Im g

13、oing to give you 55 kisses, one for each year!” But the father exclaimed, “Oh, Andrew, dont do it now; Im too busy!”,monthly,綜合練習(xí),The youngster immediately fell 2_ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 3_ (apology) the father said, “You can finish later.” The boy said nothing but 4_ (

14、quiet) walked away, 5_ (disappoint) written over his face. That evening the father said, “Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew!” But the boy didnt respond. 6_ (fortunate), the boy had an accident and was drowned. His heartbroken father wrote.,silent,Apologically,quietly,disappointment,Unfortunatel

15、y,“If only I could tell him how much I regret my 7_ (thought) words, and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.” Love is a two-way street. Any loving act must be 8_ (warm) accepted or it will be taken as 9_ (reject) and can leave a scar. Nothing is more 10_ (importance) than res

16、ponding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us. Because. there may be no chance at all as in the case of the little boy.,thoughtless,warmly,rejection,important,粗心的,相互的,(B) The Edinburgh International Festival is over fifty years old and has earned its reputation as

17、one of the worlds greatest 1_ (celebrate) of the arts. The 2_ (found) of the Festival believed that the Festival programmes should be of the highest possible artistic standard presented by the best 3_(art) in the world, that the Festival should enliven(使活躍) and 4_(rich) the cultural life of Europe,

18、Britain and Scotland and that it should provide a period of flowering of the human spirit.,celebrations,founders,artists,enrich,綜合練習(xí),The Edinburgh International Festival has developed 5_(significance) over the years, yet the founders 6 _(origin) intentions are closely reflected in the current aims a

19、nd objectives.,significantly,original,Each year during the summer months Edinburgh becomes the worlds Festival City. It is the huge range and number of artistic events, 7 _(perform) and exhibitions happening throughout the city which makes Edinburgh 8_(forget). It makes you feel that there is always

20、 something else happening around the corner which you are 9_(miss). This is 10_ (evitable可以避免的)part of the joy of the Festival.,performances,unforgettable,missing,inevitable,The _ (die) of composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the age of 35 may have been caused by complications stemming from strep thr

21、oat, according to a Dutch study published on Monday. Since the _ (compose) death in 1791, there have been _ (vary) theories about the cause of his _ (time) end, from intentional poisoning, to rheumatic fever, to trichinosis, a parasitic disease caused by eating raw or undercooked pork.,death,composers,various,untimely,(C),On his death certificate it was _ (office) recorded that the cause of death was Hitziges Frieselfieber, or “heated military fever,” referring to a rash that looks like millet(粟) seeds. But _ (resear