1、第二部分閱讀判斷閱讀下面的短文，短文后列出了 7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子作出判斷，如果該句提供的是正確信息，就選 A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，就選 B；如果該句的信息文章中沒(méi)有提及，就選 C。第一篇 Inventor of LED When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting

2、diodes, or1 LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology. On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington.

3、This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors. “Any time you get an award, big or little2, its always a surprise.” Holonyak said. Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the tra

4、nsistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school3, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric4, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches5. Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagu

5、es were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective. Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and

6、 physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didnt realize how many uses they would have. “You dont know in the beginning. You think youre doing something important, you think its worth doing, but you really cant tell what the

7、 big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just dont know.” he said. The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of “molecular sieves,” that can separate molecules by size.詞匯： semicond

8、uctor / n.半導(dǎo)體 incandescent /adj.白熾的 alloy / n.合金 bulb / n.燈泡 emit /v.發(fā)射，發(fā)出 commonplace / adj.普通的 diode /n.二極管 molecular /adj.分子的 dim /adj.燈光昏暗的 sieve /n.篩注釋?zhuān)?1. or：即 2. big or little：不論是大是小 3. after graduate school：從研究生院畢業(yè)之后 4. General Electric：通用電氣公司5. house dimmer switches：家用減光開(kāi)關(guān)第二篇 El Nino While

9、some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few months in advance 1, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large El Nino events up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the dr

10、oughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world. Using a computer, the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate El Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface tempera

11、tures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature. The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California. Davis, who was not involved in the work, said it “suggests 2 El Nino is indeed predictable.” “This will pr

12、obably convince others to search around more for even better methods,” said Weare. He added that the new method “makes it possible to predict El Nino at long lead times 3.” Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is onl

13、y available for recent decades, Weare said. The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance 4. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European

14、Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading, England. The 1877 El Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China, prompting the development of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said. When El Nino hit in 1991 and 19

15、97, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report. While predicting smaller El Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed. El Nino tends to develop betwe

16、en April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years. The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year

17、 is possible. 詞匯： EI Nino n.厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象 offset / v.抵消 equatorial /adj.赤道的 lead / adj.領(lǐng)先的 occurrence /n.發(fā)生 monsoon /n.季風(fēng) meteorologist /n.氣象學(xué)家 tricky /adj.難以捉摸的注釋?zhuān)?1. methods had limited success predicting the 1997 EI Nino a few months in advance：predicting the 1997EI Nino a few months in advance是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，進(jìn)

18、一步說(shuō)明 limited success的含義。 2. suggests: suggest在文中的意思是“表明，顯示出”。 3. at long lead times: lead的意思相當(dāng)于 in advance。 at long lead times的意思是“在領(lǐng)先很長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間里”。 4. of immense importance = immensely important第三篇 Smoking Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.

19、 The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy 1. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers

20、in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought t

21、o be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is power

22、ful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point. Filters and low tar tobacco 2 are claimed to make smoking to some extent

23、 safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.詞匯：vaporize /v. (使)蒸發(fā) nicotine /n.尼古丁 membrane /n.膜 bronchus /n.支氣管 filter /n.過(guò)濾嘴注釋?zhuān)?1. life expectancy：預(yù)期壽命 2. low tar tobacco：焦油含量低的煙草 第四篇 Engineering Ethics Engineering ethics is attracting increasing interest in engineering uni

24、versities throughout the nation. At Texas A&M University, evidence of this interest in professional ethics culminated in the creation of a new course in engineering ethics, as well as a project funded by 1 the National Science Foundation to develop material for introducing ethical issues into requir

25、ed undergraduate engineering courses. A small group of faculty and administrators actively supported the growing effort at Texas A&M, yet this group must now expand to meet the needs of increasing numbers of students wishing to learn2 more about the value implications of their actions as professiona

26、l engineers. The increasing concern for the value dimension 3 of engineering is, at least in part, a result of the attention that the media has given to cases such as the Challenger disaster, the Kansas City Hyatt-Regency Hotel walkways collapse, and the Exxon oil spill. As a response to this concer

27、n, a new discipline, engineering ethics, is emerging. This discipline will doubtles4 take its place5 alongside such well-established fields as medical ethics, business ethics, and legal ethics. The problem presented by this development is that most engineering professors are not prepared to introduc

28、e literature in engineering ethics into their classrooms. They are most comfortable with quantitative concepts6 and often do not believe they are qualified to lead class discussions on ethics. Many engineering faculty members do not think that they have the time in an already overcrowded syllabus to

29、 introduce discussions on professional ethics, or the time in their own schedules to prepare the necessary material. Hopefully, the resources presented herein will be of assistance.詞匯: ethics /n.道德規(guī)范 implication /n.含意 culminate /v.達(dá)到頂點(diǎn) syllabus /n.課程大綱 administrator / n.管理者 herein /adj.在這里注釋: 1. cul

30、minated in the creation of a new course in engineering ethics, as well as a project funded by ：本句可理解為 culminated in the creation of a new course as well as in a project funded by，即 a project前面省略了 in。 as well as的意思是 and。 2. wishing to learn：wishing to learn為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，用作定語(yǔ)修飾 students。 3. value dimension：

31、價(jià)值范圍，價(jià)值尺度 4. doubtless：相當(dāng)于 doubtlessly，用作狀語(yǔ)。 5. take ones place：確立自己的位置 6. quantitative concepts：以數(shù)字表達(dá)的概念第五篇 Rescue Platform In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, security experts are trying to develop new ways of rescuing people from burning skyscrapers. One idea is a

32、 platform capable of flying vertically and hovering in the air like a helicopter.1 The platform would rise up and down alongside a skyscraper and pick up people trapped in high stories. The idea for the vertical takeoff platform was hatched more than ten years ago by a Russian aerospace engineer， Da

33、vid Metreveli, who has since2 moved to Israel. Metrevelis design, called the Eagle, calls for two jet engines that turn four large horizontal propellers. The spinning of the propellers generates the necessary lift, or upward force, to raise the platform. The more power is supplied to the propellers,

34、 the higher the platform rises. Moving the platform sideways involves applying differing amounts of power to each propeller. Helicopters are now used in some cases to get people out of burning buildings. Escape baskets3 slung from them dangle beside the building for people to climb into. Unfortunate

35、ly, the baskets cannot reach every floor of a building because the ropes from which they hang become unstable beyond a certain length. So far, Metreveli has built a small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea. In the wake of4 September 11, he has been able to secure enough funding to start build

36、ing a larger, 4-meter by 4-meter5 prototype, which he calls the Eaglet.詞匯: aftermath /n.結(jié)果，后果 sling / v.用懸?guī)У鯍?(slung，slung) hover /v.盤(pán)旋 dangle /v.搖擺 hatch /v.策劃 prototype /n.原型 propeller / n.螺旋槳;推進(jìn)器 注釋?zhuān)?1. One idea is a platform capable of flying vertically and hovering in the air like a helicopter：

37、形容詞短語(yǔ) capable of flying vertically and hovering用作定語(yǔ)，修飾， platform。 2. since = since ten years ago 3. escape basket：救生籃 4. in the wake of：在后 5. 4-meter by 4-meter：4米4米*第六篇 Microchip Research Center Created A research center has been set up in this Far Eastern country to develop advanced microchip prod

38、uction technology. The center, which will start out with about US $14 million, will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology. The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants. The adven

39、t of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almostoutdated technologies from other countries, said the countrys flagship chipmaker.1 Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments dont allow them to im

40、port the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes. Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology providers are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance2. As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to t

41、he next every three to five years3, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while4 plants with outdated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker. More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of US d

42、ollars.5 The majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners mainly from Japan and Singapore. Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry,6 the country admits the US $14 million investment is still rather small. This country is d

43、eveloping comprehensive technologies. Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property7 owners. 詞匯: microchip / n.微芯片 marginalize /v.忽視，邊緣化 flagship /n. (用作定語(yǔ) )首位，最好vendor /n.賣(mài)主mainstream /n.主流 注釋: 1. The advent of the center will possibly free the

44、country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the countrys flagship chipmaker：這個(gè)國(guó)家名列首位的芯片制造公司說(shuō)，芯片中心的成立可能使這個(gè)國(guó)家擺脫從他國(guó)購(gòu)買(mǎi)即將淘汰的技術(shù)的困境。 1) free from ：把從解放出來(lái) 2) situation that = situation in which 3) said the countrys flagship chipmaker：把“誰(shuí)說(shuō)的”放在句末

45、，是為了突出“ The advent other countries”所表達(dá)的事實(shí)。注意放在句末時(shí)用的是倒裝句： said the contrys flagship chipmaker。 2. self-reliance：自力更生 3. every three to five years：每隔 35年 4. while：而（表示對(duì)比） 5. More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of US dollars：十幾個(gè)芯片廠(chǎng)正在建設(shè)之中，每一個(gè)廠(chǎng)的造價(jià)都在幾百萬(wàn)美元。 each costing millions

46、 of US dollars是獨(dú)立分詞構(gòu)，用作狀話(huà)，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明情況。 6. Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry：如果新建的芯片中心能在改善該國(guó)在芯片行業(yè)的（被動(dòng) )形勢(shì)中起重要作用 Should in the industry是虛擬條件句，也可寫(xiě)成 If the new center should play a major role in improving the situation in the industry 7. intellectual property

47、：知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)*第七篇 Moderate Earthquake Strikes England A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power1 in Kent County2. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuri

48、es. “It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride,3” said the woman. The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake4 struck at 8:19 a. m. and was centered under the English Channel5, about 8.5 miles south of Dover6 and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel7.

49、 Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds. “I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me,” said Hendrick van Eck, 27, of Canterbury8 about 60 miles southeast o

50、f London. “I then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and heavier9. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down.” There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the stron

51、gest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham10. The countrys strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale11. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April i

52、n an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France.12 Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time13 before another earthquake struck this part of England. However, people should not be sc

53、ared too much by this prediction. Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.詞匯： moderate /adj.中等的 magn

54、itude /n. 值，強(qiáng)度量 topple /v.傾倒，震倒 rouse / v. 喚醒 tremor /n.震動(dòng) hop / v.齊足跳起 fun-fair n.公共露天游樂(lè)場(chǎng) scale /n. 震級(jí) forthcoming / adj.即將來(lái)臨的 evacuate / v. 疏散 geological / adj.地質(zhì)的 注釋: 1. power：電力 2. Kent County：肯特郡（位于英格蘭東南部） 3. It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride：它（地震）給人的感覺(jué)是整幢

55、房子就像游樂(lè)場(chǎng)的滑行機(jī)一樣在滑動(dòng)。 ride是“游樂(lè)場(chǎng)供人玩樂(lè)的乘坐式的活動(dòng)裝置”。as if是“好像一樣；仿佛”，例如： He treated me as if I were his son. (他待我如同待他的兒子一樣。 ) 4. the 4.3-magnitude quake：里氏 4.3級(jí)地震 5. English Channel：英吉利海峽 6. Dover：多佛爾（英格蘭東南部港市） 7. Channel Tunnel：海峽隧道。 Channel Tunnel （常簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為 Chunnel）是連接英法兩國(guó)的海峽隧道。 8. Canterbury：坎特伯雷（英格蘭東南部城市，中世紀(jì)時(shí)曾

56、是宗教朝圣圣地） 9. it was getting heavier and heavier：爆裂聲越來(lái)越響 10. Birmingham:伯明翰（英格蘭中部城市） 11. the Richter scale：里氏震級(jí)表。美國(guó)地震學(xué)家 Charles Francis Richter (1900-1985)于 1935年制定了地震震級(jí)表。 12. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the

57、 biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France：英國(guó)地質(zhì)勘測(cè)所的科學(xué)家 Roger Musson說(shuō)，這次 4月 28日遭遇地震的地區(qū)就是經(jīng)受過(guò)襲擊英國(guó)最強(qiáng)烈的幾次大地震的同一地區(qū)，其中的一次大地震發(fā)生在 1580年，那次地震蹂躪了倫敦，巴黎也能感到它的震波。 13. a matter of time：時(shí)間問(wèn)題。又如 : Its not a matter of money.這不是個(gè)錢(qián)的問(wèn)題。*第八篇 What

58、 Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however，think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a persons mind and emotions.Before modern times, many