1、January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,靜脈（二）Vein,蘭州大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院人體解剖學(xué)教研室,（一）上腔靜脈系,上腔靜脈系是由上腔靜脈及其屬支組成，收集頭頸部、上肢和胸部（心和肺除外）等上半身的靜脈血。 頭頸部靜脈 上肢靜脈 胸部靜脈,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University

2、. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,1.頭頸部靜脈,淺靜脈：包括面靜脈、顳淺靜脈、頸前靜脈和頸外靜脈。 深靜脈：包括顱內(nèi)靜脈、頸內(nèi)靜脈和鎖骨下靜脈。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,（1） 面靜脈,位置表淺，起自內(nèi)眥靜脈，在舌骨大角附近注入頸內(nèi)靜脈。面靜脈無靜脈瓣。 面靜脈的交通： 危險三角，解剖學(xué)上是指鼻根至兩側(cè)口角的三角區(qū)。,Jan

3、uary, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,面靜脈,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,（2）下頜后靜脈,由顳淺靜脈和上頜靜脈匯合而成，起自翼靜脈叢，在腮腺下端處分為前、后兩支，前支注入面靜脈，后支

4、與耳后靜脈和枕靜脈匯合成頸外靜脈。 收集面?zhèn)葏^(qū)和顳區(qū)的靜脈血。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,下頜后靜脈,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,（3）頸外靜脈,由下頜后靜脈的后支、

5、耳后靜脈和枕靜脈匯合而成，注入鎖骨下靜脈或靜脈角。靜脈末端有一對靜脈瓣，但不能防治止血液逆流。 收集頭皮和面部的靜脈血。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,頸外靜脈,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU an

6、d YF SONG,（4）頸前靜脈,起自頦下方的淺靜脈，注入頸外靜脈末端或鎖骨下靜脈。 左、右頸前靜脈常在胸骨柄上方吻合成頸靜脈弓。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,（5）頸內(nèi)靜脈,于頸靜脈孔處續(xù)于乙狀竇，在胸鎖關(guān)節(jié)后方與鎖骨下靜脈匯合成頭臂靜脈。 顱內(nèi)屬支乙狀竇和巖下竇； 顱外屬支包括面靜脈、舌靜脈、咽靜脈、甲狀腺靜脈和甲狀腺中靜脈等。,January, 2007,Copyright

7、 Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,頸內(nèi)靜脈,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,（6）鎖骨下靜脈,在第1肋外側(cè)緣續(xù)于腋靜脈，在胸鎖關(guān)節(jié)后方與頸內(nèi)靜脈匯合成頭臂靜脈。 兩靜脈匯合部稱靜脈角 venous angle，是淋巴導(dǎo)管的注

8、入部位。,靜脈角,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,2.上肢靜脈,上肢淺靜脈 頭靜脈 貴要靜脈 肘正中靜脈 前臂正中靜脈,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,上肢淺靜脈,Januar

9、y, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,上肢深靜脈,上肢深靜脈 腋靜脈,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,3.胸部靜脈,頭臂靜脈 上腔靜脈 奇靜脈 半奇靜脈 副半奇靜脈 脊柱靜脈,January,

10、2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,上腔靜脈及其屬支,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medic

11、ine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,脊柱的靜脈,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,（二）下腔靜脈系,下腔靜脈系由下腔靜脈及其屬支組成，收集下半身的靜脈血。 下肢靜脈 腹盆部靜脈,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicin

12、e, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,1.下肢靜脈,下肢淺靜脈 小隱靜脈 大隱靜脈,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,小 隱 靜 脈,起止：于足外側(cè)緣起于足背靜脈弓，經(jīng)外踝后方，沿小腿后上行，至膕窩下角處穿深筋膜、再經(jīng)腓腸肌兩頭之間上行，注入膕靜脈。 功能：收集足外側(cè)部和小腿后部淺層結(jié)構(gòu)的靜脈血。,

13、小隱靜脈,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,大 隱 靜 脈,大隱靜脈五大屬支： 股內(nèi)側(cè)淺靜脈 股外側(cè)淺靜脈 陰部外靜脈 腹壁淺靜脈 旋髂淺靜脈,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,下

14、肢深靜脈 脛前靜脈 脛后靜脈 膕靜脈 股靜脈,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,股前部深靜脈,股后部深靜脈,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,2.腹盆部靜脈,髂外靜脈 髂內(nèi)靜脈 髂

15、總靜脈 下腔靜脈 壁支 臟支 睪丸靜脈 腎靜脈 腎上腺靜脈 肝靜脈 肝門靜脈系,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,腹盆部靜脈流向,右心房 腹部靜脈（部分） 下腔靜脈 盆部靜脈髂內(nèi)靜脈 髂總靜脈 下肢靜脈髂外靜脈,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All righ

16、t reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,下腔靜脈及屬支示意圖,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,肝門靜脈系,肝門靜脈的概念、走行及其功能 肝門靜脈的特性 肝門靜脈的屬支 肝門靜脈系與上、下腔靜脈之間的交通途徑,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou Universi

17、ty. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,肝門靜脈,肝門靜脈（hepatic portal vein）多由腸系膜上靜脈和脾靜脈在胰頸后面匯合而成。 起止：肝門靜脈經(jīng)胰頸和下腔靜脈之間上行進入肝十二指腸韌帶，在肝固有動脈和膽管的后上方上行至肝門，分為兩支，分別進入肝左葉和肝右葉。肝門靜脈在肝內(nèi)反復(fù)分支，最終注入肝血竇。 肝血竇含有來自肝門靜脈和肝固有動脈的血液，經(jīng)肝靜脈注入下腔靜脈。 功能：收集胃腸道（食管、胃、小腸、大腸、胰脾）富含營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的靜脈血。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School

18、of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,肝門靜脈模式圖,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,肝門靜脈的特性,兩端均為毛細血管。 無功能性靜脈瓣。 將從腸腔吸收近來的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)送到肝臟進行合成、儲存、解毒和分泌膽汁。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Ana

19、tomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,肝門靜脈的屬支,包括：腸系膜上靜脈、脾靜脈、腸系膜下靜脈、胃左靜脈、胃右靜脈、膽囊靜脈、附臍靜脈等。各論如下： 腸系膜下靜脈，注入脾靜脈或腸系膜上靜脈。 胃左靜脈，在賁門處與奇靜脈和半奇靜脈的屬支吻合。 胃右靜脈，接受幽門前靜脈。 幽門前靜脈，經(jīng)幽門與十二指腸交界處前面上行，是手術(shù)中區(qū)別幽門和十二指腸上部的標(biāo)志。 膽囊靜脈，注入肝門靜脈主干或肝門靜脈右支。 附臍靜脈，起自臍周靜脈網(wǎng)，沿肝圓韌帶上行至肝下面注入肝門靜脈。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,肝門靜脈系與上、下腔靜脈之間的交通途徑,經(jīng)食管靜脈叢至