1、第二課時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句,1.(2016浙江高考)scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved. a.whom b.which c.what d.that 答案b句意：科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)提出許多關(guān)于人類為什么哭泣時(shí)流淚的理論，其中沒(méi)有一個(gè)已被證明。分析句子成分可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，此處是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which代替many theories，故應(yīng)用 which引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。,感 悟 高 考,2.(2016北京高考)i live next door to

2、 a couple _ children often make a lot of noise. a.whose b.why c.where d.which 答案a句意：我住在一對(duì)夫婦的隔壁，他們的孩子經(jīng)常弄出很大的噪音。先行詞為couple，由句意可知children與couple之間為所屬關(guān)系，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。,3.(2016天津高考)we will put off the picnic in the park until next week，_ the weather may be better. a.that b.where c.which d.when 答案d分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，

3、空處在此引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為next week，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用when。,4.(2015重慶高考)he wrote many childrens books，nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s. a.whom b.which c.them d.that 答案b句意：他寫(xiě)了許多兒童讀物，幾乎有一半的書(shū)是在二十世紀(jì)九十年代出版的。逗號(hào)之后是一個(gè)修飾childrens books的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which指代childrens books。,5.(2015北京高考)opposite is st.pauls church

4、, _ you can hear some lovely music. a.which b.that c.when d.where 答案d句意：對(duì)面是圣保羅教堂，在那里你可以聽(tīng)到一些美妙的音樂(lè)。 先行詞是st.pauls church；從句主謂賓成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推斷出關(guān)系詞在從句中作的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，用where。故選d。,考點(diǎn)一下列情況只用that不用which,考 點(diǎn) 清 單,規(guī)則 先行詞是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代詞或先行詞被all，any，every，no，little，m

5、uch，some等詞修飾。 do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你還有想要為你自己說(shuō)的事情嗎？ 規(guī)則 先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞。 what is the first american film that you have seen? 你看過(guò)的第一部美國(guó)電影是什么？,規(guī)則 先行詞中既有人也有物。 he talked about the people and the places that he had visited in that country. 他談到了他在那個(gè)國(guó)家所見(jiàn)到的人和所參觀的地

6、方。,考點(diǎn)二用which而不用that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,規(guī)則 which可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，that則不能。 he had failed in the maths exam，which made his father very angry. 他沒(méi)通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)考試，這令他父親很生氣。,規(guī)則 在介詞提前的定語(yǔ)從句中，只用which而不用that引導(dǎo)。 this is the place in which lu xun used to live. 這是魯迅曾住過(guò)的地方。 規(guī)則 which用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)。 he may be late，in which case we ought to wait for h

7、im. 他也許會(huì)遲到，那樣的話，我們應(yīng)該等他。,考點(diǎn)三關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,規(guī)則 關(guān)系副詞when，where，why的先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因(一般為reason)的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。有時(shí)可用“介詞which”結(jié)構(gòu)替換。 i still remember the day when i first came to beijing. 我還記得我第一次來(lái)北京的那天。,規(guī)則 當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞仍用which/that。 is this the reason(that) he explained for his rudeness at the

8、meeting? 這是他在會(huì)議上解釋的無(wú)禮的原因嗎？,規(guī)則 當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；如果不作狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。 they have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他們已經(jīng)到了彼此必須分手的地步。,考點(diǎn)四“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,規(guī)則 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom，指物時(shí)常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介詞后，即

9、“介詞whose名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。 trading leather shoes is the business to which the greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事業(yè)。,i wish to thank professor smith，without whose help i would never have got this far.我希望感謝史密斯教授，沒(méi)有他的幫助，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)走這么遠(yuǎn)。 規(guī)則 “復(fù)合介詞短語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，常與先行詞用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，定語(yǔ)從句常用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 he lived in a big house，in front of wh

10、ich stood a big tall tree. 他住在一個(gè)大房子里，房子的前面有一棵大樹(shù)。,考點(diǎn)五as，which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,規(guī)則 as作關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，意為“正如，正像”，as引導(dǎo)的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 as we all know，smoking is bad for our health. 眾所周知，抽煙有害健康。 規(guī)則 which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句代指前面整句話內(nèi)容時(shí)只能位于句末，意為“這，這一點(diǎn)”。 li ming was late，which made mr zhang very angry. 李明遲到了，這讓張老師很生氣。,規(guī)則 as常用在下

11、列習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。 as (it) often happens，as i remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。 he shouts when he gets angry，as is often the case. 他生氣時(shí)就大叫，這是常有的情形。,1.先行詞還原法,解 題 策 略,如果認(rèn)為是定語(yǔ)從句，大家可以把前面的名詞直接還原到從句中，如果此句意思通順，則為定語(yǔ)從句。 shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who

12、 had gone missing two years before. a.that b.which c.where d.when 答案dher stay為先行詞，代入定語(yǔ)從句后為：she found her son who had gone missing two years before during her stay there。when指代her stay在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。,2.四步分析法,正確選擇引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞是學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn)，大家可以使用“四步分析法”來(lái)正確解答試題。一看指人還是物；二看介詞在何處；三看句中作何用；四看是否性特殊。 children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. a.what b.whose c.which d.that,答案b句意：不愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)或者飲食熱量偏高的孩子們會(huì)很快發(fā)胖?？仗幰龑?dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，且缺少定語(yǔ)成分因此只能考慮填作定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞。a中的what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。whose “誰(shuí)的”，符合句意。,3.固定搭配法,在解答定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)還要注意一些固定短