1、1,英語句子成分分析,主講：蔡偉波,2,I can speak English very well!,3,取得英語語法成功的基石,句子成分,4,5,表示句子所說的是 “什么人”或“什么事物”,主 語,What he needs is a book.,Gina is from Australia.,She often goes to the movies.,Doing the work is hard for him.,6,主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。主語一般位于_ 。,1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a

2、 foreign language is not easy. 4.Playing football after school is great fun.,句首,7,在“There be ”句型中，主語的位置在 be動詞之后。 如： There are some bottles of milk in the box.,8,一、主語 主語可以用下面這些東西表示： 1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ） 3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To

3、see is to believe. （ ） 7. What he needs is a book. （ ） 8. It is very clear that the elephant is tall like a tree. （ ）,名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動名詞,不定式,從句,It作形式主語，that從句是真正的主語,9,形式主語,It is clear that the sun is bigger than the earth.,It is importanttolearn English well .,不定式、從句等作主語時，為避頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語置句首。,10,你能劃出下列句子的

4、真正的主語嗎?你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？ 1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ),說謊是錯誤的。,爭吵是沒用的。,誰要來還不確定。,11,主語在哪里,The young should respect the old.,Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.,What he has said is true.,Seeing is believing.,12,說明主語“做什么” 或“怎么樣”

5、, 謂語通常是動詞。,主謂要一致,謂 語,We love China.,He has a bad cold.,13,1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired.,謂語:說明主語做什么或怎么樣。通常由 _ 充當. 動詞常分為實義動詞,連系動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞.,實義動詞或系動詞,14,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞不能單獨充當謂語,必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構成謂語.,They can speak English well. They are play

6、ing over there.,15,We have finished reading this book.,謂語在哪里,They can speak English well.,助動詞和情態(tài)動詞須和實義動詞一起構成謂語,He looked after two boys.,They enjoyed playing computer games.,16,表示動作, 行為的對象 說明主語“做什么”,賓 語,He is looking at the dog.,賓語一般放在及物動詞或介詞后,17,賓語：動作行為的對象，說明主語做什么。一般放在_或_后面.,1.We study English. 2.O

7、ur teacher said that he would go there. 3.He is looking at the dog.,雙賓語：指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。 He gave me two books.,及物動詞,介詞,18,Tom teaches us English.,雙賓語,人是間接賓語物是直接賓語,常跟雙賓語的詞 give , buy, teach,19,二、賓語 賓語可以用下面這些東西表示： 1.She lived a happy life.( ) 2.I love you.( ) 3.We need two.( ) 4.Do you mind my openi

8、ng the door?( ) 5.He began to learn English a year ago.( ) 6.He did not know what to say.( ) 7.Did you write down what she said? ( ) 8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them. ( ),名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動名詞,不定式,疑問詞+不定式,從句,It作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語,20,My brother hasnt done his homework.AB C D,You must pay good att

9、ention to A B your pronunciation.CD,賓語在哪里,21,Summary,22,She is a beautiful girl.,23,24,說明主語“是什么”, “怎么樣” 位于系動詞之后,表 語,Her mother is a bank clerk.,The food tastes delicious.,25,表語：跟在 后面的詞語或從句,用來說明主語的身份,特征,狀態(tài).,The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful .,系動詞,26,He always kept silent at meeting.,系動詞,狀

10、態(tài)系動詞 表示主語狀態(tài)、身份等，主要有be。,I am hungry.,持續(xù)系動詞 表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay等。,27,He became mad after that.,系動詞,感官系動詞 主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。,This flower smells very sweet.,變化系動詞 表示主語變化，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come等。,28,表語 表語可以用下面這些東西表示： He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is

11、 this.( ) To see is to believe.( ) I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( ) He is out of danger.( ) The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( ) What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( ),名詞,代詞,不定式,從句,形容詞/副詞,介詞短語,分詞,29,找出表語,Every thing looks nice.,His face turne

12、d red.,He is happy.,30,修飾名詞或代詞,定 語,Shes a good basketball player.,Whats your name?,The girl with long hair is my sister.,31,定語：用來修飾_ .,This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the door is Mr. Li. Every

13、student has an English book.,五、定語,名詞或代詞,32,三、定語 定語可以用下面這些東西表示： Its a red car.( ) They live in the room above.( ) My brother is a teacher.( ) We belong to the third world.( ) Lucys father is a poor worker.( ) Mother made a birthday cake for me.( ) The man under the tree is my teacher.( ) The swimming

14、 boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( ),形容詞,副詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞所有格,名詞,介詞短語,現(xiàn)在分詞,33,找出定語,Some people forgot to sweep the floor. A B CD,The man downstairs was trying to sleep. A B C D,34,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句, 說明時間、地點、方式、因果、條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。,狀 語,The students followed Uncle Wang to see the

15、 other machines.,He sat there quietly.,35,四、狀語 狀語可以用下面這些東西表示： He is often late for class.( ) We saw that picture at the cinema.( ) He sat there smoking.( ) They returned tired and hungry. （ ） They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ） Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( ) The box

16、is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( ),副詞，程度,介詞短語，地點,分詞，伴隨,不定式，目的,形容詞，狀態(tài),讓步狀語從句,結果狀語從句,36,四、狀語 狀語可以用下面這些東西表示： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ） He was angry because we were late( ） If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ),時間狀語從句,原因狀語從句,條件狀語從句,37,找出狀語,He began writing when

17、 he was eleven. A B CD,There was a big smile on her face.A B CD,38,用來補充說明賓語的情況,賓語 補足語,We elected him our monitor.,He asked her to take the boy out of school.,39,注意點,某些及物動詞的賓語后面還需要有一個補足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補足語構成復合賓語。比如說： I like to keep everything tidy. Im going to paint it pink.,40,感官動詞和使役動詞加賓補，如：（四看一聽一感三使役）See，notice, watch, observe(感官動詞)hear，feel , Make，have, let(使役動詞)，接賓補時，不定式的符號to必須省略。在help后,不定式可以帶to,也可不帶。 1. I hear him sing . 2. Let him help you.,41,五、賓語補足語： I consider Jim a good friend.( ) I always find her happy.