1、高三英語專題復(fù)習(xí),How To Get The Main Idea?,如何做主旨大意題?,題 型 及 解 題 技 巧,猜測詞義,主旨大意,1,2,3,4,5,6,細節(jié)理解,觀點態(tài)度,篇章結(jié)構(gòu),推理判斷,閱讀技巧,主旨大意,考查考生,技巧,加工與濃縮信息的能力,What is the main subject /the best title of the passage? Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 3. The title that best expresses the main idea of the p

2、assage is _. 4. From the passage we know that _. 5. The main idea of this passage is _. 6. The passage is mainly about _. 7. Choose the best title for the passage.,Do you know the following sentences ?,8. The best title/ headline for this passage might be_. The text (passage) could be entitled_ Whic

3、h of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 11. This passage chiefly deals with_. 12. Whats the topic of the article? 13. What is the subject discussed in the text? 14. With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?,The position of the topic sentence,At the beginning,At the e

4、nd,In the middle,No clear topic sentence,Rats are still almost as big a danger to people as they were long ago. They still spread disease and eat crops. Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats. They eat half of the grain harvested in the world.,topic sentence ？,_,Sample 1,主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式,主題句出現(xiàn)在文

5、章或段落開頭時，先提出主題, 隨之用細節(jié)來解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達的主題思想. 最常見的演繹法寫作方式。,A.文首,One of the most important weapons used during the Second World War was not a weapon used against people, but rather a drug used against disease. The wartime use of penicillin（青霉素） saved thousands of lives. In the First World War, for examp

6、le, pneumonia （肺炎）was responsible for eighteen percent of all the deaths in the United States army. In the Second World War, the rate went down to less than one percent.,topic sentence ？,Sample 2,Sample 3,Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is risi

7、ng so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.,topic sentence ？,Often no one looks more guilty than

8、 the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance,So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by

9、 his appearance,Sample 1,主題句出現(xiàn)在文章或段落結(jié)尾時， 在表述細節(jié)后,歸納要點, 印象, 結(jié)論建議或結(jié)果, 以概括主題. 這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式。,B.文尾,On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates（旱冰鞋）. He rolled on an

10、d on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time!,topic sentence ？,Sample 2,We think of a flood or an earthquake as a natural disaster. To many of natures animals, however, the great

11、est disaster is the coming of large numbers of humans. When settlers came from the East to Americas great western plains, they killed millions of bison（北美野牛）, poisoned the prairie dogs（草原犬鼠）, and shot the coyotes（郊狼）. All this upset the areas balance of nature. For the animals, it was worse than a f

12、lood or earthquake.,topic sentence ?,Sample 1,C.文中,當主題句出現(xiàn)在文中時，通常前面只提出問題，然后由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出主題, 而后又作進一步的解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展。,Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings li

13、ght to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,Sample 2,topic sentence ?,即主題句隱含在全文中, 沒有明確的主題句. 必須根據(jù)文篇中所提供的事實細節(jié)，進行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時過于寬泛，要恰如

14、其分。,D.無主題句,Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation

15、lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studi

16、ed at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.,detail,detail,detail,Sample 1,topic sentence ?,Practice makes perfect,Practice練習(xí),If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hurry.” H

17、owever, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales trick is called “bait（誘餌） and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sale

18、s advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buyer BewareB. Closeout(出清存貨) Sale C. Crime Pays D. Buying a TV Set,This sales trick is called

19、“bait and switch”.,Ex .1,topic sentence ?,Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(

20、精確), without thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity (自動).,Q: The first paragraph tells us _. what automaticity is how accuracy is acquired C. how a child learns to walk D. how an athlete is trained.,Ex.2,如何做主旨大意題,做此類題目時，第一：要搞清是問某一段還是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息來把握文脈，進行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標題，標題中的蘊含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。第二：任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,Summary,第三: