1、,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法： 1）表示剛剛完成的動作，常與just連用。 2）表示過去發(fā)生而持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，甚至延續(xù)到將來。常與since, for連用，但for, since不能與終止性的動詞連用。 3）表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,Grammar Present perfect tensePresent perfect continuous tense,Present perfect tense,We form the present perfect tense with have/has and the past participle of the verb.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成

2、,have/has + done (過去分詞),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法,1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動作在說話之前已完成，但對現(xiàn)在有影響。句中沒有具體時(shí)間狀語。 We have bought a new computer. 含義是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有電腦了。 He has given up drinking. 含義是他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不喝酒了。,He has gone to Beijing. 她已經(jīng)到北京去了。 含義是：她已前往北京，或在途中，或已到過現(xiàn)在人不在這里。 He has been to Beijing. 她曾到過北京。 含義是：她去過北京。表示一種經(jīng)歷，說話時(shí)她還在這里。,havehas gone to,have

3、/has been to,2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示過去發(fā)生而持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（也許還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去）的動作或狀態(tài)。這一用法通常都要與for, since等開頭的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 She has lived here for more than ten years. 她已在此住了10多年了。 含義是她可能現(xiàn)在已不住在這里，也有可能再住下去。 She has studied English since 1998. 她從2004年起就開始學(xué)習(xí)英語。,for后接的是時(shí)間段 since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，而且后面 跟的是過去時(shí)間。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確的時(shí)間狀語（last week, just now, in

4、1949, yesterday等）連用，但可以和不明確的時(shí)間狀語（如：already/yet, recently/lately, ever/never, just, twice/three times 等）連用；也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語（如：this morning, today, now, this week/month，so far 等）連用。,It has been cold this winter. 今年冬天一直很冷。（說話時(shí)還是冬天。）,在過去幾年中，我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 There were great changes in our home-town in the

5、 past few years. There have been great changes in our hometown in the past few years. 析 In / During the past / last + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞是完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志之一。,誤,正,1. It has come here for a few weeks. 2. She has joined the Party for several weeks.,It came here a few weeks ago.It has been here for a few weeks.,She joined the

6、Party several weeks ago.She has been a Party member for several weeks.,一定要注意，像come, join, marry, leave, die, arrive, begin, stop等這樣的瞬間動詞，它們所表示的動作是在一剎那間或很短的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)完成的；因此，瞬間動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定式不可與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用。,他父親離開祖國已經(jīng)50年了。,析 瞬間動詞的完成時(shí)的肯定式不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 His father has been away from his homeland for fifty year

7、s. His father left his homeland fifty years ago.,His father has left his homeland for fifty years.,I have received his letter for almost a month.,注意：瞬間動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定式不可與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用； 瞬間動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。,I havent received his letter for almost a month.,1）It/This is the first / secon

8、d time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。 This is the first time （that） Ive heard him sing. 注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.,用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型,典型例題,（1）-Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A.

9、 was B. have been C. came D. am coming,B,This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。,-Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come,D,ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時(shí)，反意詞為never， 此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。,Look at the following sentences and point

10、out what tense or tenses are used in them and the reasons why they are used.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，它表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響。 一般過去時(shí)通常表示在過去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作，與現(xiàn)在沒什么聯(lián)系。,I have lost my pen. I lost my pen yesterday.,1 We have studied English for about five years. We began to study it five years ago. 2 Eric le

11、ft home last year and has just come back. 3 Justin has been away from home for several days. He disappeared last Friday. 4 They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then. 5 My brother went to see my grandpa last week. He has visited him three times this month.,Practice,Th

12、e tape recorder _ (be) out of order last week. We _ (have) it repaired the day Before yesterday. It _ (be) in good condition ever since.,We _ (know) each other since we _ (be) boys.,was,had,has been,have known,were,Exercise:Page 8,My friend Jack has just sent me an e-mail, telling me about his trave

13、ls around the world. He has just been (just be) to Qomolangma Base Camp and _ (see) a Yeti there. He is still very excited about it. He _ (visit) the Great Pyramid in Egypt too. He says that he _(love) Egypt but he _(not visit) all the pyramids yet.,saw,has visited,loves,hasnt visited,He _ (swim) in

14、 Loch Ness, but luckily he _ (never meet) the Loch Ness Monster! He _ (dive) in the Indian Ocean many times looking for treasure. Although he _ (find)many sunken ships, he _ (not find) any treasure. _ he _ (be)to the Great Wall before? Im not surebut I have.,has swum,has never met,has dived,has foun

15、d,hasnt found,Has,been,The present continuous tense,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成,have/has + been + 現(xiàn)在分詞,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，這一動作很可能還要延續(xù)下去。,She has been talking to me since she saw me.,瞬間動詞（如：finish, marry, get up, come, go等）不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常和all this morning, these few days, all night, this mon

16、th, recently 等狀語以及since和for 所引導(dǎo)的狀語短語或從句連用。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要區(qū)別,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)著重表示動作的延續(xù)性，而 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)著重表示動作的結(jié)果。,She has read this book. She has been reading this book.,I have worked here for three years. I have been working here for 3 years.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，提問時(shí)用how many times。 而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示持續(xù)的、不間斷的動作，提問時(shí)用how long。,

17、I have visited Egypt twice this month. How many times have you visited Egypt? I have been visiting Egypt for two months. How long have you visited Egypt?,have been observing,have been talking,have been taking,have been watching,have seen,have been writing,- I am sorry I _ (keep) you waiting so long.

18、 - it is all right. I _ (read) the newspapers.,CCTV _ (broadcast) English programmes ever sine 1977.,have kept,have been reading,has been broadcasting,practice,English weekly 15 第三版 Translation,Thank you!,Homework!,習(xí)案: Grammar and usage 單項(xiàng)選擇和句子翻譯,請用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)填空。,Since she is out of job, lucy _ (c

19、onsider) going back to school, but she _ (decide) yet. He _ (learn) a great deal since he joined in the company.,3. -_ you _ (see) my dictionary? -Yes, I put it in your desk just now. 4. This is the third time that I _ (visit) hong kong. 5. sorry, I late. I was caught in the traffic jam. thats all r

20、ight. I _ (not wait) long.,1. _ that dress when I first saw you at the station? A. Were you wearing B. Have you worn C. Did you wear D. do you wear 2. Kate doesnt look very well. Whats wrong with her? She has a headache because she _ too long; she ought to stop work. A. has been reading B. had read

21、C. is reading D. was reading 3. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We _ our essays .” A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have written,4. My uncle, Sam,_ manager of the firm. A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is just made 5. This is the first time the stud

22、ents _ to Hyde Park. A. have gone B. have been gone C. have been going D. are being gone 6. She _ her mothers work since she was admitted into hospital. A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done 7. Now that you _ , what are you going to do? A. are being returned B. have been returni

23、ng C. have been returned D. have returned,8. I _ the incident as if it were yesterday. A. am still to remember B. have still been remembering C. am being still remembered D. still remember 9. Where_ the map? I cant see anywhere. I _ it right here just now. A. did you put; have put B. have you put; p

24、ut C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; have put 10. John told Mary that he _ what he was doing during the vacation. A. was just asked B. was just asking C. had just been asked D. had just asked,11. I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I _

25、there ever since. A. was B. had been C. will be D. have been 12. We _ fine weather for the past few days. A. have B. are having C. have been had D. have been having 13. It _ every day so far this month. A. is raining B. rains C. has rained D. has been rained 14. By the end of last year they _ 1,000

26、machines. A. turned out B. had turned out C. would turn out D. had been turned out,15. Dont put the waste on the ground. Oh, Im very sorry. I _ the dustbin there. A. dont see B. isnt seeing C. didnt see D. havent seen 16. Good heavens! There you are! We _ anxious about you. We _ you back much earlie

27、r all through the night. A. are; expect B. were; had expected C. will be; are expecting D. have been; were expecting,1. It has come here for a few weeks. 2. She has joined the Party for several weeks. 1. It came here a few weeks ago.或It has been here for a few weeks. 2. She joined the Party several

28、weeks ago. 或She has been a Party member for several weeks. 大家一定要注意，像come, marry, join, arrive, leave, begin, die, stop等這樣的瞬間動詞，它們所表示的動作是在一剎那間或很短的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)完成的；因此，它們的完成時(shí)怎么能夠和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用呢？,Practice,-_ you _ my pen? (see) -Yes, I _ it on your desk just now.,Have,seen,saw,2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的行為；一般過去時(shí)著重過去某一時(shí)刻的某一

29、具體動作。,She has been an English teacher for 5 years.,She was an English teacher for 5 years.,她當(dāng)了五年英語老師了。,她當(dāng)過五年英語老師。,表示短暫時(shí)間動作的詞如：come, go, die, marry, buy, leave, join 等的完成時(shí)不能與for, since等詞連用。,The disappearance of Justin (make)Kelly very unhappy.,has made,We use the present perfect tense to talk about t

30、hings that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present.,I (not see)Justin since last Friday night,have not seen,We also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past, and is still happening now.,We use the present perfect tense when the exact time o

31、f an action is not clear or important. We use it with time expressions such as: already yet just for since ever never lately recently,We use already for affirmative statements and yet for negative statements. The boy has already come here. I havent heard anything from him yet. We use for + a period

32、of time and since + a point in time. We havent seen him for two years. We havent seen him since 2002,We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago. The police have just finished searching the area.,We can also use the present perfect tense for repea

33、ted actions. Some villagers say that they have been UFOS many times .,Present perfect continuous tense,We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing.,I have not been sleeping well since I returned home,I returned home,I am still n

34、ot sleeping well.,Not being able to sleep well,Past,present,We also use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way .,Kelly :sorry , Im late . Have you been waiting long ? Mavis :Yes. Ive been waiting for an ho

35、ur.,Past,Kelly arrives.,Mavis started waiting for Kelly,present,One hour ago,We form the present perfect continuous tense with have /has been and the present participle of the verb.,Present perfect or present perfect continuous?We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action completed in th

36、e recent past , and the present perfect continuous tense for an action that started in the past and is still happening.,Li Jia has read a book about stonehenge. (She finished reading the book.),Li Jia has been reading a book about stonehenge. (She is still reading the book.),2.We can use the present

37、 perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.,I _Egypt twice this month. I _ Egypt for two months.,has visited,has been touring,2.We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how many / much, and the present perfect co

38、ntinuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long .,How many times have you swum in the lake? How long have you been swimming in the lake ?,3.We can use either a state verb or an action verb with the present perfect tense but we usually can only use an action verb with the present perfect cont

39、inuous tense.,1)I have had this camera for five years. 2)I have action photos of UFOs with this camera. 3)I have been writing photos of UFOs with this camera.,state verb,action verb,action verb,5.We use the present perfect tense, not the present perfect continuous tense, with the words like never, y

40、et, already and ever. Ive never visited Paris. Ive already been to Paris.,Choose the right words,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,Where do you think the boy has been waiting? What have the aliens been travelling in? What does it look like? Who else have the aliens talked to? What other planets have the aliens

41、visited?,Sample answers B 1 He has been waiting at an underground station. 2 They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer. 3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants. 4 They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets

42、.,Key sentences:,Police in American have stepped up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy People have shown great interest in his disappearance I havent seen Justin since. Some people in Dover also say that they have seen aliens. Police have not ruled out the possibility that Justin was taken by a

43、liens, but who has taken charge of the case.,have/has(not)+past participle,Ex:,A:Have you_ been to New York? B: No, I havent been to New York_.I have gone to Beijing_ . But I will go to New York this summer. A:Im sure youll like it.Hey, do you know that my family have owned a plane_1920. B:I dont be

44、lieve your family have had a plane_ over 80 years. A:In fact, you have seen it in the sitting room_. B:Yes,I have_ noticed it.But I have seen it many times.Its only a model.,ever,recently/lately,since,for,already,yet,just,once/twice/ three times/,yet, ever, recently/lately, since, for, already, just,for or since?,We havent seen him for two years. We have