1、Grammar Non-finite Verbs,學(xué)習(xí)重點： 1.非謂語動詞的種類;時態(tài)和語態(tài) 2. 用法 3. 考點,1.我看見那個男孩在吃蘋果. I saw the boy eating an apple. 2.在樹下坐著的那女孩是我姐姐. The girl sitting under the tree is my sister. 3.學(xué)習(xí)對現(xiàn)代生活很重要 Learning is important to modern life 動詞ing 形式表示: 1.主動 ; 進行 2. 泛指,沒有特別時間意義或習(xí)慣性長期性動作構(gòu)成:V-ing 形式由 “doing” 構(gòu)成， 其否定形式:“not

2、doing”, V-ing 是可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成 V-ing 短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。,動詞ing,(not) doing,(not) being done,(not) having done,(not) having been done,動詞-ing 形式的分一般式和完成式:,1. 一般式:表示這個的動作正在進行或與謂語表示的動作同時發(fā)生.,2. 完成式:強調(diào)這個的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前完成.,如:他們有說有笑地走出教室 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 由于已經(jīng)在這個城市住了三年,她

3、對它非常了解. Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.,觀察句子，找特點 .游泳是她最喜歡的體育運動。 Swimming is her favorite sport. .我記得上星期給他發(fā)過一份電子郵件。 I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. .他們住在一所朝南的房子里。 They lived in a house facing south. .我看見那個男孩在吃蘋果 I saw the boy eating an apple. 5.她的工作是保持

4、 房間干凈 Her job is keeping the room clean. 6. 由于已經(jīng)在這個城市住了三年,她對它非常了解. Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.,3,1,2,5,6,4,1 動詞-ing形式可直接置于句首作主語。 眼見為實/百聞不如一見。 Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe.2 為了保持句子平衡，通常用先行詞it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在句末。 爭論這事是浪費時間。 Its a waste of time arguing

5、 about it.,必背動詞-ing形式作主語的幾個常用句型。Its no good talking to him. 和他談話是沒有用的。 It is useless telephoning him. He is not willing to come.給他打電話沒用。他不愿意來。 Its worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得的。 There is no saying when it will stop raining. 無法斷定這場雨什么時候會停。 There is no joking about such matters. 這種事開不得玩笑。,1 表示主語的內(nèi)容

6、 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. 她的工作是盡量使報告廳保持干凈。 2 表示主語具有的特征(動詞ing 相當一個形容詞） The problem is quite puzzling. 這個問題很令困惑。,1. Her work is _( look )after the children. 2. My aim is _( go ) to Tsinghua University. 3. One of my bad habit is _(bite ) nails（指甲）.,動詞-ing形式既可作及物動詞的賓語，也可

7、作介詞的賓語。 1 能用動詞-ing形式作賓語的及物動詞可分兩類，一類是只能用動詞-ing形式作賓語，另一類是既可用動詞-ing形式作賓語，也可用不定式作賓語。 只能用-ing形式作賓語的動詞(這類動詞只能用-ing形式作賓語，不能用不定式作賓語。) Fancy meeting you here! 想不到在這兒見到你了！ I suggest doing it in a different way. 建議用另一種方法做這件事。, 既可用動詞-ing形式作賓語，也可用不定式作賓語這類動詞雖然既能用-ing形式作賓語，也能用不定式作賓語，但用法并不相同，主要有以下幾種情況： 有些動詞，如attemp

8、t, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer等，后面接動詞-ing形式或不定式區(qū)別不是很大。They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian. 他們更喜歡在大連度暑假。I intend to buy/buying an English-Chinese dictionary. 我想買一本英漢詞典。 提示應(yīng)盡量避免接連出現(xiàn)兩上動詞-ing形式。I am starting to learn Russian. 我開始學(xué)俄語。避免說：I am starting learning Rus

9、sian. 我開始學(xué)俄語。,只能接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞： 建議冒險去獻身，忍受期待不停頓；放棄延期悔失去，堅持欣賞實踐成；注意原諒避反對，考慮要求不自禁；允許習(xí)慣不介意，價值開始想動名。,1.He was in low spirits and even consider _(go ) away. 2.Practise _( put ) your hand to the ground. 3.I cant help _( have ) the trip to Britain. 4.Dont tell me you always escape _( fine) because you hav

10、e a fast sports car. 5.Leave off _(bite) your nails! 6.He didnt feel like _( work ), so he suggested _( spend ) the day in the garden. 7.You certainly mustnt miss _( see ) the wonderful film.,going,putting,having,being fined,biting,working,spending,seeing,8.The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hos

11、pital. 9.We appreciate your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties. 10.Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today. 11.The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children. 12.They all suggested _( give ) more chances. 13.Can you imagine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night. 14.They built t

12、he banks to prevent the area from _( flood).,s,s,8.The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hospital. 9.We appreciate your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties. 10.Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today. 11.The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children. 12.They all suggested _( give ) mo

13、re chances. 13.Can you imagine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night. 14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _( flood).,s,8.The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hospital. 9.We appreciate your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties. 10.Michael has delayed _( write ) to her til

14、l today. 11.The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children. 12.They all suggested _( give ) more chances. 13.Can you imagine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night. 14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _( flood).,s,8.The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hospital. 9.We appreciate yo

15、ur _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties. 10.Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today. 11.The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children. 12.They all suggested _( give ) more chances. 13.Can you imagine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night. 14.They built the banks to prevent the a

16、rea from _( flood).,s,9.We appreciate your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties. 8.The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hospital. 10.Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today. 11.The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children. 12.They all suggested _( give ) more chances. 13.Can you imag

17、ine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night. 14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _( flood).,to help,staying,wanting,writing,selling,giving,leaving,being flooded,必背只接動詞-ing形式而不接不定式作賓語的動詞有：admit 承認 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 put off 推遲 keep 保持 consider 考慮 delay 耽擱 dislike 嫌惡 resist抵制 me

18、ntion 提及 enjoy 喜歡 escape 避免 excuse 原諒 practice 練習(xí) mind介意 fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 risk 冒險 include 包括 forgive 原諒 give up 放棄 suggest 建議 miss 逃過 imagine 設(shè)想,必背只接動詞不定式而不接-ing形式作賓語的動詞有：ask 請求 demand 要求 plan 計劃 Intend 打算 pretend 假裝 manage 設(shè)法 learn 學(xué)著 wish 希望 hope 希望 desire 渴望 expect 期待 want 想要 Would

19、 like 想要 promise 承諾 decide 決定 Refuse 拒絕 happen 碰巧 afford 負擔(dān)得起 determine 決定 choose 選擇 offer 提供 Apply 申請 fail 失敗 help 幫助 agree 同意 prepare 準備 do/try ones best 盡可能,必背又能接動詞不定式又能接-ing形式作賓語的動詞有：like 喜歡love 喜歡hate 憎恨 Prefer 寧可begin 開始start 開始 Continue 繼續(xù)bother 麻煩attempt 試圖 Cant bear 不能忍受 Forget 忘記remember 記

20、得regret 后悔 Try 嘗試need 需要require 需要 Want 需要deserve 應(yīng)得cant help 禁不住 Go on 繼續(xù)stop 停下mean 打算，意味著,1. 感官動詞(see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe)/ find等詞+ sb + doing sth We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我們聽見孩子們在樓上叫喊。 I felt my heart beating violently. 我覺得我的心在猛烈地跳動。,2.感

21、官動詞(see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe)+ sb + do sth (用動詞原形時，表示動作的全過程.) He saw a girl getting on the bus. 他看見一個女孩在上公共汽車。 He saw a girl get on the bus and drive off. 他看見一個女孩上公共汽車后開走了。,3 have, get, leave, keep, set, catch(等表示“致使”的動詞) +sb/ sth + doing sth (作賓補） They shou

22、ld not leave us wondering what they will do next. 他們不應(yīng)該不讓我們知道他們下一步要做什么。 I wont have you running about in the room. 我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。 We kept the fire burning all night long.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。 點撥；如果賓語補足語是一系列的動作，通常只能用不定式來表示，不用動詞-ing形式。I saw him enter the room sit down and light a cigarette. 我看見他走進房間，坐了下來，點燃了一根香煙

23、。,1 單個的動詞-ing形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義。 說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。 a reading room= a room which is used for reading running shoes =shoes for running a working method=a method of working, 表示所修飾的人或物的動作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個定語從句，可以表示正在進行的動作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動作或當時的狀態(tài)。 developing countries = countries that are developing 發(fā)展中國家 an ordinary-loo

24、king house = a house that looks ordinary 看起來很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困擾人的問題,閱覽室,跑鞋,工作方法,2 作定語的動詞-ing形式如是一個短語，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面。 They lived in a house facing south. 他們住在一所朝南的房子里。 3 某些情況下，動詞-ing形式不能用來作定語，必須用定語從句。 作定語的動詞-ing形式表示的動作要與主句謂語的動作同時發(fā)生，如兩者不能同時發(fā)生的話，則需使用定語從句。 【誤】The

25、professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture. 昨天來的教授將要給我們作一個講座。, 動詞-ing形式的完成式一般只用來作狀語，不作定語。 【誤】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake wi

26、ll be rebuilt soon. 被地震毀壞的廟宇很快就要重建了。,動詞-ing形式可以作狀語，在句中表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等。動詞-ing形式作時間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時多位于句首；作結(jié)果、伴隨情況狀語時常位于句末。 1 表示時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. 我們已經(jīng)作好了充分準備，現(xiàn)在可以應(yīng)考了。 (= After we have made full preparations.) 2 表示原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。 Bei

27、ng ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天沒有上學(xué)。(= Since he was ill.),3 表示結(jié)果，相當于一個并列謂語。 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. = and left him a lot of money. 他父親死了，留給他許多錢. 4 表示條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =If you work hard at your lessons. .如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就一定能

28、成功。 5 表示讓步，相當于一個讓步狀語從句。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. = Although they knew all this. 盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。,e.g._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received,e.g. Having finished my homework,I went t

29、o watchTV.,C,沒收信的動作發(fā)生在決定寫信這一動作之前所以應(yīng)該用having done ;此題又是表否定含義，分詞的否定式為not doing/not having done; 故選 c,6 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補充說明，相當于一個并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. = .and stared at the sky for a long time 他躺在草地上，長時間地望著天空。,-ing 形式,-ing 形式主要考查其在句子中作定語和狀語的用法,A,He rushed to the tra

30、in station, only _ the train had gone.,A. finding B. found C. finds D. to find,D,Making it the popular sport in the world為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，這類分詞短語常放在句子的后面,v-ing表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：,His parents died, leaving him an orphan.,He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed,動 詞 -ing 形 式 的 邏 輯 主 語,動詞-

31、ing形式作主語時，其邏輯主語對于談話雙方是不言而喻的。Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。(Reading aloud的邏輯主語是泛指任何人，因而無需表達出來) 點撥:如果作主語的動詞-ing形式需要自己的邏輯主語時，一般用物主代詞或名詞所有格(即名詞后加s) His fathers falling ill worried him greatly.他父親生病使他很著急。 (his father是falling ill的邏輯主語),動詞-ing形式作表語時，其邏輯主語往往是句子中的主語，但用作表語的-ing形式也可帶有自己的邏輯主語。 What wo

32、rries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的邏輯主語是her),動詞-ing形式作定語時，其邏輯主語就是它修飾的名詞。an interesting book 一本有意思的書= a book that interests its readers a running stream 一條奔流的小溪 = a stream that is running,如果動詞-ing形式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者，就要用-ing形式的被動式。 正在北京召開的會議非常重要。 The meeting _(

33、hold) in Beijing now is of great importance (the meeting和“舉行”之間的關(guān)系是被動的，同時此動作正在進行，所以用being held),being held,_(see) from the mountain, we can see the river running through the city. I am looking forward to _(see) you again. The boy was lucky enough to escape _ (punish) I apologize to you for _(tell) y

34、ou the truth immediately. Its no use _(try ) to make me believe you. The girl _(sit) under that tree is my sister. _(lose) her new bicycle made Mary so upset. _( receive) a reply , he decided to write again. I smell something _(burn) tin the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (2007 全國卷） Toms _(attend) the meeti