1、閱讀=閱+讀 （生理+心理） READ=Receive+Empathize+Analyze+Digest 精解+綜合、能力+技巧全面提高 點(diǎn)、線、面突破 (詞句篇),一、Word： quantity + quality + guessing,例1. I have to stay home on the ground of the heat. 2. We held our own philosophies about this movie. 3.There is a definite link between smoking and lung cancer. But this does not

2、make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company.,二. Sentence (structure: grammar),1. Chinese: 平行語(parataxis); English: 層次語(hypotaxis) 孔已己著了慌，伸開五指將碟子罩住，彎腰下去說道：“不多了， 我已經(jīng)不多了。” Kong Yiji grew flushed, covering the dish with his hand, bending forward from his waist, and would say: “There arent

3、 many left, not many at all.” 2. Chinese: 向左走; English: 向右走,例: 女友在看書我的女友在看書困倦的我的女友在看 一本舊書一夜沒睡的困倦的我的女友目光呆滯地在 看一本發(fā)黃了的舊書斜靠在沙發(fā)上,沒有血色的嘴唇 上叼著一枝不知什么時(shí)候就早已熄滅的雪茄、一夜無 眠的困倦的我的女友借助一盞時(shí)明時(shí)暗的殘破的油燈 絕望地?zé)o精打采地在看一本發(fā)黃的卻保存完好的現(xiàn)在 市面上已很難買到的名叫四六級必殺技的無聊無 恥的舊書。,3. Chinese: bamboo; English: tree 4. Chinese: hippopotamus; English:

4、 peacock,長難句類型匯總: 名詞從; 定從;狀從;強(qiáng);倒;比;并;省;獨(dú);否;分裂;非謂語.,三. Text (organization) 1. 故事導(dǎo)入式 2. 謬論駁斥式 3. 開宗明義式 4. 綠葉紅花式 5. 正反對比式 6. 結(jié)尾點(diǎn)題式,1.故事導(dǎo)入式 (重心在后) (story/example+ argumentation) 2.謬論駁斥式 (重心在后) Some people say/believe/argue/It is said/ believed that(縱: 錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)) But/However(擒: 正確觀點(diǎn)) 3.開宗明義式 (重心在前) (觀點(diǎn)性動(dòng)詞或形容詞

5、開頭. 例: The quiet life of the country never appeals to me.) 4. 綠葉紅花式 (重心在后) (social phenomenon + 淺評+ 深評),四、命題三大原則： 1.語言簡化；2. 反話正說/正話反說；3. 關(guān)鍵詞替換 關(guān)鍵詞、尤其是難詞與原文中一樣的肯定不是答案，選項(xiàng)句 法、語言難度一般低于原文。 五、閱讀要略： 1). 同位語、定語部分一般略讀。 2). 從句內(nèi)容一般略讀。 3). 轉(zhuǎn)折詞后的部分細(xì)讀。 4). 主語和謂語中間有雙逗號、破折號間隔，間隔內(nèi)容略讀。 5). 冒號前后是從抽象到具體的過程，后面進(jìn)一步說明前面內(nèi)容。

6、 6). 分號前后是并列關(guān)系，包括結(jié)構(gòu)并列和語義并列。,六. 應(yīng)對策略 1). 經(jīng)驗(yàn)意識（如 It is said that） 2). 題干定位（關(guān)鍵詞/核心詞: 大寫/人名/地名/機(jī)構(gòu)/引 號, 段句） 3). 題干串聯(lián)（main idea） 4). 兩詞定位: 邏輯詞匯（but, however）, 主觀詞匯 （表觀點(diǎn)）,七. 解題思路 1. 題目分類 主旨題, 態(tài)度題, 細(xì)節(jié)題, 推理題, 詞匯語義題, 例證題 1) 主旨題 段落中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí), 如but, however, in short, therefore, thus等,該句很可 能是主題句，或各段首句相加，得出的總體結(jié)論即為主旨

7、，參看01年38 題，39題, 06年46題，60題。 2) 態(tài)度題 a). 注意感情色彩的詞匯，尤其動(dòng)、形、副。 b). 注意命題大方向及常規(guī)識別。 例: In the authors opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_. a. harmful b. unknown c. successful d. fruitless The authors attitude toward educating women in developing countries is_. a. troublesome b. l

8、abor-saving c. rewarding d. expensive,c). 錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)：中、攻、過、熱 indifferent, disinterested, puzzled(中) condemn, envious, spiteful，prejudiced(攻) only, absolutely, entirely, completely, definitely(過) fervent, fanatical, adulatory(熱) d). 正確選項(xiàng): 限、保 partially correct/true, objective, impartial, surprised, amazed,

9、 critical, skeptical, approve /disapprove, positive/negative, optimistic /pessimistic. 參看05年40題，06年44題(passage1, 4題)，49題， Passage17, 5題,What is the authors attitude toward the claims made by advocates of health foods? A. Very enthusiastic B. Somewhat favorable C. Neutral D. Skeptical,3)細(xì)節(jié)題 就原文某個(gè)事件的原

10、因、過程、內(nèi)容、時(shí)間等提問。 通常為同義轉(zhuǎn)述或替換。 a). 確定題干中關(guān)鍵詞/詞組； b). 確定原文段落； c). 確定哪一句/哪幾句； d). 仔細(xì)研讀這1-2句。 4)推理題 標(biāo)志詞: imply, infer, know/learnfrom, would probably agree a). 注意那些話中有話的間接表達(dá)句 b). 注意含義深刻或結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子 c). 文章或段落的開頭或結(jié)尾處,5) 詞匯語義題 a). 詞義考查：超綱詞含義判斷；熟詞生義 b). 句義考查：By “”, the writer means_. 數(shù)字頻繁出處、轉(zhuǎn)折處、引用內(nèi)容、諺語、比喻處?？?。 6) 例證

11、題 a). 例子本身可迅速掃過，不需細(xì)讀?？碱}答案往往在例子前后 總結(jié)性的話里。 b). 引用小人物的觀點(diǎn)：一般為作者觀點(diǎn)； c). 引用專家觀點(diǎn)：一般為作者觀點(diǎn)； d). 引用大人物觀點(diǎn)：多為相反觀點(diǎn)。 Many scientists/geologists/experts say (作者支持觀點(diǎn)) Many thinkers/philosophers/humanists say (作者駁斥觀 點(diǎn)),3. 錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)： 1). 直白膚淺 2). 出處錯(cuò)位 (混) 3). 因果倒置 (反) 4). 以偏蓋全 (偏) 5). 無中生有 (無) 6). 過于絕對 7). 同性元素,While it i

12、s true that, (主句) it is equally/ also/indeed true that 2) While it is true that, 主句 3) While，主句 4) Although(主句)yet 5) It is true / admitted that, but 6) Granted, but,It is true that his music is not classical, but is good of its kind. For me, it is admitted that there is no labor at any time, but Su

13、nday does bring me repose. Granted life is a tragedy at times and a comedy very often, but as a rule it is what we choose to make it.,獨(dú)立主格(Absolute Structure) 的構(gòu)成模式： (with)+名詞（或名詞短語）+現(xiàn)分/過分/形/介/副/不定式。,(With) a big family to support, the bread-earner had to work day and night. He left, (with) the fire

14、 burning. He said he had had his own love, his eyes misting. They had been sitting on a stone slab under an old cypress, their shoes and cuffs soaked.,So many directors _, the board meeting had to be put off. a. were absent b. been absent c. had been absent d. being absent (2001.1.四級）,All flights _

15、because of the terrible weather, they had to go there by train. a. were cancelled b. having cancelled c. had been cancelled d. having been cancelled (2002.1.四級),狀語從句（時(shí)狀、地狀、條件狀、目的狀、方式狀、結(jié)果狀、 讓步狀、原因狀、比較狀） 1.時(shí)狀引導(dǎo)詞： hardly/scarcelywhen；no soonerthan；（若描述過 去狀況，前半部分多用過去完成時(shí)，后半部分一般過去時(shí)） 例：Hardly had he assume

16、d the leadership role when he began to put on airs. the minute；the moment；immediately；directly; Instantly; 2. 條件狀引導(dǎo)詞： provided/providing; suppose/supposing；as(so) long as 3. 目的狀引導(dǎo)詞： lest; in case；for fear that；,4. 方式狀引導(dǎo)詞： as；as though/as if；the way； 5. 結(jié)果狀引導(dǎo)詞： to the degree/extent that； to such a de

17、gree/extent that； 6. 讓步狀引導(dǎo)詞： while；althoughyet/still（主句）； adj/adv/Ved/n(不加冠詞)+as+主+謂；V+as+主+助動(dòng)詞(may, might, can, could, will) 例：Poor as he is, he is very generous. Much as I respect him ,I cannot agree with him. Praised as he was, he was modest. Child as he is, he knows common sense. Try as you will

18、 ,you wont manage it.,be的倒裝句復(fù)原后是whetheror引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語 從句, 例: All substances, be they gaseous, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms. All substances, whether they may be gaseous, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms. 2. Any person, be he rich or poor, is regarded as equal by law. 3. To love a person, be

19、he nice-looking or not, is the true meaning of love.,1. 全部倒裝 方向副詞/地點(diǎn)副詞/時(shí)間副詞/介詞詞組在句首,如： away, in, out/here, there/now, then/into the, under the+運(yùn)動(dòng)性/存在性不及物動(dòng)詞(V)+名詞主語 2. 部分倒裝 1).否定副詞、詞組/only+狀語/程度、頻率狀語在句 首：如：never/only by the way/so, frequently+助 動(dòng)詞(V1)+名詞主語+謂語動(dòng)詞(V2) 2). 讓步、比較、條件狀語從句的倒裝,同位語從句：引導(dǎo)詞that,

20、whether, who, which, where, when 等。 例：We have no idea where he has gone. The question who should go abroad on this business tour requires consideration. 接同位語從句的名詞：report, fact, idea, suggestion, evidence, conclusion, statement, knowledge, discovery等 有內(nèi)涵的名詞,如building則不行。 同位語從句與定語從句區(qū)別： 1. 前者是名詞性質(zhì)，后者是形

21、容詞性質(zhì)； 2. 前者的that不作成分，但不可省，后者的that作成分，常?。?that+完整句子（同位語從句） that+不完整句子（定語從句）,1. A is no morethan B neithernor 2. A is not morethan B lessthan 3. A is no lessthan B bothand 4. A is not lessthan B morethan 5. no more than only, just 6. not more than at most 7. no less than as much as 8. not less than at least,S