1、Direct speech,直接引語和間接引語,& indirect speech,直接引語-間接引語的五變化,2.連接詞的變化,3.時態(tài)的變化,5.語序的變化,4.指示代詞、地點副詞、時間副詞和動詞的變化,1.人稱的變化,一、人稱的變化,人稱變化:直接引語變間接引語時，人稱代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人的立場作相應的變動。,1.He said, “I will go abroad on business.”,He said that he would go abroad on business.,2.He asked me, “Will you go to the park this evening?”,

2、He asked me if I would go to the park that evening.,3.The manager asked, “Was Jack late for the meeting?”,The manager asked whether Jack was late for the meeting.,人稱轉(zhuǎn)化應遵循“一主二賓三不變”?！耙恢鳌奔劝阎苯右弥械牡谝蝗朔Q （如I,me,my,we,our等）變?yōu)榕c主語相一致的人稱；“二賓”直接引用中的第二人稱變?yōu)榕c賓語人稱一致；“三不變”就是直接引語中的第三人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語時，任用第三人稱。,Exercises: 1.He

3、said “Ive left my book in your room.”,He said_ had left _book in _ room.,he,his,my,2. “When did you go to bed last night?”Father said to Peter.,Father asked Peter when _went to bed the night before.,he,3. . We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.”,We told her that _ are through the s

4、treet then.,they,that引導的賓語從句(that無實義) Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.,二.連接詞的變化,whether/if 引導的賓語從句 John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.,注意： 引述一般疑問句或附加疑問句時, 通常用whether或if引導, 而引述選擇疑問句時, 通常只用whether引導。 “Is this room yours or his?”he asked.,He asked me whether this room was mine or hi

5、s.,wh-詞引導的賓語從句連接詞不變 John asked Mary when she would return him the book.,that/what/how引導的賓語從句 He said that he was very happy. He said how happy he was.,She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.,二.時態(tài)的變化,若主句的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，從句的時態(tài)不變；若主句的時態(tài)是過去 時態(tài)時，從句的時態(tài)應相應變?yōu)檫^去時態(tài)。,“I know it,” he said.,He sa

6、id that he knew it.,一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時-,“Im making coffee for you all,” she said.,She said she was making coffee for us all.,現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時,“I have seen her before,” said he.,He said he had seen her before.,現(xiàn)在完成時,過去完成時,“I saw her last Mon-day,” he said.,He said he had seen her the previous Monday.,一般過去時,過去完成時

7、,“ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.,Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.,過去完成時,過去完成時,He said: “We shall start tomo-rrow.”,He said they would start the next day.,一般將來時,過去將來時,由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語,下列情況時態(tài)不變:,1. 不變的真理 The teacher s

8、aid to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.,2. 歷史事件： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.,3. 部分情態(tài)動詞,如must, ought to, used to, had b

9、etter等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.,四、指示代詞、副詞、動詞等可能要變化,that those then before that day (the) next day,in two days time the day before the night before two days before come take there,五.語序的變化：疑問句語序 陳述句語序,1.He said , “I am a senior student.”,He said that he was

10、a senior student.,2.He said to me , “I am learning English now.”,He said to me that he was learning English then.,Exercises,3.“Have you been to the USA?” Jim asked Tom. 4.He asked me, “Do you play chess?”,Jim asked Tom whether/if he had been to the USA.,He asked me if/whether I played chess.,5.“Whos

11、e book is it?” he asked.,He asked whose book it was.,6.He asked, “Where are you going?”,He asked (us) where we were going.,7.He said,“What a fine weather it is!”,He said that the weather is fine.,He said what a fine weather it was.,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ wo

12、rried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black said, “I have

13、walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C.

14、he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that

15、 he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?” Black asked me why _ yet. A. I