1、倒裝句,Inversion,一、倒裝句的概念,在英語(yǔ)中，正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后。如果將謂語(yǔ)的全部或一部分提到主語(yǔ)前面，這種語(yǔ)序就叫倒裝。 e.g.： 1. The children rushed out. (正常語(yǔ)序） 2. Out rushed the children. (倒裝語(yǔ)序） 3.Never shall I do the same thing again. (倒裝語(yǔ)序）,二、倒裝句的類型,1.完全倒裝(full inversion） 完全倒裝是指當(dāng)某一特定的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)，將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞直接提前放在主語(yǔ)之前構(gòu)成的倒裝句型。 e.g. (1) In came the boy. (

2、2) Away flew the bird. 注: 1.完全倒裝句中的主語(yǔ)一般是名詞，而不是代詞。 2.完全倒裝句通常只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 e.g. (1) At the foot of the mountain lives a village.（完全倒裝） （名詞）（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） (2) Here you are. （不倒裝） （代詞）,2.部分倒裝(partial inversion),部分倒裝是指當(dāng)某一特定內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)，不能將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞直接提至主語(yǔ)前面，而須將謂語(yǔ)的一部分（如助動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞be、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等)放在主語(yǔ)前面。 e.g. (1) Only then did we r

3、ealize that the man was blind. (2) Little did he realize that we were in danger.,三、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的用法及注意點(diǎn),1、完全倒裝 （1）一般疑問(wèn)句句型（主系表結(jié)構(gòu)) e.g. Is Mary a teacher？ （2）特殊疑問(wèn)句句型（主系表結(jié)構(gòu)) e.g. Who is that man ？ （3）There be 句型（除be之外，能與there連用的動(dòng)詞還有seem,exist,happen,appear,live,stand等） e.g. There are 50 students in the class. T

4、here stands a tall tree in front of the house.,（4）表示地點(diǎn)、方向等的介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首，且主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)，用完全倒裝。 e.g. Near the river was a tree. In the house lives an old man. At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel（教堂）. 注: 這個(gè)句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞大多為be,sit,live,lie,stand,rise,go,come等。 （5）當(dāng)副詞here,there,up,down,out,off,back,in,now,then,aw

5、ay等位于句首，且主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)，用完全倒裝。 e.g. There goes the bell. Now comes the bus. Down come the rian and up the umbrellas.,（6）當(dāng)句子中作表語(yǔ)的形容詞、過(guò)去分詞等較短，而主語(yǔ)相對(duì)比較長(zhǎng)，為了保持句子平衡而將表語(yǔ)前置時(shí)，句子的主謂語(yǔ)也應(yīng)完全倒裝。 e.g. Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the （賓語(yǔ)）（謂語(yǔ)）（主語(yǔ)） Chinese people. Those people are good teachers who

6、encourage students to （賓語(yǔ)） （謂語(yǔ)） （主語(yǔ)） work on their own and think for themselves. （7）表示感嘆、祝愿的句子 e.g. Isnt it interesting！ 真有趣 ！ May you succeed！ 祝你成功！ Long live the people！ 人民萬(wàn)歲！,（8）在直接引語(yǔ)全部或部分置于句首時(shí)，引用動(dòng)詞和它的主語(yǔ)（名詞）往往要倒裝。 e.g. “Youve made great progress this term.” said the teacher. “Tom”, said his fathe

7、r ,“You shouldnt make friends with such boys!” 注意：（1）主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，倒裝不到裝都可以。 e.g. “Where are you going?” asked he.（He asked.） （2）引用動(dòng)詞另有賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使主語(yǔ)是名詞也不倒裝。 e.g. “Why didnt you join us！” Our monitor asked us.,（9） 完全倒裝也適用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中 In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 遠(yuǎn)處可以看見紫色的山,2.部分倒裝,（1） 在以 so, nor,

8、neither 開頭的句子里。 e.g. A fish can swim and so can I. He didnt do it and neither did I. He didnt smoke, nor did he drink.,注意：,（1） 如果后一個(gè)句子只是單純的重復(fù)前面句子的意思，則不倒裝。（確實(shí)是） e.g. -It is hot today. -So it is. -He finished it on time. -So he did. （2）如按照別人的意思做了什么事，so也不用倒裝。（某人照辦了） e.g. The teacher asked me to read lo

9、uder,and I did so.,（2）當(dāng)前面的句子中主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)或肯否定形式不同時(shí)，則用so it is with 句型來(lái)表示。 e.g. Tom likes singing,but he doesnt like dancing. So it is with Mary. Tom is clever and he studies hard. So it is with Mary.,（3）由as 引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句: 當(dāng)as作比較意義時(shí)，即用于as+adj/advas 結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)，如果把第一個(gè)as省略掉，就形成部分倒裝句。 e.g. She charged the stairs, quick as

10、 a rabbit. 當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，和although,though一樣，當(dāng)用作“盡管”之義時(shí)，可以用于部分倒裝句。 e.g. Hard as he worked,he did not pass the exam. Child as he was,he was able to stand on his own feet. 注：被提前的表語(yǔ)如果是含有冠詞的名詞，這個(gè)冠詞要省略。,（4）在疑問(wèn)句里,e.g. Do you have an English class every day？ What did you say just now？ （5）當(dāng)“so （such）that”結(jié)構(gòu)中的so

11、或such位于句首時(shí)，構(gòu)成部分倒裝句。 e.g. So busy is the teacher that he has no time to spare.,(6) 在不帶if的虛擬條件從句中。 e.g. Should he be interested in this subject,he might work hard at it. (= If he should be interested in this suject,he might work hard at it.) Had I known the answer,I should have told you. ( = If I had

12、known the answer,I should have told you.),(7) 在否定或半否定放句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，部分倒裝。 never, hardly by no means 決不 scarcely 幾乎不，僅僅 in no case 決不 seldom,little at no time 決不 barely 僅夠，幾乎沒有 not until rarely 不常，很少 hardly(scarcely)when nowhere無(wú)處，到處都無(wú) no sooner than(一就),e.g. Never before have I met him. Hardly did I think

13、 it possible. Seldom did the boy read newspaper. Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery. 注意: 當(dāng)這些詞作形容詞修飾主語(yǔ)且置句首時(shí)，句子不倒裝。 e.g. Little work was done yesterday.,(8) Neithernor 連接的兩個(gè)句子都要倒裝； not onlybut also 連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí)， not only 后面的句子要倒裝， but also 不倒裝 e.g. Neither has he called on her,nor will he d

14、o so. Not only shall we learn from books, but also we should learn from practice.,(9) only 位于句首，修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用部分倒 裝。 e.g. Only the teachers can come in. Only yesterday did he leave for London. Only in this way can we work out the math problem. 注意: only修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句中倒裝，從句中不倒裝。 e.g. Only when he came

15、 back could we konw the results. (從句) (主句),(10) 句首為 many a time, to such an extent(到這樣的程度), to such a degree(達(dá)到這樣的程度), to such extremes(這樣極端), with good reason 等狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子需要部分倒裝。 e.g. Many a time have I dreamed of going back to the city.,Exercises,(1) Only in this way_able to finish the work in time. A.

16、 can you be B. are you C. you can be D. you are 此題應(yīng)選 B 容易誤選D。至于A,C，這比較容易排除，因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞can不能與be able to 用在同一謂語(yǔ)中。本題之所以要選B而不選D，主要是因?yàn)榫涫子昧薿nly in this way的緣故，需要倒裝。,(2) He studies very hard. Yes, so_and so_. A. he did, you did B. did he, did you C. he did, did you D. did he, you did C,(3)Not only _ a great wri

17、ter,but _ a great fighter. A. he is, he is B. is he, is he C. is he, he is D. he is, is he C 前倒后不倒,(4) _， it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with a eraser. A. Hard a diamond is B. Hard as a diamond is C. As a diamond is hard D. How hard is a diamond B由于此處缺狀語(yǔ)，故D的語(yǔ)序不對(duì)。A缺少連詞，C項(xiàng)as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句與主語(yǔ)意義正好相反。

18、B項(xiàng)為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，把被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分放在句首，此處as可用though來(lái)代替。,(5) Davids mother seldom does her homework on Sunday._. A. So does my mother B. Nor does my mother C. My mother isnt, either D. My mother doesnt, too B,(6)_ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Were he leaving C.Were he to leave D. Had he left C 這是省略連詞if 的表示將來(lái)虛擬的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)所講過(guò)的表示將來(lái)的虛擬句的結(jié)構(gòu)shoulddo或 were to do,故首先應(yīng)該排除A和D，而B則表示進(jìn)行的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因此C項(xiàng)正確。,(7) _ that it was made into a film. A. So great the success of the book was B. So successful the book was C. So the book was successful