1、,英語句子成分,content,什么是句子成分,CONTENTS,句子成分就是一個句子的各個組成部分。如果把一個句子看成是一棵樹， 那么一顆樹的組成部分有樹干、樹枝、樹葉；而一個句子的組成部分就有主語、謂語、賓語等。,英語中的句子成分主要有：,主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語、同位語,各個成分的功能,一、主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。主語一般位于_ 。 主語的主要類型包括：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞或-ed分詞、不定式、-ing分詞和(主語)從句等。,1名詞充當(dāng)主語。 Young people love pop music Old people prefer cla

2、ssical music,句首,各個成分的功能,2代詞充當(dāng)主語。如： It rains quite often in spring She was in a bad mood 3 數(shù)詞充當(dāng)主語。如： Two plus two makes four Five will be enough 4名詞化的形容詞或-ed分詞充當(dāng)主語。 如： The disabled are well taken care of,各個成分的功能,各個成分的功能,5不定式充當(dāng)主語。如： To study hard is your duty Its not easy to look after a sick old man

3、6-ing分詞充當(dāng)主語。如： Spitting in public is not allowed Being with you is terrific Its no use crying over the spilt milk (形式)主語 (真正的)主語,各個成分的功能,7從句充當(dāng)主語(該從句稱作主語從句)。 That Miss Gray speaks Chinese surprised us all 關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語(從句) How the Cartoon became an instant hit is a long story 關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語(從句),各個成分的功能,1. We love Chi

4、na. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English.,二、謂語,二、謂語:說明主語做什么或怎么樣。通常由_ 充當(dāng).動詞常分為實義動詞,連系動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞.,動詞,各個成分的功能,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞不能單獨充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.,They can speak English well. They are playing over there.,各個成分的功能,三、賓語 賓語(object)表示動作的承受者，在句中一般放在及物動詞之后。 賓語的主要類型：名詞、代詞、副詞、不定式、-ing

5、分詞、從句等。(能做主語的詞) 1名詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： Dry wood catches fire easily General questions cant puzzle the clever boy 2代詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： We can invite them to our party If you dont know the way，ask her,各個成分的功能,3副詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： The athletes left there just now 4不定式充當(dāng)賓語。如： Remember to bring your cell phone 5-ing分詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： You wont f

6、orget attending his farewell concert They stopped smoking at last,各個成分的功能,6從句充當(dāng)賓語。如： Do you know how serious the situation is ? I dont understand what you mean,各個成分的功能,雙賓語 有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語: 直接賓語(Direct Object)和間接賓語(Indirect Object), 稱為雙賓語.這兩個賓語往往一個指人(一般為間接賓語), 另一個指物(一般為直接賓語). 間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前. He gave me

7、 a book.,間接賓語,直接賓語,有時為了強調(diào)間接賓語, 也可將間接賓語后置, 并在其前加上介詞to或for. He gave a book to me. He bought this book for me. 注意: 如果直接賓語是人稱代詞, 則間接賓語必須后置, 并在其前加上介詞to或for. Heres your report. Dont forget to show it to your parents.,表語主要用于表述主語的特征，狀態(tài)，身份等。它位于連系動詞后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。,四、 表語：,各個成分的功能,系動詞,Add your title,表示狀態(tài),Add your tit

8、le,Add your title,Add your title,感官系動詞,變得,be,一直保持,keep， remain，stay,看起來，似乎,seem， appear,look, sound, smell , taste, feel,become, turn ,fall, grow, get, go, come, run,各個成分的功能,各個成分的功能,各個成分的功能,名詞 His father is a teacher. b. 代詞 This book is mine. c. 形容詞或分詞短語 The leaves turn yellow in autumn. The teacher

9、 was satisfied with your work. The story is very interesting.,d. 數(shù)詞 One plus one is two. e. 動詞不定式或動名詞短語 My job is looking after her. What we want to do now is (to) lie down and rest.,各個成分的功能,f. 副詞或介詞短語 Sorry, my father isnt in. Tom is in Shanghai now. g. 從句 The question is why we should put off the

10、meeting.,各個成分的功能,各個成分的功能,五、 定語:(attribute),定語：修飾主語、賓語和表語,形容詞、名詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語、數(shù)詞、代詞、句子等都可以用來充當(dāng)定語。在翻譯時往往譯為 “的”,This is a lively and interesting class.,后置定語,There is something difficult to deal with.,有一些難題要處理,這是一節(jié)生動有趣的課,前置定語,形容詞 Newton is a famous scientist. b. 名詞 Lets listen to the weather forecast fir

11、st.,c. 動名詞 Our school is going to build a swimming pool. d. 分詞短語或動詞不定式短語 She is reading an interesting book. I have no pen to write with.,e. 介詞短語或副詞 I havent got the solution to the problem. I used to live in the room above. f. 從句 The man who is coming toward us is my English teacher.,六、 狀語:(adverbi

12、al),狀語是修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子 成分； 按用途分，可分為時間，地點，原因，結(jié)果，目的，條件，讓步，程度，方式，伴隨狀況等。,副詞 Who can write beautifully? b. 介詞短語 Were going to spend the holiday at the seaside. c. 分詞短語 Not knowing what to do, I decided to give up.,d. 動詞不定式短語 His mother often comes to see him. e. 名詞 Please come this way. f. 從句 As soon

13、as the teacher came in, all the students stood up.,七、補語：補語最常用于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，對動詞后的賓語進(jìn)行補充說明。修飾對象是名詞，對賓語進(jìn)行補充說明的是賓補，對主語進(jìn)行解釋說明的是主補。,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓語賓補,n,adj,adv.,介詞短語,分詞短語與動詞不定式,各個成分的功能,I consider your brother a clever boy. I found the classroom empty. I saw him enter the room. I believe him to be honest.,I heard the boy

14、 crying. He left the girl in the room.,各個成分的功能,八、 同位語 在一個句子中, 一個名詞或 代詞, 或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語或 從句, 放在另一個名詞或代詞 之后, 用以說明它的性質(zhì)或情 況, 被稱為同位語(Appositive). 可作同位語的通常有:,名詞 This is my best friend, Tom. b. 代詞 We all got a surprise. c. 數(shù)詞 This prize is for you two. d. 從句 I had no idea that you were here.,主謂（賓） 主系表 就是一個最簡單的句

15、子構(gòu)成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相當(dāng)于一棵樹的樹干部分。并由此構(gòu)成了英語的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu),S+V 主語謂語 S+V+P 主語系動詞表語 S+V+O 主語謂語賓語 S+V+o+O 主語謂語雙賓語 S+V+O+C 主語謂語賓語賓補,各個成分的功能,content,1. S+V 主謂（不及物動詞）,英語五種基本句型,The sun was shinning. The moon rose. We all breathe, eat and drink. Lucy gets up early every morning. He had slept for a long time when I came in

16、. His parents have worked in the factory for more than 10 years.,content,2. S+V+P 主系表,英語五種基本句型,This is an English dictionary. The dinner smells good. He fell asleep. His face turned red. The well has gone dry. He is growing tall and strong.,content,3. S+V+O 主謂賓,英語五種基本句型,Who knows the answer? He enjoys reading. He has refused to help them. He admits that he was wrong.,content,4. S+V+ o + O 主謂間賓直賓,英語五種基本句型,He brought you a dictionary. I s