1、2014年中考- 動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí),A、考點(diǎn): 一、七種時(shí)態(tài)(過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)? 一般、進(jìn)行還是完成?） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(及被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)(及被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)(及被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)（不單獨(dú)考察,但閱讀理解會(huì)有）,1、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) （1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常做的事，習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，或者客觀(guān)真理。 注意動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。 （2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 構(gòu)成：am, is, are+ 現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)詞的ing形式） （3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)：have/ has+過(guò)去分詞 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的兩個(gè)含義： 過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)

2、在造成的結(jié)果或影響。（著重現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果。） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。,（4）一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示從現(xiàn)在看將要發(fā)生的事（將會(huì)怎么樣），或計(jì)劃打算做某事。 結(jié)構(gòu)：will+動(dòng)詞原形，be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 （5）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式。 （6）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)指過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生，或者一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 結(jié)構(gòu)：was/ were+現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)詞的ing形式）,（7）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是指從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間看，將要發(fā)生的事，或某人說(shuō)過(guò)他要干什么。 結(jié)構(gòu)：would+動(dòng)詞原

3、形 （8）過(guò)去完成時(shí)是指到過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，或者指過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作（過(guò)去的過(guò)去）。 結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過(guò)去分詞。,2、時(shí)態(tài)一致原則： （1）在賓語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)意義，用所需的任何時(shí)態(tài)。 （2）在賓語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般要用過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)（客觀(guān)真理除外）。 在賓語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)（過(guò)去的過(guò)去）。 在賓語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后，要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：would+動(dòng)詞原形 （3）在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中（或在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中），如果主句

4、是一般將來(lái)時(shí)（或祈使句，或含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, must），從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。,二、動(dòng)詞形式 （1）原形（除“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)”外的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、祈使句、不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，助動(dòng)詞will/wont/do/dont/does/doesnt/ did/didnt等后接動(dòng)詞原形，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形等） （2）帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式 (to +動(dòng)詞原形) （3）動(dòng)詞的-s形式（用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)） （4）動(dòng)詞的ing形式（動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞） （5）過(guò)去式 （用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)） （6）過(guò)去分詞（構(gòu)成完成時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）,1、動(dòng)詞原形 （1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)除單三形式都用原形。 （

5、2）祈使句：動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭, 可加please, let。 否定祈使句 Dont +動(dòng)詞原形 （3）助動(dòng)詞do, does, did幫助構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句后用動(dòng)詞原形，dont, doesnt, didnt, will, wont +動(dòng)詞原形 （4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, cant, couldnt, may, must, mustnt, should 等+動(dòng)詞原形,（5）had better do sth, had better not do sth. （6）why not do sth? （7）would you please do sth? would you please not do

6、sth? （8）prefer to do sth rather than do sth else,（9）不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式 使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make sb. do sth (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要加to) 感官動(dòng)詞 see, hear, watch, feel, notice(注意到) sb. do sth. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要加to) (看到，聽(tīng)到，感到，注意到某人做了某事) 注意：see, hear, watch, notice sb. doing sth (看到，聽(tīng)到，感到，注意到某人正在做某事),2、帶to的不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定 Mother told me not to g

7、o out alone at night. 跟動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞 want (sb) to do sth ask (sb) to do sth. tell (sb) to do sth. seem to do (be) wish to do sth hope to do sth,agree to do sth expect (sb) to do sth refuse to do sth decide to do sth make a decision to do sth afford to do sth have enough to do sth learn to do sth try to d

8、o sth fail to do sth find sb. to be.,動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ) Lets get something delicious to eat. Its ones duty to do sth. wait for ones turn to do sth. 動(dòng)詞不定式表目的 use sth. to do sth be used to do sth do(try) ones best to do sth He flew to Beijing to spend his holiday. He came to give us a talk yesterday.,形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式

9、be enough to do sth be afraid to do sth be sorry to do be glad to do Be careful to do sth Its (for sb.) to do sth. Its (of sb.) to do sth. too to結(jié)構(gòu) ,疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式 where to go, what to do, how to do it, how to answer the question 下面的半情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含to used to do sth would like to do sth be able to do sth have to d

10、o sth,3、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式-動(dòng)名詞 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ) Traveling by air is very exciting. Taking care of our environment is very important. 動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ) keep doing sth. practise doing sth enjoy doing sth finish doing sth be worth doing sth give up doing sth keep on doing sth carry on doing sth feel like doing sth,介詞+動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) be good

11、 at doing sth do well in doing sth instead of doing sth stop sb. (from) doing sth prevent sb. (from) doing sth keep sb. from doing sth(阻止某人做某事) keep sb. doing sth（使某人不斷做某事）,4、既可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式又可以跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞 like, love, hate(恨，討厭）, begin, start 5、下列動(dòng)詞跟動(dòng)詞不定式和跟動(dòng)名詞意思不同 remember doing sth 記得做了 remember to do sth 記著要

12、做 forget doing sth 忘記做過(guò)了 forget to do sth 忘了要做 stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下來(lái)做另一件事 go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做 go on to do sth 接下來(lái)做,6、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式-現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨動(dòng)作 be busy doing sth Beethoven worked all night writing down the new piece of music. friends get together and go from house to house singing Ch

13、ristmas songs. 現(xiàn)在分詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí): 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/ is/ are+現(xiàn)在分詞 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): was/ were+現(xiàn)在分詞,7、過(guò)去分詞（規(guī)則變化+ed, 不規(guī)則變化） 過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成完成時(shí)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/ has+過(guò)去分詞 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am,is,are+過(guò)去分詞 一般過(guò)去時(shí):was, were+過(guò)去分詞 一般將來(lái)時(shí): will be+過(guò)去分詞 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:can/may/must be+過(guò)去分詞,B、做題方法： 1、根據(jù)上下文和關(guān)鍵詞（信號(hào)詞）判斷時(shí)態(tài)。 2、注意動(dòng)名詞、不定式、原形 3、注意單、復(fù)數(shù) 4、想著被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),真題再現(xiàn) A Jim is

14、 a lovely boy, but he 81 (have)a bad memory. Last Sunday morning. Tom 82 (play)in his bedroom when his mother asked him 83 (go) shopping. She told him not to forget to buy six oranges, ten eggs and some meat. Mum, I 84 _ (remember). Tom answered with a smile. When he 85 (return) home and saw his mot

15、her, his face turned red. He said, I am sorry, mum. I have forgotten to buy oranges and meat. I remembered to buy the eggs, but I dropped four of them.,has,was playing,to go,will remember /have remembered,returned,B Dear Li Ping, I havent heard from you for long. How are you 86 (get)on with your wor

16、k? I 87 _ (finish) the exams already. I think I 88 _ (be)able to pass them. Now I have much time 89 _ (write) this letter to you. At school we are often 90 _ (tell)that China is a beautiful country. Though it is far away from New York. I d like to go there one day. Please write back soon.,have finis

17、hed,will be,to write,told,真題再現(xiàn) AA: May I （81）_（speak）to Susan, please?B: Speaking. Is that you. Tom?A: Yes. it is. Im going to New York tomorrow.B. Oh, how lucky you are! How long （82）_you _（stay）there?A: Two days. Well, Susan, you（83）_（be）there several times. Can you tell me something about the cit

18、y?B: Id love to. We can have a talk this evening.A: Why （84）_（not come）over to dinner at my house at five oclock? My mother （85）_（cook）for us now.B: OK. See you at five oclock.A: See you.,speak,have,stayed,have been,not come,is cooking,BIn England nobody under the age of eighteen（86）_（allow）to drink

19、 in a bar（酒吧）. Everyone（87）_（know）it well. It was Jacks eighteenth birthday yesterday. Mr. Smith（88）_（take） him to his usual bar for the first time. They drank for half an hour, and then Mr. Smith said to his son, “Now, Jack, （89）_（listen）to me. You must always be careful（90）_（not drink）too much.” “

20、But how can I know I have had enough?” “Well, I will tell you. Do you see those two lights at the corner of the bar? When you see four there, youve had enough and should go home.”“But, Dad,” said Jack, “I can only see one light there.”,is allowed,knows,took,listen,not to drink,真題 再現(xiàn) A One night, a 5

21、-year-old son (81) _ (teach) by his mother about God. “Do you know that God (82) _ (know) where everybody is , and exactly what they are doing. So if you do something wrong, he (83) _ (get) angry.” The little boy (84) _ (look) at his mother and said, “Wow! He must (85) _ (have) a computer!”,was told

22、,knows,will get,looked,have,B Summer (86) _ (come) now. If its a bright clear day outside, you had better (87) _ (wear) a pair of sunglasses. They can help you stop the sunshine from (88) _ (hurt) your eyes. If you (89)_already _ (regard) sunglasses as a part of your summer life, thats good. If not,

23、 please (90) _ (learn) to do so.,is coming,/ has come,wear,hurting,have,regarded,learn,A My little brother is a couch-potato(電視迷). He can keep 6_ (watch)TV for a whole day without a rest. One day, when he7_(watch) TV, he8_(stop)by my mother. Mother said to him, “If you9_(watch)it for too long. Your

24、eyes5_(become) bad!”,watching,was watching,was stopped,watch,will become,Exercises:,B I think the children can _ (1 share) some housework, its a big help because parents _ (2work) hard every day. Last Sunday morning, I _ (3 plan) to play football, but when I saw my mum _ (4 get) ready for the washin

25、g. I decided to help her. So I told my friends _ (5 play) football by themselves. Mum was happy to see that, she was proud of me.,share,work,planned,getting,to play,C Im busy working these days. I (1)_(not receive) any news from my family since last Sunday. Now I (2)_(send)an e-mail to them. My fath

26、er (3)_(tell) me to buy him a new TV set. He enjoys (4)_(watch) TV plays. If I am free, Ill buy one for him. I think he will be very happy (5)_(see) it.,havent received,am sending,told,watching,to see,D Xiao Qing likes_(1play) computers games very much. He used _ (2play) games in the Internet bar every day. But now he _ (3study) hard. He said, “I _ (4waste) a lot of time. I must work harder_ (5catch) up with my classmates.” Its never too late to study!,playing/to play,to play,is studying,have wasted,to catch,E All of my students think Im a good teac