1、概述 動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí) 態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，它仍有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，可以有 自己的賓語或狀語，一起構(gòu)成不定式短語。不 定式除具有動(dòng)詞的許多特點(diǎn)外，還具有名詞等 特點(diǎn)，在句中可以做主語、賓語、表語、賓補(bǔ)、 定語和狀語，即除謂語外都能作。,用法： 1 作主語: 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) To learn a foreign language is difficult. * 往往放在后面, 用it 作形式主語，不定式做真正的主語。 It is difficult to learn a foreign language 2.作賓語： We agreed to meet here , but so fa

2、r she hasnt turned up yet. * 有時(shí)用it作形式賓語，不定式做真正的賓語。 I finds it interesting to study English. I feel it my duty to help others.,作表語: 放在系動(dòng)詞be seem appear remain etc. 后面 Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks. seem/appear to do / to be doing / to have done Having a trip abroad is certainly good for

3、 the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it. What I want to do is (to) break the world record. （如果主語部分含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do或do的某種形式 ，表語不定式的 to 通常省略。）,作賓語補(bǔ)足語: He asked me to do the work with him. 接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有 ask allow permit order tell advise expect wish force beg invite encourage persua

4、de etc. * 在 feel hear, listen to have let make have see, watch , look at, notice, observe等詞后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語如果是不定式，要省略 to, 被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)必須加上 to I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song.,作定語： （1）通常放在所修飾名詞或代詞的后面。 當(dāng)被修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式的邏輯賓語，且不定式 的邏輯主語是句子的主語時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被 動(dòng)意義。若不定式為vi.，其后應(yīng)加上一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 Ive

5、 got a letter to write. He needs a room to live in. （2）序數(shù)詞后作定語 She likes to listen to Mr. Lis lessons , so she is always the first to come and the last to leave. （3）the only 后作定語 (4) 最高級后作定語,but + 不定式 but 為介詞，“除了” ， = except ，后跟不定式時(shí) 一般帶to The bear had no choice but to lie down and sleep. The little

6、girl said nothing but to cry. 2 but前如有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do或do的某種形式，后面不定 式符號to要省略。 The little girl did nothing but cry. I have nothing to do but wait. 3 常用結(jié)構(gòu) cant help doing cant help but do have no choice but to do do nothing but do,動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 一般式： 動(dòng)詞不定式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在謂語動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生。 He seems to know this. 同時(shí) I

7、hope to meet you again. 之后 進(jìn)行式：動(dòng)詞不定式表示的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，并強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 He pretended to be sleeping when I came in.,完成式：不定式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。 I seem to have met you somewhere before.,完成進(jìn)行式：,不定式所表示的動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生，并可能延續(xù) 下去。,She seems to have been reading the novel for three hours.,不定式邏輯主語 （1）一般是句子的主語。 He see

8、med to be reading something. (2)當(dāng)需要明確指出不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用for/ of 引出，邏輯主語用賓格形式，for/of本身無實(shí)際意義。 Its necessary for us to help each other.,有形容詞作表語時(shí)： 當(dāng)這些作表語的形容詞能表達(dá)不定式的邏輯主語的品行、性格、性質(zhì)時(shí)，要用of brave careful careless kind nice good honest clever wise unwise stupid foolish rude cruel silly thoughtful impolite polite et

9、c. It be + a . of sb. to do sth =sb/sth be + a. to do sth . It is very kind of you to say so. = You are very kind to say so.,當(dāng)這些表語形容詞不能說明不定式的邏輯主語，只能說明不定式行為的是與非，重不重要等時(shí)： It be +a. for sb. / sth. to do. sb. / sth be + a . to do easy important difficult hard possible impossible necessary It is difficult for beginners to read the book. Beginners are difficult to read the book.,不定式省略問題 有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，省去不定式后面的內(nèi)容，保留到不定式符號to；如果是to be ， 保留到be；如果是to have done ， 保留到to have。,A Would you like to go to his p