1、2011年山東青島大學基礎英語(1)考研真題PART IVOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE (40 points)Choose one of the four answers that best completes the sentence.1. The English language contains a of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.A. latitudeB. multitudeC. magnitudeD. longitude2. Jack is not very

2、decisive, and he always finds himself in a as if he doesnt know what he really wants to do.A. fantasyB. dilemmaC. contradictionD. conflict3. Psychologists have done extensive studies on how well patients with doctors orders.A. complyB. correspondC. interfereD. interact4. The politician says he will

3、the welfare of the people.A. prey onB. take onC. get atD.see to5. The famous scientist his success to hard work.A. impartedB. grantedC. ascribedD. acknowledged6. The from childhood to adulthood is always critical time for everybody.A. conversionB. transitionC. turnoverD. transformation7. The medicin

4、e his pain but did not care his illness.A. activatedB. alleviatedC. mediatedD. deteriorated8. Up until that time his interest had focused almost on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft.A. restrictivelyB. radicallyC. inclusivelyD. exclusively9. After four years in the same job his e

5、nthusiasm finally .A. deterioratedB. dispersedC. dissipatedD. drained10. No one can function properly if they are of adequate sleep.A. deprivedB. rippedC. strippedD. contrived11. The prospect of increased prices has already worries.A. provokedB. irritatedC. inspiredD. hoisted12. Imposing steep fines

6、 on employers for on-the-job injuries to workers could be an effective to creating a safer workplace, especially in the case of employers with poor safety records.A. alternativeB. additionC. deterrentD. incentive13. The disjunction between educational objectives that stress independence and individu

7、ality and those that emphasize obedience to rules and cooperation with others reflects a that arises from the values on which these objectives are based.A. conflictB. redundancyC. gainD. predictability14. A misconception frequently held by novice writers is that sentence structuremirrors thought: th

8、e more convoluted the structure, the more the ideas.A. complicatedB. elementaryC. fancifulD. inconsequential15. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selectspeople and ask them questions.A. at lengthB. at randomC. in essenceD. in bulk16. In fact as he approached this

9、 famous statue, he only barely resisted the to reach into his bag for his camera.A. impatienceB. impulseC. incentiveD. initiative17. Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this only the crisis.A. precedesB. prevailsC. ascendsD. accelerates18. Very few people could understand t

10、he lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very .A. obscure B. indefinite C. dubious D. intriguing19. Contrary to the popular conception that it is powered by conscious objectivity,science often operates through error, happy accidents, persistence in spite of mistakes.A. controlsB. h

11、unchesC. deductionsD. calculations20. Contrary to the antiquated idea that the eighteenth century was a andIsland of elegant assurance, evidence reveals that life for most people was filled with uncertainty and insecurity.A. tranquilB. clannishC. decliningD. recognized21. David likes country life an

12、d has decided to farming.A. go in forB. go back onC. go through withD. go along with22. A subway modernization program intended to a host of problemsranging from dangerous tracks to overcrowded stairwells has failed to meet its schedule for repairs.A. initiateB. deploreC. discloseD. eliminate23. Cha

13、llenging James Baldwin, who wrote of Black Americans as being in a perpetualstateofrage,Mr.Coseremarksthatfewhumanbeings could the psychic toll of uninterrupted anger.A. enhanceB. refineC. surviveD. refute24. A diligent scholar, she devoted herself to the completion of the book.A. assiduouslyB. inge

14、nuouslyC. theoreticallyD. sporadically25. A hypothesis must not only account for what we already know, but it must also be by continued observation.A. interruptedB. verifiedC. discreditedD. refuted26. A leading philosopher of our time, Ludwig Wittgenstein, laid down a rule to which good historians :

15、 “ Of that of which nothing is known nothing can be said.”A. protectB. amendC. adhereD. succumb27. A major outbreak of food poisoning in 1993 underlined the serious in the then-current system of food inspection.A. expectationsB. innovationsC. deficienciesD. objectivity28. A man incapable of action,

16、he never had an opinion about something that he had not worked up beforehand, fashioning it with lengthy care.A. self-consciousB. spontaneousC. coherentD. calculated29. A sense of fairness dictates that the punishment should fit the crime, yet inactual practice, judicial decisions criminal offense.g

17、reatly for the same type ofA. coincideB. simplifyC. compromiseD. vary30. According to the Senator, it was not hypocrisy for a politician in search of votesto a mother on the beauty of her plain child; it was merely soundpolitical common sense.A. ridicule B. intimidate C. compliment D. Evaluate31. Al

18、though a few of her contempories her book, most either ignored it or mocked it.A. dismissed B. appreciated C. disregarded D. deprecated32. Although he had the numerous films to his credit and a reputation for technical expertise, the moviemaker lacked originality, all his films were sadly of the wor

19、k of others.A. independent B. derivative C. unconscious D. contradictory33. Although, as wife of President John Adams, Abigail Adams sought a greater voice for women, she was not a feminist in modern sense, she the traditional view of women as “beings placed by Providence” under male protection.A. a

20、nticipated B. regretted C. accepted D. repudiated34. American culture now stigmatizes, and sometimes even heavily behavior that was once taken for granted: overt racism, cigarette smoking the use of sexual stereotypes.A. penalizes B. advocates C. ignores D. advertises35. Social scientist have establ

21、ished fairly clear-cut that describe theappropriate behavior of children and adults, but there seem to be confusion about what constitutes appropriate behavior for adolescents.A. functionsB. normsC. regulationsD. rigidity36. After reading numbers of biographies recounting dysfunctions and disasters,

22、failed marriages and failed careers, Joyce Carol Oates describe the genre: pathography, the story of diseased lives.A. dismissedB. hypothesizedC. coinedD. reiterateda word to37. All critics have agreed that the operas score is , but curiously ,no two critics have agreed which passages to praise and

23、which to damn.A. intolerableB. unsurpassedC. conventionalD. uneven38. The of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.A. implementationB. manifestationC. demonstrationD. expedition39. Although Henry was not in general a sentimenta

24、l man, occasionally he would feel a touch of for the old days and would contemplate making a briefexcursion to Boston to revisit.A. anxiety B. aspiration C. nostalgia D. inspiration40. Although Josephine Tey is arguably as good a mystery writer as Agatha Christie, she is clearly far less than Christ

25、ie, having only written six books in comparison to Christie as sixty.A. coherent B. prolific C. equivocal D. PretentiousPART II WRITTEN EXPRESSION （10 points）Directions: Each sentence in the following has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B)

26、, (C), (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, write down your answer.ExampleServing several term in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United ABCStates politician.DThe sentence should read,

27、 “Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United States politician.” Therefore, you should choose (B).1. The main attractive at Sequoia National Park is thirty-five groves of giant ABCsequoias, the largest living things in the world.D2. In films, optical printing can

28、be combined with blue-screen photography forABproduce such special effects as characters seeming to fly through the air.CD3. The developed countries of the world are using up valuable resources at a rateABCunprecedented human history.D4. Over the entirely surface of the Earth, there is not a cubic i

29、nch of air nor an ounceABCof soil in which water is not present.D5. Periods of sleep are necessary for the preservation of life, and while such periodsABthe body apparently recuperates from the effects of waking activity.CD6. Electricity is the phenomenon associated with positively and negatively Ap

30、articles charged of matter at rest and in motion, either individually or in great numbers.BCD7. The Mayo Clinic, one of the worlds largest medical center, was founded in 1889Ain Rochester, Minnesota, as a voluntary association of physicians.BCD8. The planet Venus is comparing with Earth in terms of

31、size, mass, and density, but ABhas a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere, a slow rotation, and no moon.CD9. Art criticism of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century North America examined the degree to which sculpture embraced the spiritually values that were ABCideal for that period.D10. Fewest of

32、her poems were published during her lifetime, but when they were ABCrediscovered in the 1920s, Emily Dickinson became known as a major writer.DPART III READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points)In this section there are three reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the

33、 passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage 1Social critics and the general public in the United States have blamed television for every social ill from declining academic performance to juvenile delinquency. Concentrating on the negatives, however, sometimes leads people to i

34、gnore the equally important questions about the positive contributions television does make or could make. Clearly, the content of television can be beneficial or harmful. What about the medium of television itself?Some contend that television as a medium engenders intellectual passivity, displaces

35、creative and intellectually demanding activities, and interferes with schoolwork. The evidence does not support the worst fears of televisions critics. Television displaces some activities, but primarily those that are functionally similar to it. Television viewing is associated with low school achi

36、evement and low reading ability, but these effects appear to be due to or confounded by other variables such as time spent viewing. On the positive side, properly designed television can teach reading skills and motivate children to read.Television does not inherently encourage passivity, intellectu

37、al or physical. People can watch television actively or passively. Young childrens patterns of attention and learning from television demonstrate that when they are absorbed in television they are mentally active and selective. They think about and evaluate what they are seeing. However, the predomi

38、nance of pure entertainment on television in the United States eventually leads viewers to adopt an attitude that television requires little mental effort because they believe the medium is undemanding and areconfirmed in this view by the banal nature of many programs.Television formats, forms, and

39、production techniques can be used to stimulate viewers to think actively about what they are viewing or to interact with the program. Children learn to read the production cues denoting interesting and comprehensible content. Well-placed special effects can direct attention, formats can signal impor

40、tant content, and production features can emphasize content messages. These techniques are used in good educational programs to maximize viewer involvement.1. The author mentions declining academic performance in line 2 in order toA. describe how it contributes to juvenile delinquency.B. argue that

41、television causes a reduction in brain cells.C. support teachers efforts to limit television viewing.D. give an example of a consequence attributed to television viewing.2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an effect of excessive television viewing?A. Neglect of schoolworkB.

42、Replacement of more challenging activitiesC. Intellectual passivityD. Damage to eyesight3. The author suggests that children who learn to read through television.A. absorb more information from television than from schoolwork.B. are more sight-oriented than sound-oriented.C. watch television more ac

43、tively than is commonly believed.D. have a difficult time transferring their reading skills to books.4. The author believes that viewers have a negative opinion of television in the United States becauseA. it tends to shorten the attention span of children.B. it is largely devoted to entertaining pr

44、ogramming.C. its programs are frequently interrupted by technical problems.D. it contributes to low self-esteem.5. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Educational programs are difficult to produce.B. Television formats have undergone few changes in the past decade.C. Television programmin

45、g can be designed to increase viewer involvement.D. Special effects on television have replaced the role of the imagination.Passage 2In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. Ther

46、e are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects, appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of

47、violence as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills youwith despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basica

48、lly unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solutio

49、n ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they

50、advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a lo

51、ng way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere

52、apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each others problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it

53、 is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. Talk, talk, talk, the advocates of violence say, all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser. Its rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy ar

54、gument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. Possible, my lord, the barrister replied, none the wiser, but surely far better informed. Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.6. What is the

55、best title for this passage?A. Advocating Violence.B. Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C. Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D. The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence7. Recorded history has taught usA. violence never solves anything.B

56、. nothing.C. the bloodshed means nothing.D. everything.8. It can be inferred that truly reasonable menA. cant get a hearing.B. are looked down upon.C. are persecuted.D. Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.9. He was none the wiser meansA. he was not at all wise in listening.B. He was not at

57、 all wiser than nothing before.C. He gains nothing after listening.D. He makes no sense of the argument.10. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice isA. law enforcement.B. knowledge.C. nonviolence.D. Mopping up the violentPassage 3Roger Rosenblatts book Black Fiction, in attempt to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addi