1、英語(yǔ)句子概論,1. 句子的成分,主語(yǔ):表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事, 由名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)或句子充當(dāng) 位于句首。 謂語(yǔ):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，是什么或怎么樣 由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組充當(dāng), 位于主語(yǔ)后。 賓語(yǔ):表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象,通常位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):補(bǔ)充賓語(yǔ)的成分,通常位于賓語(yǔ)后。由形容詞，名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。 表語(yǔ):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征,位于系動(dòng)詞之后。 以上的成分稱(chēng)為基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2-4個(gè)基本成分。,定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city. China is

2、a developing country; America is a developed country. There are thirty women teachers is our school. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. He is reading an article about how to lea

3、rn English. Tom is a boy who likes music very much.,（形容詞）,（分詞）,（名詞）,（代詞）,（不定式）,（動(dòng)名詞）,（介詞短語(yǔ)）,（從句）,狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子， 說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)。 通常有副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng) 狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下： How about meeting again at six?（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語(yǔ)） I shall go there if it doesnt

4、 rain.（條件狀語(yǔ)） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）,She put the eggs into the basket with great care.方式狀語(yǔ) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.伴隨狀語(yǔ) In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 目的狀語(yǔ) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) She works very hard though sh

5、e is old.讓步狀語(yǔ) I am taller than he is.比較狀語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ): 對(duì)其前面的名詞代詞做進(jìn)一步解釋. That is Mr. Chen, our English teacher. 插入語(yǔ): 對(duì)一句話(huà)作一些附加的解釋. To be honest, I dont quite agree with you.,定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)及插入語(yǔ)可以稱(chēng)為 附屬句子成分。,2.句子的分類(lèi),1）她喜歡集郵.,2）食物很精美,但他卻沒(méi)什么胃口.,3）我們到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候,電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)演了.,She is fond of collecting stamps.,The food was good,

6、 but he had little appetite.,The film had begun when we got to the cinema.,翻譯下列句子：,判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room. 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in th

7、e morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,簡(jiǎn)單句,復(fù)合句,簡(jiǎn)單句,簡(jiǎn)單句,5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important. 9. The farmer is showing the

8、boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,復(fù)合句,并列句,復(fù)合句,簡(jiǎn)單句,簡(jiǎn)單句,3. 簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型,英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一: + （主謂） 基本句型二: + + （主系表） 基本句型三: + + （主謂賓） 基本句型四: + +O1 +2（主謂間賓 直賓） 基本句型五: + + +(主謂賓賓補(bǔ)),基本句型 一 + （主謂）,此句型中動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,能表達(dá)完整意思。 主語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-狀語(yǔ)， 如，The red sun rises in the east

9、.,基本句型 二 + + （主系表）,此句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。 系動(dòng)詞有三類(lèi)： 1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的： be, seem, appear, feel ,look, smell, sound, taste 2. 表狀態(tài)延續(xù)的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand 3. 表狀態(tài)變化 的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow,基本句型 三 + +（主謂賓）,此句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，必須跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整，而賓語(yǔ)

10、成分的多樣化使這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。,基本句型 四 + +IO +（主謂間賓直賓）,此句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者（多指物），另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接賓語(yǔ)（多指人）。 若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)，后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)，則要借助與介詞to 或for。 He bought me a beautiful skirt. He bought a beautiful skirt for me.,用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。 用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。 常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有： （需借助 to的）bring, give, lend, h

11、and, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等 （需借助for的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing等。,基本句型 五 + + +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）,此句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除了跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)外，還需跟一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)不足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。,注意：用 it 做形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放到 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面，是英語(yǔ)常用句型。,即 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + it + 賓補(bǔ) + 真正賓語(yǔ)。如， I found it very ple

12、asant to be with your family.,常用于此句型的動(dòng)詞有:think, believe, consider, suppose, find, feel, make,使用it當(dāng)形式賓語(yǔ)翻譯下面的句子 1.他感到很難跟你交談。 2.我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。 3.學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開(kāi)始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。 4. 我認(rèn)為與那個(gè)人談話(huà)是無(wú)益的。,1.He felt it very difficult to talk with you. 2.I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 3.The s

13、chool made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 4.I thought it no use talking with that man,You are sitting on the train home. There comes the bus ! The egos potential for expansion is limitless. Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships. Our neighbo

14、rs gave us a baby bird yesterday. We think it our duty to study well.,主+謂（S+V）,主+謂（S+V）,主+系 +表（S+V+P）,主+動(dòng) +賓（SVO）,主+動(dòng) +間賓 +直賓（SVOiOd）,主+動(dòng) +賓 +補(bǔ)（SVOC）,判斷下列句子屬于何種句式,Exercises :,更正下列句子的錯(cuò)誤,Exercises :,1. He came the room. 2. The music sounds. 3. I have seen. 4. He gave a pen me. 5. The boss made the boy

15、 to work hard. 6. My father bought a book to me.,1. He came into the room. 2. The music sounds wonderful. 3. I have seen the film. 4. He gave a pen to me. 5. The boss made the boy work hard. 6. My father bought a book for me .,Exercises :,翻譯下列句子并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)：,1.我經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語(yǔ)。 2.瑪麗是個(gè)聰明的學(xué)生。 3.我的老師交給我一封信。4.我母親經(jīng)常

16、叫我努力學(xué)習(xí)。 5.我們叫我們的老師王先生 6.他正在房里做家庭作業(yè)。,1. I often read English in the morning.,2. Mary is a clever student.,3. My teacher gave me a letter.,4. My mother often asks me to study hard.,5. We call our teacher Mr. Wang.,6. He is doing his homework in the room.,主 + 謂 + 賓,主 + 系 + 表,主 + 謂 + 雙賓,主+ 謂 + 賓 +賓補(bǔ),主+

17、謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ),主 + 謂 + 賓,英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。 掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。,A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her family following the ceasefire, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006. S + V,(,),找出

18、下面句子的主干：,First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem（定理） had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order t

19、o be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. （NMET2003.C篇） 這個(gè)定理，先是由十七世紀(jì)法國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，包括一位法國(guó)女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個(gè)難題方面取得了重大的進(jìn)展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。 句子主干屬于：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)， 夾雜過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)及兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。,Even though there may be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long, the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is.,Josephine Tesauro, left,