1、江蘇省常州市西夏墅中學(xué)高中英語 Unit2 What is happiness to you語法 牛津譯林版選修6The simple past tense一般過去時(shí)The past continuous tense過去進(jìn)行時(shí)The past perfect tense過去完成時(shí)The simple past tense1. 在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1980 等。2. 表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。Eg. 1) When I was a chi

2、ld, I often played football in the street. 當(dāng)我還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，我經(jīng)常在街上踢足球。2) He always went to work by bus.他過去常常坐公交去上班。3. 用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示語氣委婉禮貌。(1) 動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Eg. 1) Did you want anything else? 你還需要什么嗎？ 2) I wondered if you could help me. 我想知道你是否可以幫助我。(2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would，Eg. 1) Could

3、you lend me your bike? 可以把你的自行車借給我嗎？4. 用在條件句中表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)不符的虛擬語氣。Eg. 1) If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. 如果我是一只小鳥，我愿意飛去北京。 2) If he were here now, we could turn to him for help. 如果你剛才在這里，我們可以向他求救。注意下列句型： It is time sb. did sth. “時(shí)間已遲了；早該了”，Eg. It is time you went to bed.你該睡覺了。 would (had) rat

4、her sb. did sth. “寧愿某人做某事”Eg. Id rather you came tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天來。The past continuous tense1. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與at that time , the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening等連用。Eg. 1) What was he doing this time yesterday? 他昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么？ 2) In 2001, she was studying in

5、 a university. 2001年，她在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。1) My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我弟弟在騎車的時(shí)候跌倒受傷了。2) It was raining when they left the station. 當(dāng)他們離開車站的時(shí)候正在下雨。The past perfect tense1. 過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或者某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；句中常用by, before, until, when

6、等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。 1) By the end of last year we had built five new houses. 到去年底，我們一家蓋好了5棟新房子。 2) I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. 在我上大學(xué)前，我已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了5000個(gè)單詞。2）過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可以表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或者持續(xù)下去。Eg. 1) Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. 他連續(xù)工作了12個(gè)小時(shí)才睡覺。 2) He had been i

7、n this college for five years before I came here. 在我來這之前，他已經(jīng)在這個(gè)學(xué)校待了5年。3）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。Eg. She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她曾說她從沒去過巴黎。4）在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。Eg. When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 當(dāng)警察到的時(shí)候，小偷已經(jīng)跑掉了。5）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如h

8、ope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本，未能”Eg. We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 我們曾希望你可以來，但是你沒有。6）過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。Eg. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 當(dāng)愛迪生12歲的時(shí)候，他開始靠自己生活。Practice

9、 1一、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Ihaveseenthefilm“Titanic” already. When_you_it？ (see)Thedaybeforeyesterday. 2. He told me that MrBlack_inBeijing sincefive years ago.( live)3.We_treeslastSunday. Sofarwe_over3，000treesthere. (plant)4. Did you see a man in black pass by just now? No, sir. I _ a newspaper. (read)5. D

10、id Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? Yes, he did. He _ his old friends for a long time. (not see)6. I _ there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist. (be)7. Is there any thing wrong, Bob? You look sad. Oh, nothing much. In fact I _ my friends back home. (think of )二

11、、句子翻譯。1. 我上周去看爺爺和奶奶了。2. 你告訴我之前，我已經(jīng)看過這部電影。3. 媽媽昨晚沒看電視，她去阿姨家了4. 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候,我們班的同學(xué)在操場上踢足球.Future tensesThe simple future tense一般將來時(shí)The future continuous tense將來進(jìn)行時(shí)The future in the past過去將來時(shí)The future perfect tense將來完成時(shí)The simple future tense1. shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。Eg. 1) Wh

12、ich paragraph shall I read first？ 我應(yīng)該先讀哪一段？ 2) Will you be at home at seven this evening? 你今晚七點(diǎn)會(huì)在家嗎？2. be going to +不定式，表示將來。 a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事或打算做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?你明天打算干什么？ b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be finished next month.話劇將在下個(gè)月完成。 c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds, ther

13、e is going to be a storm.看烏云，將會(huì)有一場暴風(fēng)雨。3. be +不定式表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我們要在下周六討論這個(gè)報(bào)告。4. be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他將出發(fā)去北京。注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。be going to / will的用法之比較： 用于條件句時(shí)，be going to表將來，wil

14、l表意愿。例：1) If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你打算旅行，你最好盡快做準(zhǔn)備。2) Now if you take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.如果你現(xiàn)在脫掉衣服，我們將在鏡子前為你穿上新衣服。be to和be going to 的用法之比較：be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 則表示主觀的打算

15、或計(jì)劃。Eg. I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排) Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排) The future continuous tense1. 表示在將來某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如： Eg. 1) This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou. 明天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我將飛去廣州。 2) What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning? 明天早上八點(diǎn)你會(huì)干

16、什么？ 3) Well be watching television all evening. 我們今晚將一直看電視。2. 表示將來被客觀情況所決定的動(dòng)作或者按照安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 Eg. 1) Well be having tea after dinner as usual. 我們將照常在飯后喝茶。 2) The leaves will be falling soon. 葉子將要落下。 3) We shall be having a meeting tomorrow morning. 我們明早將要開會(huì)。 4) Ill be taking my holidays soon. 我很快將休假。3

17、. 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語: soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。1) By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach.到明天的這個(gè)時(shí)候，我將會(huì)躺在沙灘上。注意：將來進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于表示意志，不能說 Ill be having a talk with her.The future in the past基本形式： wouldshould動(dòng)詞原形（其中 would 用于各種人稱， should 常用

18、于第一人稱）。1) They were sure they would win the final victory. 他們確信他們將獲得最終的勝利。2) He didnt expect that we should（would）all be there. 他沒想到我們都要去那里。過去將來時(shí)的一些其它表達(dá)形式： 1. wasweregoing to動(dòng)詞原形 He said he was going to try. 他說他將嘗試。2. waswereto動(dòng)詞原形 They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day. 他們曾說火車

19、將在五一節(jié)向公眾開放。3. waswere about to動(dòng)詞原形 We were about to go out when it began to rain. 我們剛要出發(fā)就下雨了。4. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（一般多為動(dòng)作概念較強(qiáng)的動(dòng)詞，如 go，come， leave，start， open，begin 等）也可用于表示將來。 I didnt know when they were coming again. 我不知道他們什么時(shí)候會(huì)再來。用法注意點(diǎn)： 1. 在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，常用一般過去時(shí)來表示過去將來時(shí)。 He said he would come to see you when he h

20、ad time. 他們說如果他有時(shí)間將來看你。2. “would動(dòng)詞原形”可表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。不管什么人稱，都可用would。 When he was a child, he would get up early. 當(dāng)他還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他起床很早。 The future perfect tense將來完成時(shí)用來表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。與before+將來時(shí)間或by+將來時(shí)間連用，也可與before或by the time引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句連用。例： 1) By the end of this week, I shall have finished the book. 到本周

21、末，我將看完這本書。2) The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home. 當(dāng)我們到家的時(shí)候，孩子們將已經(jīng)睡覺了。注意：使用這種時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，多會(huì)涉及兩個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，一個(gè)在前，一個(gè)在后；敘述前面的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞要用將來完成時(shí)；敘述后面的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3) We will have completed the work before you come. 在你到之前我們將完成工作。4) We will have played ball when you come. 在你到的時(shí)候我們將已經(jīng)打完球。（或 when

22、you come, we will have played ball.）5) He says that he will have graduated from a university before you return home. 他說在你到家之前，他將從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。Practice 2:1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be2. Charlie _ here next month.A. isnt work

23、ing B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be4. The train _ at 11.A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving5. 他說他將在大門口等我的。6. 我們打算明天去沖浪。7. 明天這個(gè)時(shí)候我們正在上英語課。

24、Exercises：1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart.A. wasnt making B. dont makeC. wont make D. didnt make2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because

25、 the city _ so rapidly all these years.A. is changing B. has changedC. will have changed D. will change3. He _ quite well, but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.A. will swim B. have swum C. swam D. swims4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now.A. hasnt turned up B. do

26、esnt turn upC. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up5. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus.A. catch B. had caughtC. caughtD. catching6. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking7. I really dont

27、think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _.A. is B. does C. will beD. has been8. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _.A. were playingB. were to playC. had played D. played9. Kate is in

28、 hospital. Oh, really? I _. _ visit her.A. didnt know; Ill go and B. dont know; Ill go andC. dont know; Im going toD. didnt know; Im going to10. Where _ the guidebook? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here, but now its gone.A. did you put; have putB. had you put; have putC. have you put; putD. w

29、ere you putting; put11. Do you live in this city? No, we _ it for holidays.A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have visited12. How is the old man now? Sorry, he _ though they did all they could to save him.A. was deadB. had died C. has been dead D. died13. The lake will be further

30、polluted unless some measures _.A. will be taken B. are takenC. were taken D. had been taken 14. Im afraid it will be two months _.A. when I come back B. when Ill come backC. before I come backD. before Ill come back15. The workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office

31、.A. had worked, had left B. were working; had left C. working; had left D. had worked; left16. The notice _ “No smoking”.A. is told B. readsC. tells D. is read17. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 18. Old McDonald gave up smoking

32、for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 19. I _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 20. I _ to take a good holiday this year,

33、but I wasnt able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 21. Helen _ _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come 22. He stepped into the office, _ down and began to fill in the fo

34、rms. A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it23. She said she would telephone but we _from her so far. A. havent heard B. didnt hear C. hadnt heard D. wont hear24. When I got to the cinema, the film_ _for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. was25. Ill go with you as soon as I _

35、my homework. A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. finished26. If it _ tomorrow, I wont go to the cinema. A. will rain B. rains C. is raining D. rained27. She is going to be a nurse when she _ up. A. is going to grow B. grows C. growing D. grew28. “這本書我已經(jīng)買了三個(gè)月了。” which is wrong？ A. I have had

36、this book for three months. B. I have bought this book for three months. C. I bought this book three months ago. D. It is three months since I bought this book.29. Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. Oh, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift. A. never think; are going B. never thou

37、ght; were going C. didnt think; were going D. hadnt thought; were going30. When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except for a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten31. The police found th

38、at the house _ and a lot of things _. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen32. The volleyball match will be put off if it_. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining33. Mary _ a dress when she cut h

39、er finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes34. The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left35. Have you moved into the new house? No yet, the rooms _, A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting