1、高考語法精講與精練,Noun Clauses,名詞性從句,主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句,主語從句在句中做- 賓語從句在句中做- 表語從句在句中做- 同位語從句在句中-,主語,賓語,表語,同位語,1. That he will come is certain.,2. I know that he will come.,3. The truth is that I have been there.,4. The fact that she was late surprised us.,為什么叫名詞性從句？ _,整個從句相當(dāng)于一個名詞,比較:,The man looked around.

2、 That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.,同樣作主語，從句可以表示較復(fù)雜的含義,一般是個動作或性質(zhì),I know him. I know that he is writing his composition in his room,2. 為什么要有名詞性從句？,那人看了看四周. (名詞作主語),那孩子考試又不及格令他母親很失望. (從句作主語),我知道他在房間里寫作文.,從句的特征:,是一個句子,有一個引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)詞做從句的一個成分 (that 除外),名詞能做的成分,從句都能做,從句表達(dá)的意思比名詞復(fù)雜得多

3、,主語從句,that whether who whom whose what which when where why how,從 句 引導(dǎo)詞:,1. That he knows Japanese is known to all.,他懂英語,這一點大家都知道,令我驚訝的是在這兒見到他.,3. When he will come is unknown .,4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.,他來不來沒什么要緊的,他什么時候來不清楚.,他們是怎么登上山頂?shù)娜允莻€秘密.,5. It remains a secret how they climbed

4、 up the mountain.,主語從句的位置 1.在句首 2.主語較長時通常放在后面,句首主語用 It,主語太長了!放到句尾,That無詞義,不可省略,What “什么”, “所.的”,2. What surprised me was to see him here .,When “什么時候”,主語從句不用 if,位于句首,It 作主語的常用句型有:,1. It + be +形容詞 + that 從句,2. It + be +名稱詞組(duty/pity.) + that 從句,3. It + be + 過去分詞(said/thought.) + that 從句,4. It +不及物動詞

5、(seem/happen.) + that 從句,It is a pity that we cant go swimming.,It is said that he told her everything.,It happened that I was out that day.,It is certain that he will do well in the exam.,真可惜我們不能去游泳. 碰巧那天我外出了. 他考試肯定會考好. 據(jù)說他已告訴了她一切.,注意: It looked that he was right. ( ) 可以說: It looks as if.,用形式主語 it

6、的主語從句常見結(jié)構(gòu),It is clear (necessary, important, possible,remarkable that 很清楚（必要, 重要,可能, 值得注意等),It is a fact (a good thing, good news) that 事實是 ( 好事是,好消息是),It is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated,said, believed) that眾所周知( 據(jù)報道,據(jù)記載,據(jù)說,據(jù)估計),It turns out ( seems, happens, appears) that 結(jié)果是 ( 似乎是, 碰

7、巧是, 好象是),It has been found (has been proved,can be seen,must be pointed out) that 已發(fā)現(xiàn)( 已證明,可以看出,需指出),用 it 句型翻譯:,據(jù)說今年高一學(xué)生要學(xué)新教材. 事實是他們靠自己完成了所有的任務(wù). 碰巧他們已經(jīng)參加過軍訓(xùn)了. 眾所周知, 比爾 蓋茨是世界上最富有的人. 我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣這很重要.,It is said that the Senior Grade one students will learn a new text this year.,It is a fact that they

8、 finished all the work by themselves.,It happened that they had had their military training.,It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world.,It is important that we (should) form a good habit of studying.,Note: It is important/necessary/natural/our duty/essential/strange that sb

9、 (should) do sth. 固定句型, should可以省略,翻譯: 真奇怪他今天竟然遲到了.,It is strange that he should be late today.,strange不省略should為好,表語從句,從 句 同主語從句 (11個), 外加as if / 引導(dǎo)詞: as though,1. The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.,2. The question is whether we can finish the experiment by Friday.,3. It looks

10、as if it were going to rain.,實際情況是他從未去過農(nóng)村. that 一般不省略,問題在于我們能否在明天下午之前完成這項實驗. 表語從句不用 if,4. This school is no longer what it was before.,這所學(xué)校已不再是從前的那個樣子了. what =the thing that,系動詞后面,注意下列表語從句中where, how, why 的譯法,This is where Lu Xun once lived. That was how they won the match. This is why she got up so

11、 early this morning.,這就是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的地方.,他們就是這樣贏得這場比賽的.,這就是她為什么今天早上起得這么早的原因.,我們就是這樣克服困難的. 那就是他昨天缺席的原因. 這就是我們上星期碰頭的地方.,This is / That was how we overcame the difficulties.,That is why he was absent yesterday.,This is where we met last Sunday.,固定句型: This is where This is why This is how.,這就是的地方,這就是的原因,這就是的方

12、法,賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略： （1）當(dāng)that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個that不能??； （2）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。 （3）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.,賓語從句,whether與if的辨用,表“是否”時，在下列情況下用whether。 a. 主語從句b. 表語從句c. 同位語從句e. 介詞后的賓語從句f

13、.后接動詞不定式 (whether to do sth.) g .whether or not 連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時不用if,Practice time,1. I asked her _ she had a bike.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.8. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,I doubt if /

14、 whether he will pass the exam. I dont doubt that we will win the match. Do you doubt that he did it on his own?,doubt問題,肯定句中用 if / whether,否定句中用 that,疑定句中用 that,I doubt _ he is telling the truth. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out . Does he doubt _ you are from Austria? Im doubtful _ he

15、will agree to this.,if / whether,that,that,if / whether,賓語從句經(jīng)常做介詞的賓語,The Swede stood still, except _ his lips moved slightly. She is not satisfied with _ she has achieved. Mary always thinks of _ she can do more for the class. He wrote a letter of thanks to _ helped him. (任一個),5. It depends on if we

16、 have enough time.,whether we have enough time.,介詞后面不用 if,that,what,how,whoever,6. Are you sorry for which you have done?,what you have done?,介詞后面不用 which,賓語從句經(jīng)常作表語形容詞的賓語,Im afraid (that ) Ill be late. We were surprised that he lost the game.,我恐怕要遲到了. that 可以省略,我們對他在比賽中的失敗感到驚異.,此類表語形容詞有: afraid plea

17、sed happy satisfied anxious sure surprised certain glad aware用它們造句,that 從句只跟在 except,but, in ,besides, 后面,We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible . (改用形式賓語 it ) 2. We have made that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life clear. (改用形式賓語 it ),我認(rèn)為學(xué)

18、好英語是必要的.,I consider that we should learn English well necessary.,We consider her suitable for the job.,consider find think feel make 等動詞常帶賓語補足語,這時要用形式賓語 it ,賓語從句放到賓補之后,We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language.,We have made it clear that a foreign language is usefu

19、l weapon in the struggle of life.,More,correction,The emperor was pleased by which the minister told him about it. Are you sorry for that you have annoyed him? I find that this should be kept secret for the time being necessary. Can you doubt if she will succeed? I worried about if my brother will r

20、eturn in time. She said that she has never told a lie. Will you tell me when he leaves for Paris? Our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us. It looked that he was well prepared for the unexpected challenge. That he said moved everyone present.,what,it necessary that this should b

21、e kept secret for the time being,that she will succeed ?,whether my brother will return in time.,had,will leave for Paris?,That our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us,What,It seemed,which不做介詞賓語,that不做介詞賓語,從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞,that不做句子成分,沒有It look that表達(dá)式,同位語從句,被修飾詞有: fact, news, hope, opin

22、ion, order, question, problem, belief, truth, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, promise, rumor, fear, thought, suggestion, plan, idea,同位語從句說明它們的內(nèi)容,常見引導(dǎo)詞: that , whether ( if ), how, wh- 疑問詞,The fact that deeds are better than words is quite clear. The question how I did it is hard to answer.

23、They had no idea where they should go to find some food. The question whether he comes or not is not important. ( if ) A thought came to me that he might be in the library.,事實勝于雄辨這一道理非常清楚.,我怎么做的這一問題難回答.,他們根本不知去哪兒找食物,他是否來這個問題不重要.,我突然想到他可能在圖書館. 被別的詞隔開,that 無詞義,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are

24、on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.,_,The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,We heard the news last night that the Queen of Eng

25、land was on a three-day visit in China.,4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.,5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British pa

26、rents hold the view.,_,Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.,_,There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,_,_,The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids

27、in school.,一、同位語從句與定語 從句的相似之處,1、兩種從句都可以譯成定語,The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位語從句） 我們隊取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。 The news that you told us is really encouraging. （定語從句）你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。,2、兩種從句都可以用that引導(dǎo),The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth consider

28、ing. （同位語從句） 學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實用的東西的建議值得考慮。 The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. （定語從句）值得考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實用的東西。,二、同位語從句與定語從句的不同之處,1、從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進一步 說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、 限定前面的名詞。,The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （從句說明“消息”的內(nèi)容：

29、我們隊取得了決賽勝利。） The news that you told us is really encouraging. （從句對“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）,2、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時是一個純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。,Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充當(dāng)任何成分） Dad made a prom

30、ise that excited all his children. （that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語。）,II. Choose the best answer,1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when 2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what 3.I have no idea _he will come back. A.

31、 where B. when C. what D. that,II. Choose the best answer,4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that 6.Word has come _ some American

32、guests will come for a visit to our college next week. A. what B. whether c. that D. which,典型錯誤及歸納,找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was.,Can you tell me how many stu

33、dents there are in your class?,I dont know where he has gone.,The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.,規(guī)律一：名詞從句中須使用陳述語序！,找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律： 4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema. 5. My idea is that we must do our homework first. 6. His proposal that we went there on foot is ac

34、ceptable.,We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.,My idea is that we (should) do our homework first.,His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.,規(guī)律二：注意虛擬語氣的使用！,問題：此類虛擬語氣有哪些關(guān)鍵詞？,找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律： 7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet. 8. It depends on if the weather is suit

35、able for us to do it. 9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting. 10. He asked me if I could go with him or not.,Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,It depends on whether the weather is .,The question is whether he himself will be present .,He asked me whether

36、 I could go with him or not.,規(guī)律三：4種情況只能用whether ： （1）位于句子開頭； （2）前面有介詞； （3）引導(dǎo)表語從句； （4）與or not連用。,找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律： I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books. 2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting. 3. Everybody considers it impossible which

37、he wants to finish the job in such a short time. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.,it,it,that,whether,規(guī)律四：主語從句和賓語從句在適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r 下可以借助 “it” 而后置。,問題：想想看是什么“適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r”？,名詞性從句試題集錦 1.I ask her _ come with me. A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. A. What B.

38、 That C. Which D. Whether 3.Can you tell me _? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt know which room _. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 5.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. A. o

39、nly what B. all what C. all that D. only that 6.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that,7.Can you tell me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. h

40、ow is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is 9._ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 10.They have no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 11.They want to know _ do to help us. A. what

41、 can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 12.These photographs will show you _. A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,13.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had

42、 Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 14.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like D. what look man like 15._ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D.