1、名詞1、 名詞的分類(lèi)專(zhuān)有名詞 單數(shù)名詞表泛指，在前面加a/an. 可數(shù)名詞：有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分 普通名詞 復(fù)數(shù)形式通常加 -s/-es 不可數(shù)名詞：沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式 物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、專(zhuān)有名詞 用some/any/a little/a lot of 修飾2、 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化形式1) 規(guī)則變化條件變化例詞注意一般情況下在詞尾加-sbook bookscat cats-s , -x，-ch , -sh結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-esglass glassesbox boxeswatch watchesbrush brushesch 結(jié)尾的名詞，在單詞中發(fā)音為k時(shí)，其復(fù)數(shù)加-s.stomach stomac

2、hs部分以-f -fe結(jié)尾的名詞-f / - fe改為 v再加-es self selvesthief thievesknife kniveslife liveswolf wolves特殊情況：roof roofsscarf scarfsbelief beliefs 輔音字母+ -y結(jié)尾的名詞-y改為 i 再加 es baby babiesstory storiescountry countriesparty parties元音字母+ -y結(jié)尾的名詞在-y 后面直接加-sboy boysday days 部分以輔音字母+ -o結(jié)尾的名詞詞尾加 -espotato potatoestomato

3、tomatoeshero heroes特殊情況：radio radiospiano pianoszoo zoosphoto photos2) 不規(guī)則變化變化例子注意元音字母發(fā)生變化-a改為-eman menwoman womenpoliceman policemenGerman Germanshuman humans-oo改為-eefoot feettooth teethgoose geese單復(fù)同形sheep sheepdeer deerfish fishchicken chickenchicken 雞肉、fish 魚(yú)肉，是不可數(shù)名詞.強(qiáng)調(diào)“種類(lèi)”= fishes“小雞”= chickens

4、有些名詞常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)trousers, socks, gloves, glasses, shoes要表達(dá)他們的量，常借助 pair.A pair of trousersTwo pairs of gloves表示”某國(guó)人”單復(fù)同形a Chinese two Chinese a Japanese two Japanese 詞尾加-sa German two Germansan Americantwo Americansmanmenan Englishman two Englishmenan Frenchmantwo Frenchmen其他形式child childrenox oxenmouse

5、 mice注意： 有些名詞以-s結(jié)尾，但表達(dá)單數(shù)意義?？茖W(xué)名詞：physics, mathematics/maths 游戲名稱(chēng)：bowls專(zhuān)有名詞：the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名詞：news, falls 名詞做定語(yǔ)，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式.e.g. a shoe shop, an apple tree *例外：man, woman作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，則man, woman也要變。e.g. a woman teacher three women teachers a man doctor many men doctors people, police

6、做“人們”講時(shí)，看作復(fù)數(shù)，不能在后面加”-s”， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。family, class是集體名詞，既指單數(shù)，又指復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)亦可用復(fù)數(shù)，具體根據(jù)語(yǔ)境而定。 不可數(shù)名詞：一般指物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞和專(zhuān)有名詞，通常沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)， 其前不用冠詞a/an或數(shù)詞，但可用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any的等修飾。Exercises:Lookattheclouds,sobeautiful!Wow,somanydifferent_,horses,sheep,flowersA.sizesB.shapesC.colorsD.stylesThere

7、aresome_inDaytonArtMuseum.Forexample,nofoodordrinkisallowedinside. A.jobsB.recordsC.rulesD. paintingsYesterday,myfatherboughtmeanewmobilephonesasapresent,butIdontknowhowtouseit.Whynotreadthe_firstbeforeusingit?A.expressionsB.applicationsC.advertisementsD.instructionsThese _ have saved many childrens

8、 lives.A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor-What would you like to drink, _or orange? -Orange, please.A. hamburger B. chip C. tea3、 不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)1) 可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)：a lot of , lots of, some, a little, little2) 數(shù)詞+ 量詞 + of + 不可數(shù)名詞e.g. a glass of water two glasses of water a cup o

9、f tea three cups of tea3) 常用的不可數(shù)名詞 food, meat, fish, chicken, pork, beef, mutton, orange, milk, tea, coke, water, rice, bread, homework, news, paper, ice, rain, snow, wind, cloud, air, weather, maths, Chinese, English, music, information, fun, work 等.4) 有些不可數(shù)名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，意思有變化.單數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)形式work工作wo

10、rks著作water水waters水域time時(shí)間times時(shí)代good好處goods商品、貨物light光lights電燈sand沙子sands沙灘wood木頭woods樹(shù)林cloth布cloths衣服glass玻璃glasses眼鏡snow雪snows積雪manner舉止manners禮貌5) 有些名詞，既可以作可數(shù)名詞，又能做不可數(shù)名詞，但含義不同英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞beauty美人美麗life生命，生活性命，人名orange橘子橘汁，橘黃色paper報(bào)紙，論文，試卷紙Exercises:Mum, Ive heard that we cant eat _ those days. Is

11、it true? Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat. A. chicken B. chickens C. a chicken D. the chickenThe students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _ there. A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabbitIm so hungry. Please give me _ to eat.A. three bread B. three pieces of bread C. three pieces of

12、breads D. three piece of breadIwantasweetmilk.Putsome_inmycup,please.A.ice B.soup C.salt D.sugar Whatagood_youvegivenme!Thanksalot.Mypleasure.A.information B.news C.suggestion D.advice4、 名詞的所有格分類(lèi)構(gòu)成方法例子表示有生命的名詞所有格在單數(shù)后面加-sThe teachers officeLilys photo以加-s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加“”The teachers officeBoys games不以-s 結(jié)尾的

13、復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加“-s”The childrens palace.用and 連接兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示共有時(shí)，在后一個(gè)詞尾加-s；如果不是，則需要分別加在兩個(gè)名詞后面。Lily and Lucys house is big.Lilys and Lucys house are big.表示無(wú)生命的名詞所有格一般用 “of + 名詞”The doors of our class.The color of the cover.The capital of China. l 注意：店鋪、醫(yī)院名稱(chēng)加s,e.g. atthedoctorssomeone, everybody, noone和else,在else

14、后加s,e.g. somebodyelsespencil雙重所有格：當(dāng)表示所有格的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞時(shí)，常用“名詞ofs”形式，這種結(jié)構(gòu)被稱(chēng)為雙重所有格，一般表示“所有關(guān)系”。anovelofLuXuns魯迅所有小說(shuō)中的一本thelargehouseofToms湯姆的那棟大房子thatbagofMarys瑪麗的那個(gè)包afewfriendsofMrWangs王先生的幾個(gè)朋友l 注意區(qū)別apictureofmybrothers我弟弟所有照片中的一張apictureofmybrother一張我弟弟的照片Exercises: Tomorrow Im going to my _. I

15、ts a _. A. aunt ; five minutes walk B. aunts ; five minutes walk C. aunt ; five minutes walk D. aunts ; five minutes walkThis is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and JanesNear our school there are two _.A. shoes shops B. shoe

16、s shop C. shoe shops5、常考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 名詞同義辨析法清楚不同的名詞所表達(dá)的具體含義，并且能辨析它們之間的一些差異.home,family,house家 problem(主觀的疑慮，疑問(wèn)),question(指客觀存在和遇到的問(wèn)題),trouble(“麻煩，問(wèn)題”，指客觀的并棘手的)問(wèn)題clothing(不可數(shù)名詞)，clothes(沒(méi)有單數(shù)形式的復(fù)數(shù)名詞)，dress(用作可數(shù)名詞不指男人穿的)衣服 job（強(qiáng)調(diào)工作的性質(zhì)或工種，為可數(shù)名詞）,work（不可數(shù)名詞，含義更廣）工作sound（范圍廣，大自然的都可以用它），voice（指人的，說(shuō)話(huà)、唱歌），noise（嘈雜聲）聲

17、音people(指集體，復(fù)數(shù))，person(指?jìng)€(gè)體，為單數(shù))，human(人類(lèi))人 常見(jiàn)名詞短語(yǔ) 名詞的固定搭配是中考英語(yǔ)試題中考查的一個(gè)重要方面，所以牢固地掌握一些固定的短語(yǔ)或搭配，對(duì)于解答試題是很重要的。如：toothbrush牙刷 lunchroom午餐室 shoestore鞋店 schoolgate校門(mén)口summercamp夏令營(yíng) nightschool夜校 streetlight路燈 countrymusic鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)flowerbed花壇 papertiger紙老虎 mathsteacher數(shù)學(xué)教師boyfriend男朋友clothesshop服裝店 sportsmeet運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) g

18、oodstrain貨車(chē) artsfestival藝術(shù)節(jié)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化某些名詞后加y變形容詞，表示“充滿(mǎn)的”，cloud-cloudy,sun-sunny某些名詞后加ful變形容詞，表示“性質(zhì)的”，use-useful,care-careful部分表示人的名詞后加ly變形容詞，具有贊美意味。Friend-friendly,lovely某些名詞后加less表示沒(méi)有，careless,useless對(duì)應(yīng)練習(xí)：1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. the Henrys ho

19、me D. Henrys2 In England, if _is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. foodB. lunchC. breakfastD. dinner3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _

20、? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear6There is some _ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears7In England, the last name is the _.A. f

21、amily name B. middle C. given name D. full name8They are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths11Whats your _ for bein

22、g late again? A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly. - But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and child C. woman and child D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Than

23、ks. A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day代詞1、代詞的分類(lèi) 數(shù)分類(lèi)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)代詞(代替人或物)主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代詞(表示所有關(guān)系)形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishe

24、rsitsoursyourstheirs反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself ourselves, yourselves, themselves 指示代詞This, thatThese, those不定代詞(籠統(tǒng)的表示人或物)some, any, all, every, each, both, another, one, none, any, much, few, little, something, anything, everything, nothing, somebody, everybody, nobody, someone,

25、anyone疑問(wèn)代詞who(whom), whose, what, which關(guān)系代詞who(whom), whose, that, which相互代詞each, other, one another2、 代詞it 的用法1) 指代前面提到過(guò)的事物This is my book. It is Jims.2) 代替指示代詞 this 或 thate.g. Whats this? Its a pen3) 表示時(shí)間、天氣或季節(jié)e.g. Whats the time now? Its ten oclock.4) 表示距離 How far is it from your school to your h

26、ome?5) it 的常用句型 its + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth. It was really kind of you to help me . (表示人的性格、品質(zhì)clever, kind等的形容詞，用of sb.)It is important for us to work hard. (修飾事物easy, important的形容詞，用 for sb.) Its time to do/for/that 到該做的時(shí)間了Its time to get up. 該起床了Its time for lunch. 吃午飯了 It seems that 看起來(lái)好像 It

27、s ones turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 Its + adj. + that從句 Its necessary that you should present at the meeting.3. 反身代詞 反身代詞的用法 e.g. This boy is too young to take care of himself. The children made model planes themselves. 反身代詞的常用詞組_/_ 自學(xué) _ 過(guò)得愉快_ 自用、自?。ㄊ挛?，飲料等），請(qǐng)自便 _ 蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)_ 受傷 _ 獨(dú)自，單獨(dú)對(duì)應(yīng)訓(xùn)練：The iPad is isnt _.

28、Its belongs to _. A. he ; me B. hers ; mine C. his ; me D. her ; mine The man called his professor for help because he couldnt solve the problem _. A. herself B. himself C. yourself D. themselvesThe dictionary is not _. Maybe its Toms. He is looking for_. A. my ; him B. mine ; his C. us ; ours D. ou

29、r ; our -Why dont you go to the lecture-room and listen to the talk? -I hear there isnt in it. A. something new B. new anything C. anything newD. nothing newWhos that speaking? _.A. This is Jack speaking B. I am Jack C. Jack is me D. I am JackMiss Liu asked Tom to read the new words and students to

30、listen to him. A. other B. the othersC. othersD. the other4、 易混點(diǎn)梳理1) a few, few, a little, little表肯定(一點(diǎn)兒，幾個(gè))表否定(幾乎沒(méi)有)后加名詞a littlelittle不可數(shù)名詞A fewfew可數(shù)名詞 2) either、neither、 both、 all 、none 、any詞用法例子either兩者中的每個(gè)、各方There are trees on either side of the street.neither兩者都不Neither of the books is good.bot

31、h兩者都，bothandBoth she and I are student.none三者或三者以上都不I know none of them.all三者或三者以上都All of us should go there.any三者或三者以上中的任何一個(gè)Which do you like best, tea, coffee or water? Any. 3) other、the other、another、others、the other 用法代詞形容詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)不定Another另一個(gè)Others別的/其他的人或物Another (boy)另一個(gè)(男孩)Others (boys)其他男孩們

32、特定The other另一個(gè)The others其余那些人或物The other(boy)另一個(gè)男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩4) each、every 詞用法例句each表”每個(gè)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事。There are trees on each side of the road.Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.every表”每一個(gè)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事。Every student passed the exam.5) none, nothing, no o

33、ne詞用法例句none指人指物There are five people over there. I know none of them.nothing指事物She knew nothing about it.no one指人Did anyone come to see you? No one.6) it, one 與that作代詞時(shí)的區(qū)別詞用法例句it指代上文提到的同一事物The book is mine. Its very interesting.one泛指上文提到的同類(lèi)事物中的一個(gè)，同類(lèi)而不同物。Who has a pen? I have one.that常用于比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替前面提到

34、的名詞，以免重復(fù)The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.7) no 與not的區(qū)別no 只作定語(yǔ)，等于not a 或者not any。e. g. I have no pencil. = I have not a pencil. She has no friends in Jiangmen. = She has not any friends in Jiangmen.在標(biāo)語(yǔ)中，一般用no而不用not。 No smoking / No pets對(duì)應(yīng)訓(xùn)練：1. We have five kinds of sc

35、hoolbags. Do you like this one? Can you show me _? A. another B. each one C. the other D. others2. There is _ milk in the fridge. Please buy some on your way home. All right. A. much B. many C. little D. few3. There are many trees on _ sides of the street. A. both B. all C. each 4. There are six MP3 players in the box. Two are made in Japan and _ are made in china. A. other B. the others C. another D. others5. -Have you finished your work yet?-No, not yet. I think itll take _ ten minutes.A. another B. other C. others D. more5. 解題技巧 代詞指人還是指物 代詞指代可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞