1、應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系列教材,Book ,2,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Language in Use,Enhancement of Language Abilities,Unit 3,Unit Six,Table of Contents,Language Skills Development,3,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Focus1 content,Starter,Text: The one-day war,Working with words and phrases,Discussion,Practice: interpreting,Practice: tran

2、slation,Practice: writing,Surfing the Internet,Highlights,Table of Contents,Part 1 Language Skills Development,4,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1highlights,Highlights S: Suicide: why? L: Suicide and clues R: The one-day war W: Sentence connectors Internet work: Introducing one particular battle in the American Civi

3、l War,Part 1 Language Skills Development,5,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,1. Starter,focus1starter,A. Suicide: why?,6,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,1. Starter,focus1starter,1. Look at the following suicide pictures and discuss in pairs what can be the cause of peoples committing suicide.,There can be various causes for people to commit sui

4、cide, for instance, suffering from an incurable disease like cancer or extreme poverty or depression, being deep in debt, being insulted or too much ashamed of something, being unfortunate in love or having lost ones beloved, religious or political beliefs, esp. cult-like ones, etc. One thing in com

5、mon for suicides is despair.,7,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,1. Starter,focus1starter,2. Try to imagine what can bring two opposing armies to commit suicide.,One army may commit suicide for being defeated and refusing to surrender, but its a crazy thing for two opposing armies to commit suicide at the same time. They m

6、ight be influenced by some mysterious force.,8,B. Listen to a passage and fill in the blanks.,focus1starter,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,1. Starter,9,focus1starter,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,1. Starter,1. Suicide affects people of all ages, especially _. The National Center for Health Statistics ranked suicide as _ of adolescent death

7、, as it claimed the lives of approximately 5,000 American teenagers and young adults in the mid-1990s. Direct verbal threats such as “I am going to kill myself,” or “I am going to swallow a bottle of aspirin” _ and should be taken seriously.,teenagers and young adults,the third leading cause,leave n

8、othing to the imagination,10,Suicide and Clues Suicide is defined as the deliberate killing of oneself. Tragically, suicide is a problem that affects people of all ages, especially teenagers and young adults. In fact, suicide is the most rapidly growing cause of death among youth between the ages of

9、 fifteen and twenty-four. In the mid-1990s, the National Center for Health Statistics ranked suicide as the third leading cause of adolescent death, as it claimed the lives of approximately 5,000 American teenagers and young adults. In addition, the number of recorded deaths by suicide is apparently

10、 an underestimate of reality since a large number of completed suicides go unreported or are labeled as accidents.,focus1starter,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,1. Starter,11,focus1starter,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,1. Starter,Most people who are suicidal put out warning signs to the public as a cry for help. They either directly or indi

11、rectly tell or show others about their suicide plan. Direct verbal threats such as “I am going to kill myself” or “I am going to swallow a bottle of aspirin” leave nothing to the imagination and should be taken seriously because very few people make such statements for fun. Indirect verbal threats s

12、uch as “I hate my life,” “Sometimes I wish I were dead,” or “I just cant go on any longer” are much more subtle and, therefore, may easily be overlooked if one is not aware of these subtle clues.,12,focus1text,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Text Lead-in,Text Organization,13,focus1text,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Text Lead-in,14,focus1tex

13、t,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Text Lead-in,15,focus1text,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Text Lead-in,16,focus1text,2. Text: The One-Day War,1 Good morning, fellow Americans. Welcome to the One-Day War. CNN will be your eyes and ears for today, bringing you live coverage of a momentous day in our history. As part of our bicentennial comme

14、moration of the Civil War, we are proud to participate in Professor Brainards project, the One-Day War.,Translation,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Questions about Para. 1,live: a.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的 e.g. We can enjoy the live coverage of the World Cup on CCTV 1 this year.,coverage: n. U 新聞報(bào)道 e.g. Several television stations gave spot

15、 coverage to the conference. The wedding got much media coverage.,momentous: a. 關(guān)鍵的；重要的；重大的 e.g. It is momentous for China to join the WTO. Note that momentous is different from momentary in that the former means important and historic while the latter means transient and instantaneous.,participate:

16、 vi.參與，參加 e.g. Most countries in the world will participate in Shanghai Expo 2010. Everyone in the class is expected to participate in the discussion.,Meaning: CNNs live news program will enable you to witness today as a day of great significance in the history of our nation.,一日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) 1 同胞們，早上好！歡迎收看“一日戰(zhàn)

17、爭(zhēng)”節(jié)目。今天，CNN將充當(dāng)您的耳目，為您直播我國(guó)歷史上重要的一天。作為美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)200周年慶典的一部分，我們?yōu)槟軈⑴c布雷納德教授的“一日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”項(xiàng)目而感到自豪。,17,1. What is part of CNNs bicentennial commemoration of the Civil War?,focus1text,Professor Brainards project, the One-Day War, is part of CNNs bicentennial commemoration of the Civil War.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. Text: The One-Day

18、 War,18,focus1text,2 Im sure there isnt an American out there who hasnt heard of the project. It has been the most talked-about subject in our country for many months. Now the great day, April 9, 2065, is here, and we are all part of it.,Translation,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2 我相信這個(gè)項(xiàng)目在美國(guó)無(wú)人不知，好幾個(gè)月來(lái)，它一直是全國(guó)談?wù)撟疃嗟脑掝}。206

19、5年4月9日，這個(gè)偉大的日子終于到來(lái)了，而我們?nèi)家獙?duì)其進(jìn)行見(jiàn)證。,2. Text: The One-Day War,19,focus1text,3 The weather is perfect and visibility is excellent. There isnt a cloud overhead; the sky is blue and clear. From our place here on the grandstand, we have a perfect vantage point. While we are waiting, weve arranged an exclus

20、ive interview with Professor Brainard, father of the One-Day War.,Translation,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,3 今天天氣極好，能見(jiàn)度很高，晴空萬(wàn)里無(wú)云，一碧如洗。我們這里的大看臺(tái)是個(gè)絕佳的觀察點(diǎn)。趁戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)還沒(méi)開(kāi)始，我們先對(duì)“一日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”的設(shè)計(jì)者布雷納德教授作一個(gè)獨(dú)家采訪。,Questions about Para. 3,exclusive: 1) （消息，報(bào)道）獨(dú)家的 e.g. The story is exclusive to this newspaper. 2) 獨(dú)有的，獨(dú)享的，專用的 e.g. The club member

21、s have exclusive use of the swimming pool. This company has exclusive rights for the sale of Ford cars in this city.,exclusive interview: 獨(dú)家采訪 e.g. The tabloid had to pay a fortune for its exclusive interview with the writer.,2. Text: The One-Day War,20,2. What is going on while the viewers are wait

22、ing for the broadcast of the One-Day War?,focus1text,An exclusive interview with Professor Brainard, father of the One-Day War, is going on.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. Text: The One-Day War,21,focus1text,4 “Professor, I know how busy you are supervising this enormous undertaking, and we appreciate your giving us

23、an interview. To begin with, could you give us some background information about the project?”,Translation,4 “教授，我們知道您正在負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)施這個(gè)宏偉的項(xiàng)目，非常忙，所以很感謝您能接受我們的采訪。首先，您能否介紹一下這個(gè)項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)生的背景？”,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,undertaking: n. 1) C （重大或艱巨的）任務(wù)，項(xiàng)目，事業(yè)；企業(yè) e.g. The RMB 4 trillion stimulus capital is a great undertaking by Chinese g

24、overnment to counter the economic slowdown. 2) C 承諾，保證，答應(yīng) e.g. The landlord gave a written undertaking that repairs would be carried out before the end of the month. Note that undertaking derives from the verb undertake which means assuming responsibility for a task.,2. Text: The One-Day War,22,focu

25、s1text,5 “I am very pleased to speak with you. At this point, the project is rolling along according to schedule, and I am here to advise on any problems that may arise. You asked for some background information. Well, as you may know, Im considered an expert on the Civil War, and I was asked to pla

26、n a bicentennial commemoration. (To be continued),Translation,5 “很高興接受您的采訪。目前，項(xiàng)目正按計(jì)劃順利實(shí)施，我在這兒負(fù)責(zé)指導(dǎo)他們處理可能出現(xiàn)的任何問(wèn)題。說(shuō)到背景，噢，您也許知道，大家稱我是內(nèi)戰(zhàn)研究專家，所以邀請(qǐng)我參與策劃一個(gè)紀(jì)念內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束200周年的活動(dòng)。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,roll along: 進(jìn)行 e.g. With the plan rolling along, there will be five more chain supermarkets.,arise: vi. 1) 發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn) e.g. We kee

27、p them informed of any changes when they arise. 2) 起床；起立，起身 e.g. He arose at dawn. He arose form his chair when she entered the room.,Meaning: So far, the project is going on as scheduled and I am here to give advice on any problems that may appear.,2. Text: The One-Day War,23,focus1text,One disturb

28、ing aspect of the Civil War, like any other war, was how expensive and inefficient it was. Using our modern-day technology, we are able to reconstruct one battle that is the equivalent of all the battles fought during the entire war!”,Translation,和其他所有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)一樣，內(nèi)戰(zhàn)耗費(fèi)太大、效率太低，這一點(diǎn)很令人困擾。而利用現(xiàn)代科技，我們完全可以構(gòu)建一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役，使

29、其效果相當(dāng)于內(nèi)戰(zhàn)所有戰(zhàn)役的總和！”,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Question about Para. 5,Meaning: With the help of advanced technology today, we can organize and launch one battle the same scale as all the battles of the Civil War combined.,inefficient: a. 效率低的；能力差的；浪費(fèi)的 e.g. The grave problems of public hygiene are connected with the in

30、efficient sewage system of the city. an inefficient worker,reconstruct: vt. 1) 再現(xiàn)，重現(xiàn) e.g. Police were reconstructing the movements of the murdered couple. 2) 修復(fù)；重建，重造 e.g. We reconstructed what the dinosaur looked like from a few of its bones.,equivalent: n. C 相等的東西；等量；對(duì)應(yīng)詞 e.g. Breathing such pollut

31、ed air is the equivalent of smoking ten cigarettes a day. a.（價(jià)值、數(shù)量、意義、重要性等) 相等的，相同的 e.g. 8 kilometers is roughly equivalent to 5 miles.,2. Text: The One-Day War,24,3. What was one of the disturbing aspects of the Civil War?,focus1text,That it was expensive and inefficient.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. Text: The One

32、-Day War,25,focus1text,6 “The major expenses in any war involve the movement of troops and machinery, medical equipment and personnel, and burial expenses. Doing all this during wartime is difficult, expensive, and inefficient. Given our cultural and scientific development during these past two hund

33、red years, there was no reason why we couldnt produce the same effect at a fraction of the cost. (To be continued),Translation,6 “戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的開(kāi)支主要包括軍隊(duì)和機(jī)械的轉(zhuǎn)移、醫(yī)療器材和人員及掩埋尸體的費(fèi)用。在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間要做到這一切非常困難，而且花費(fèi)高昂、效率低下。有了這200年的文化和科學(xué)的發(fā)展，我們完全能以一小部分的代價(jià)制造出同樣效果的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Meaning: Considering the great scientific progress made

34、in human society in the past 200 years, we should have no problem launching a war with the same effect with the cost greatly reduced.,Note that given is used as a preposition (rather than as the past participle of give), meaning considering, in view of, in light of, taking into consideration. e.g. G

35、iven her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her. “Id come and see you in New York, given the chance.”,2. Text: The One-Day War,26,focus1text,The most brilliant part of the plan is the most obviouswhy not bury the soldiers right on the battlefield and eliminate a lot of cost and t

36、rouble? The battlefield becomes the cemetery! Once we settled on this idea, the other details fell into place.”,Translation,而本計(jì)劃最巧妙的地方也最顯而易見(jiàn)我們?yōu)槭裁床话褷奚氖勘苯勇裨趹?zhàn)場(chǎng)上，這樣不是可以省去很多費(fèi)用和麻煩嗎？把戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)變成墓地！一旦決定采用這個(gè)主意，其他細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題也就迎刃而解了?！?上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Question about Para. 6,Meaning: As soon as we decided on this idea, the detail

37、s for carrying it out become clear.,settle on: 同意，決定，選定；停歇在，棲于 e.g. We must settle on a place to meet. They finally settled on the blue curtains.,fall into place: 變得一目了然；有條不紊 e.g. At first I did not see your point, but after I read your report, everything fell into place. Youll soon be surprised to

38、see how quickly things begin to fall into place.,2. Text: The One-Day War,27,4. What is the most brilliant part of the plan according to Professor Brainard?,focus1text,It is turning the battlefield into the cemetery right on the spot so as to eliminate a lot of cost and trouble.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. Text: T

39、he One-Day War,28,7 “然后，一系列安排便以流水作業(yè)的形式一步步完成：用計(jì)算機(jī)選出士兵，雇傭挖掘人員、石匠、園丁和花匠。其中，除了給每個(gè)士兵配備一把左輪手槍，不再需要其他任何戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)機(jī)械，這樣就省下了大量的費(fèi)用。此外，當(dāng)然也不需要醫(yī)療隊(duì)和后勤供給。并且士兵的家人已事先得到消息，以便安排善后事宜?！?focus1text,7 “An assembly line procedure was adopted. The computer chose the soldiers and we hired digging crews, masons, gardeners, and floris

40、ts. We saved a tremendous amount of money by not needing any war machinery except for one revolver per soldier. Naturally, there was no need for medical teams and supplies. The families of the soldiers knew well in advance, so they could plan accordingly and put their personal affairs in order. ”,Tr

41、anslation,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Meaning: A systematic and orderly course of actions was started.,assembly: n. 1) U 裝配，組裝 e.g. Putting the bookcase together should be a simple assembly job. 2) C 立法機(jī)構(gòu)；會(huì)議 e.g. The principal made use of the opportunity to speak to the assembly.,adopt: vt. 1) 采用（某方法）；采?。硲B(tài)度） e.g. Th

42、ey adopted our methods. 2) 正式通過(guò)，表決采納（建議、政策等） e.g. The resolution was adopted by a vote of 180 in favor to 10 against it. 3) 收養(yǎng)；領(lǐng)養(yǎng) e.g. As they had no children of their own, they adopted an orphan.,tremendous: a. 1) 巨大的，極大的 e.g. The tremendous growth of U.S. agriculture is the envy of the world. 2) 極

43、好的，精彩的，了不起的 e.g. He had a tremendous night at the theater last night.,Meaning: As war machinery was no longer needed except for one revolver for each soldier, we significantly reduced the expenses.,in advance: 提前，預(yù)先 e.g. You must pay for the book in advance. cf. in advance of 在的前面；優(yōu)于，勝過(guò) e.g. He walk

44、ed in advance of his wife.,accordingly: ad. 照著，相應(yīng)地 e.g. Just tell us the color and design you have in mind. Well change them accordingly.,put sth. in order: 安排好；把按順序排好，有秩序地放好 e.g. I tried to put in order a life that had been uprooted by many years of war. Put these words in alphabetical order.,2. Te

45、xt: The One-Day War,29,8 “制定計(jì)劃的過(guò)程中有沒(méi)有遇到什么困難？” 9 “開(kāi)始時(shí)確實(shí)有一些。首先是國(guó)會(huì)的一些議員認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃不人道。我就解釋說(shuō)，這個(gè)計(jì)劃和發(fā)動(dòng)一場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)達(dá)4年的昂貴戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最終結(jié)果是一樣的，而且還不會(huì)給民眾帶來(lái)麻煩。,focus1text,8 “Did you encounter any difficulties with the plan?” 9 “A little, at first. Some members of the Congress thought the plan was inhumane. I explained to them that

46、the net result was the same as waging the war for four years at a greater expense and inconvenience to the general population. (To be continued),Translation,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,inhumane: a.不人道的，殘忍的；（對(duì)他人的疾苦）無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的 e.g. The inhumane treatment of animals enraged the general public. Antonym: humane,2. Text: The On

47、e-Day War,30,另外，也不會(huì)有任何老百姓卷入沒(méi)有襲擊，沒(méi)有房子被燒毀，士兵不會(huì)搶殺平民。最后，在我的說(shuō)服下，他們一致認(rèn)同，我的計(jì)劃比內(nèi)戰(zhàn)更安全，更有效，也更人道?！?focus1text,Moreover, there would be no involvement with civilians whatsoeverno attacks, no burning of houses, no families killed by marauding soldiers. They agreed unanimously that my plan was safer, more efficie

48、nt, and more humane than the Civil War.”,Translation,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Questions about Para. 9,involvement: n. 1) U 參加；加入；插手 e.g. The government is trying to play down their involvement in the affair. 2) U, C 耗費(fèi)時(shí)間，投入；沉迷 e.g. Passion and involvement are vital ingredients in all human endeavors.,unanimously:

49、ad. 全體一致地；無(wú)異議地 e.g. The Peoples Congress unanimously adopted the budget.,2. Text: The One-Day War,31,focus1text,5. Why did some members of the Congress protest against Professor Brainards plan at first?,Because they thought the plan was “inhumane”.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,6. What did Professor Brainard mean by sa

50、ying “the net result” of his project was the same as the Civil War itself?,Professor Brainard meant that his project cost as many soldiers lives as the Civil War itself.,2. Text: The One-Day War,32,10 “來(lái)自華盛頓西部聯(lián)盟電報(bào)公司的反對(duì)倒是很強(qiáng)烈，因?yàn)槿绻麄儾荒芙o犧牲士兵的家人發(fā)電報(bào)，便會(huì)減少收入。于是我們?cè)O(shè)法和他們達(dá)成協(xié)議，讓他們公司生產(chǎn)小幅美國(guó)國(guó)旗，發(fā)給每個(gè)士兵的家人?！?focus1tex

51、t,10 “We did encounter a strong objection from the Western Union lobby in Washington. They would be losing revenue from the telegrams usually sent to the families of the soldiers. We worked out an agreement allowing the company to manufacture the small American flags that will be given to each famil

52、y.”,Translation,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. Text: The One-Day War,33,focus1text,11 “And now, Professor Brainard, after months of planning, your project is about to become a reality. Thank you, Professor. I know I speak for the entire nation when I salute you as a remarkable man and a true patriot.”,Translation,11

53、“布雷納德教授，經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)月的籌劃，您的項(xiàng)目馬上要付諸實(shí)施了。謝謝您，教授。我代表全國(guó)人民向您一位杰出人士、真正的愛(ài)國(guó)者致敬！”,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,speak for: 代表講話 e.g. John will speak for out group. Do not speak for your friend, speak for yourself.,2. Text: The One-Day War,34,focus1text,12 Its 8:30, and we are almost ready for the project to get under way. Before us on t

54、his immense battlefield, stretched out for miles, are the two opposing armies. The soldiers stand at attention in neat rowsan army of blue facing an army of gray. They stand very still like marble statues. On our left, we can see the digging machines and their crews waiting silently. Behind them are

55、 the masons and gardeners. On our right we can see the florists.,Translation,12 八點(diǎn)半，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)即將開(kāi)始。在這片廣闊的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上，展現(xiàn)在我們面前的是綿延數(shù)英里的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)雙方的士兵。他們分別身著藍(lán)色和灰色軍裝，整齊肅立，分行相對(duì)排列，如同大理石雕像一般。而在我們左面，挖掘機(jī)和工人正靜靜地等待著，他們的后面是石匠和園?。换ń硠t站在我們右面。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,get under way: 開(kāi)動(dòng)，開(kāi)始進(jìn)行 e.g. Lets get under way, were already late. He gave his consent

56、 for the project to get under way.,stretch out: 延長(zhǎng)，拖長(zhǎng)；躺下（休息或睡覺(jué)） e.g. She stretched out her hand for the dictionary. They dont want to stretch the meeting out.,at attention: 立正 e.g. Stand at attention when you report. You cant expect the men to stand at attention for the whole morning in this hot wea

57、ther.,2. Text: The One-Day War,35,13 大看臺(tái)上政要云集：總統(tǒng)、副總統(tǒng)、眾議院議長(zhǎng)、參議院多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖、內(nèi)閣成員、最高法院法官及軍方代表都到場(chǎng)了。 14 現(xiàn)在全體起立，奏國(guó)歌?？偨y(tǒng)正走向主席臺(tái)。待他作出指示后，樂(lè)隊(duì)將會(huì)奏響軍號(hào)；最后一個(gè)音符奏完后，注意看士兵。,focus1text,13 Here in the grandstand are all the dignitaries: the President, Vice President, Speaker of the House, Senate majority leader, members of the

58、 Cabinet, the Supreme Court Justices, and representatives of the Armed Forces. 14 We all rise for our National Anthem. The President approaches the podium. When he gives the signal, the band will play taps, and on the last note of taps, watch the soldiers.,Translation,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. Text: The One-Day

59、War,36,15 每一位士兵，以軍人特有的精確，一齊拔出手槍，對(duì)準(zhǔn)自己的太陽(yáng)穴，204000支槍同時(shí)扣動(dòng)了扳機(jī)。槍聲震耳欲聾，仿佛發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)大爆炸，一時(shí)間硝煙彌漫，天空一片灰暗，仿佛暴風(fēng)雨突然降臨。戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上一片沉寂，身著灰、藍(lán)服裝的隊(duì)列變成了橫七豎八的尸體。無(wú)可否認(rèn)，士兵們?cè)僭趺从?xùn)練有素、忠心愛(ài)國(guó)，也難以按計(jì)劃完美地倒下去。但是，他們已經(jīng)做了該做的。現(xiàn)在，是其他人員開(kāi)始工作的時(shí)候了。,focus1text,15 With military precision, each man withdraws his pistol, and places it to his temple, and in unison 204,000 shots ring out. The noise is deafening like a huge explosion. Gunsmoke fills the air. The sky is now gray as if a storm has suddenly blown in. The field is very quiet. The rows of gray and blue fal