1、BEC 圖表作文,Writing: Part one,1Describing and explaining a graph 120-140 words (within 25 mins),圖表作文的分類,數(shù)據(jù)類： 1. table 表格圖 2. line chart /line graph曲線圖(線狀圖) 3. bar chart 柱狀圖 4. pie chart 餅狀圖,Table,Line Graph,Bar Chart/Column Chart,柱狀圖,Pie Chart,餅狀圖,圖表作文的文章結(jié)構(gòu),1. 引言部分 2. 主體段落 3. 結(jié)論部分,1. 引言部分 (introduction

2、) 包括兩個(gè)句子，第一句改寫(xiě)題目，敘述圖表描述的內(nèi)容和時(shí)間段，（有時(shí)候根據(jù)需要寫(xiě)上第二句）第二句概述圖表的大概趨勢(shì)。,The educational background of employees in a company,The column graph shows the changes of educational levels of staff members in a company in the year of 1991, 1996 and 2000.,The percentage of energy source in America,According to the pie g

3、raphs, there is a dramatic change in the percentage of the energy sources of the united states in 1970 and 1980.,圖表作文開(kāi)頭段的寫(xiě)法,開(kāi)頭段的寫(xiě)法：改寫(xiě)、轉(zhuǎn)述題目 1.改變題干中關(guān)鍵詞的詞性 2. 改變題干中關(guān)鍵詞的位置 3.同義替換,同義轉(zhuǎn)換 4.加入圖表中的其他文字信息(時(shí)間，性別，國(guó)家,對(duì)象) 5.開(kāi)頭段永遠(yuǎn)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),原題干:The graph below shows the enrollments of overseas students and local stude

4、nts in Britains universities.,The given bar chart demonstrates the (說(shuō)明圖表類型） (同義替換) proportion of foreign students and local (添加新信息) (同義替換) students enrolled in Britains universities (關(guān)鍵詞詞性和位置) from 1989 to 1999. (添加新信息),圖表作文開(kāi)頭段常用替換,1. show: give, describe, demonstrate, outline, indicate, reveal, pre

5、sent, illustrate,2. Information: data, statistics, numbers, figures,3. proportion: percentage, share,餅狀圖,The graph below shows us the information how electricity is used in an average English home.,范例. The given pie chart demonstrates the percentage / proportion / data /statistics about what the ele

6、ctricity is used for in a common English family/household.,圖表作文主體段的寫(xiě)法,圖表作文主體段一個(gè)共同的寫(xiě)法： 主體段：1+X 1: 主體段的第一句概括總體趨勢(shì)或者最顯著的趨勢(shì) X：用X句介紹具體細(xì)節(jié)，每個(gè)句子爭(zhēng)取涵蓋文字信息，數(shù)字信息和比較三個(gè)方面，不要只是羅列數(shù)字，文字信息更重要 2. 根據(jù)圖表數(shù)據(jù)作出合理分類,主體段的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題,1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：圖表中數(shù)據(jù)是以往數(shù)據(jù)，出現(xiàn)表示過(guò)去的年代 例: While Motorolas share of the global handset market rose to 20.6% from

7、18.7%, Samsung Electronics share fell to 12.2% from 12.5% in 2005.,2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：圖表中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)年代,只是一般數(shù)據(jù)的討論（用的最廣泛） 例: Britain produces 3% of the worlds carbon dioxides emissions, which are approximately the same as India.,3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：圖表中出現(xiàn)的年代超過(guò)了當(dāng)前時(shí)間，就用一般將來(lái)時(shí) 但不要用will, 要用 be likely to, be predicted to, be expected to,

8、 be estimated to, be projected to 例: The total US greenhouse gas emissions are predicted to increase by 20% from 2015 to 2020.,線狀圖主體段寫(xiě)法,第一句：描述曲線的總體趨勢(shì) 第二句：從起點(diǎn)開(kāi)始描述 第三句以后：拐點(diǎn)，最高點(diǎn)，最低點(diǎn)，終點(diǎn)，變化趨勢(shì)必須交代清楚，不必交代所有數(shù)據(jù),主體段1,Microsoft saw its share prices change constantly. At the beginning of the July, the pric stoo

9、d at $90 and reached a peak of $100 in mid-July. but the price fell to under $80 in mid-August and then recovered to $90 by September. The share price then fluctuated at or around this level until the end of November.,主體段2,Apple shares, on the other hand, showed an overall upward trend. The price ro

10、se from $45 per share in July to almost $80 by mid-September. Following a sharp fall at the beginning of October, the share price picked up and increased steadily, reaching a peak of $100 by the end of November.,Body段寫(xiě)法,一般來(lái)講,兩根線分兩段, 如果大于三根線,使用上升下降關(guān)系分段,如同為上升或下降則用更相同趨勢(shì)的線來(lái)分段.,Sample study,The graph bel

11、ow shows the sales of a product in three major international markets in the period between June 1994 and January 1997. A new marketing strategy was introduced in June 1995. Write a report describing the information given in the graph.,Reference:,The graph shows the sales of a product in Japan, Franc

12、e and Indonesia during the period between June 1994 and Jan 1997.,In Japan, sales stood at $20,000 in June 1994, the lowest in comparison with the other two areas. The sales figure went down within the next year. In June 1995, there were virtually no sales at all. After a new strategy was introduced

13、, the sales began to pick up and rose steadily over the following one and a half years to reach a peak of $90,000 in January 1997.,Reference:,In France, the sales were $50,000 in June 1994. Unfortunately, the sales fell significantly between June 1994 and January 1996 despite of the new marketing st

14、rategy. In January 1996 sales were only $10,000. After that the sales figure leveled off for one and a half years.,Reference:,In Indonesia, the sales were the same as in France in June 1994. It kept going up and arriving at a peak of $70,000 in June 1995. After the new strategy was introduced the fi

15、gure fell slightly to around $60,000 over the next year before it picked up in May 1996. (187 words),Reference:,餅狀圖主體段寫(xiě)法,第一句話：說(shuō)明餅狀圖的組成部分 第二句話：說(shuō)明占比例最大的部分 第三句話以后：說(shuō)明占比例第二的部分（或者：把剩下的幾部分分類，把比例相同的部分捏合到一起說(shuō)明）,單餅,餅狀圖主體段練習(xí),第一句：It can be seen from the pie chart that the electricity is used for four purposes.,主

16、體段第一句開(kāi)頭“由圖可見(jiàn)”的常用表達(dá)： It can be clearly seen from the chart that As can be clearly seen from the chart, We can see clearly from the chart that According to the chart, It is apparent/ obvious / evident / manifest from the. chart that,主體段第一句和第二句的過(guò)渡句： To be more exact, = More exactly, To be more precise,

17、 = More precisely, To be more specific, = More specifically, To be more detailed, = More detailedly,包含了,There are consist of be made up of ,X parts/categories,占百分比,occupy comprise constitute take up make up account for,X%,+,the percentage of x%,第二句開(kāi)始： To be more precise, heating rooms and water acco

18、unts for the largest proportion (52.5%) of the electricity used, while the demand of ovens, kettles and washing machines occupies the 17.5% of the total need of electricity. Lighting, TV and radio represent the same percentage(15%) as do vacuum cleaners, food mixers and electric tools.,多個(gè)事物的排列法一(餅圖,

19、柱形圖,表格),A is the largest/smallest/longest. B is a close/far second with just+數(shù)字less. 或者:which is followed by B. Third comes C with only +數(shù)字. 或者：C is close/far behind with +數(shù)字 Following C comes D with +數(shù)字 . Finally/the rest is ,多個(gè)事物的排列法二(餅圖,柱形圖,表格),A occupied the maximal portion of the 研究對(duì)象 , with數(shù)字

20、,while B accounted for comparatively less rate, with only _. Furthermore, altogether of the 研究對(duì)象was shared by C,D and E（共享）. The remaining part of . was due to F,G,H,I and J .（剩余）,兩個(gè)圖的寫(xiě)作原則：,方法：分圖寫(xiě) 第一張圖排列法一或排列法二(占據(jù),共享,剩余) 第二張圖漲/跌/平的比較,一般都是5個(gè)對(duì)象,基本分為2漲+2跌+（1平）,Electric energy production in US,第一段,Accor

21、ding to the pie graphs, there is a dramatic change in the percentage of the energy sources of the united states in 1970 and 1980.,第一張圖寫(xiě)法,Coal occupied the maximal portion of the sources of energy, with 47%, while Nuclear accounted for a tiny share, with only 1%（占據(jù)）. Furthermore, 28% altogether of th

22、e energy was shared by Oil and Hydro（共享）. The remaining 24% was due to Natural Gas（剩余）.,第二張圖寫(xiě)法之?dāng)?shù)字升降法,漲/跌/穩(wěn)定 （曲線圖的3種變句） During the year 1980, the percentage of energy sources changed strongly . 漲: In 1980, Coal increased from 47% to 51% and nulclear boomed from 1% to 11% .,On the contrary, there was

23、a decrease of 4% in the percentage of Hydro(降). In addition, the year of 1980 witnessed a slump of 9% in Natural Gas(降). What is worth mentioning is Oil which remained almost stable during the decade(平).,末段,Through the charts, we can easily draw the conclusion that the new source of energy, particul

24、arly Nuclear was given full play while the traditional ones, though still dominant, reached their bottleneck/ceiling to some extent. (預(yù)測(cè)),柱狀圖,寫(xiě)作原則： 如果橫坐標(biāo)頂點(diǎn)連成線是時(shí)間或者數(shù)字，那么就按照線狀圖來(lái)寫(xiě)，反之則按照餅狀圖來(lái)寫(xiě)分類,但不必完全局限在一種題型的要求上,柱狀圖 Bar Chart,寫(xiě)法： 把相同屬性的柱子頂端連起來(lái) （1）趨勢(shì)特征：線狀圖 （2）數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比：餅狀圖,靜態(tài)柱圖練習(xí),第一段,The graph shows the number

25、 of televisions and computers per 1000 users, for selected countries.,The number of televisions varies greatly between countries. The biggest audience for television is the Americans, with 750 televisions per 1000 people. In contrast, in the Philippines, there are only 20 televisions for every 1000

26、people. The rest position of the figures for the numbers of televisions in Sweden, France and the UK are similar, at between 500 and 600 sets per 1000 people.,In almost all countries, the number of PCs is lower than the number of televisions.The biggest gaps are in France, Saudi Arabia and Phillippi

27、nes. France and Phillippineshas twice as many televisions as computers, and in Saudi Arabia, there are 200 televisions per 1000 people compared to just 50 PCs. In contrast, in Sweden, the number of computers, at 500, is almost the same as the figure for televisions. South Korea is very unusual becau

28、se it has slightly more computers than televisions, at 400 compared to just 350 televisions.,結(jié)尾段,From the column, we can get that as might be expected, generally, most of the countries included in the graph have more televisions than computers,動(dòng)態(tài)柱圖,The biggest groups moving to New Zealand were the C

29、hinese and the British. In 2001 about 5500 each of British and Chinese nationals settled in New Zealand. Over the next three years, British immigration increased gradually and steadily to a peak of 8200 in 2004, and becam the largest immigration country to New Zealand . In contrast, immigration from

30、 China fluctuated sharply, rising to 8500 in 2002 and then plunging to just half, 4200, in 2004.,Indian immigration followed a similar pattern to the Chinese settlers. It was also around 5500 in 2001 and then rose to over 8000 in 2001 before falling back to just 3000 in 2004. In contrast, immigratio

31、n from South Africa and Fiji is much more constant at between 3000 and 4000 every year.,sample study 1,The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960, 1980 and 2000.,柱狀圖線狀圖,四線圖 分類 增長(zhǎng)的 car 減少的 bus 波動(dòng)的 train tube,P1,The graph below s

32、hows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960, 1980 and 2000. 題目 The bar graph illustrates the changing patterns in commuting by train, car, tube or bus for commuters in one European city in the years 1960, 1980 and 2000.,P2,The number of people u

33、sing trains at first rose from just under 20% in 1960 to about 26% in 1980, but then fell back to about 23% in 2000.,P3,Use of the tube was relatively stable, falling from around 27% of commuters in 1960 to 22% in 1980, but climbing back to reach 25% by 2000.,P4,On the other hand, the use of cars in

34、creased steadily from just over 5% in 1960 to 23% in 1980, reaching almost 40% by 2000, whereas the popularity of buses has declined since 1960, falling from just under 35% in 1960 to 27% in 1980 and only 15% in 2000.,P5,The graph indicates the growing use of cars for commuting to work between 1960

35、- 2000, and the continued decline in the popularity of buses from being the most popular mode of transport in 1960 to the least popular in 2000.,sample study 2,The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualification in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 19

36、99.,分組法,低學(xué)歷 （skilled vocational diploma）女低于男 中學(xué)歷 （undergraduate diploma, Bachelors degree）女高于男，而且Bachelors degree的兩者數(shù)值基本相等。 高學(xué)歷 （postgraduate diploma, masters degree）女低于男,P1,The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualification in Australia and the proportion of men and women who h

37、eld them in 1999.題目 The chart gives information about post-school qualifications in terms of the different levels of further education reached by men and women in Australia in 1999.,P2,We can see immediately that there were substantial differences in the proportion of men and women at different leve

38、ls.不同點(diǎn) The biggest gender difference is at the lowest post-school level, where 90% of those who held a skilled vocational diploma were men, compared with only 10% of women. By contrast, more women held undergraduate diplomas (70%) and less women reached degree level (55%).,P3,At the higher levels of

39、 education, men with postgraduate diplomas clearly outnumbered their female counterparts (70% and 30%, respectively), and also constituted 60% of Masters graduates. counterpart 同類,P4,Thus we can see that more men than women hold qualifications at the lower and higher levels of education, while more

40、women reach undergraduate diploma level than men. 不同點(diǎn)，趨勢(shì) The gender difference is smallest at the level of Bachelors degree, however.,3. 結(jié)論部分 再次用一句話概述和總結(jié)圖表，和introduction部分很相似，但更加具體，不含數(shù)據(jù)。,Sample study 1 Sample study 2 Sample study 3 Sample study 4,Sample study 1,The bar chart below shows the number o

41、f complaints made by consumers about different products and services in the years 1994 and 1997. Write a short report describing the information in the graph.,Reference:,The bar chart displays the changes in the number of complaints made by consumers about five kinds of products and services between

42、 1994 and 1997. According to the diagram, there was an increase in the complaints about most of the products and services.,The number of complaints about package holidays abroad and financial services increased over the period. The complaints made about the package holidays abroad rose by 12.7% from

43、 15,000 in 1994 to about 18,000 in 1997. And there were about 52,000 complaints about the financial services in 1997, 5.2% up on 1994.,Reference:,There were also more complaints about electric goods and second-hand cars in 1997 than in 1994. The complaints about the two products rose by 9.2% and 6.7

44、% respectively. The former increased from 66,000 in 1994 to about 70,000 in 1997 and the latter went up from 80,000 to 86,000. And clothing is the only sector where the number of complaints dropped over the period. In 1994, there were around 45,000 complaints while the figure decreased by 4% to arou

45、nd 43,000 in 1997.,Reference:,In conclusion we can see there were more complaints about the products and services in 1997 than in 1994 with the only exception of clothing.,Reference:,Sample study 2,The graph below shows the profit or loss made on three new products (A, B and C) in the year following

46、 their introduction to the market. Using the information from the graph, write a short report of 120-140 words on changes that occurred between February 2000 and the end of the year. Write on your answer sheet.,Reference：,Report on three products profit or loss Introduction The graph indicates the p

47、rofit or loss made on three new products after their introduction to the market from February, 2000 to December, the same year.,Reference：,Findings For Product A, it began to make profit immediately after launching with 5,000 dollars by April. Then it kept going up and reached the peak of 7,000 doll

48、ars by August. Unfortunately, it started to fall slightly till October, and finally dropped to 2,500 dollars profit at the end of December.,Reference：,Product C is the only one that did not make profit during this period. In its first four months in the market, it could just make ends meet before th

49、e profit was to increase from June to August, ending up with 1,000 dollars. Then, it dramatically declined to 1,000 dollars loss in October, and recovered a bit in the next two month, though still not making profit.,Reference：,Conclusion Both Product A and B were making profits between February and

50、December 2000, and Product C ended up with 1,000 dollars loss during this period.,Sample study 4,The graph below shows development in the ownership of mobile telephones as a percentage of telephones owned. Write a short report for a university lecturer describing the changes in telephone ownership.,

51、Mobile Telephone Ownership as Percentage of All Telephone Ownership,Reference:,From the bar charts, we can see the changes in the ownership of mobile phones as a percentage of all telephones owned in Europe, USA and Asia respectively between 1993 and 1998 and a forecast about the percentages in the

52、year 2003.,During the five years between 1993 and 1998, there was an increase in mobile telephone ownership in proportion to all the telephone users in the three areas. In Europe, 4% of the telephone owners were mobile phone subscribers in 1993. The percentage rose to 14% in 1998. In the USA, the pe

53、rcentage was 8% in 1993, the highest among the three areas. It increased to 18% in 1998. In Asia, there was a threefold increase from 2% in 1993 to 8% in 1998.,Reference:,It is forecast that the upturn trend will continue in the following five years. In 2003, 18% of the telephone owners in Europe ar

54、e estimated to be mobile phone users, compared to around 35% in USA and 28% in Asia.,Reference:,Also obvious from the diagram is that Asia is the most rapid. In 1993, the percentage was only 2%, the lowest among the three areas while in 2003, it is likely to be 28%, almost 10% higher than that of Eu

55、rope, the lowest among three areas.,Reference:,Phrases used to describe the graph,Phrases used to describe the graph,圖的說(shuō)法： Chart; graph; diagram; table; pie chart; line graph; 根據(jù)圖表可以看出： From the chart we can see that. According to the chart we can see that . 這個(gè)圖能顯現(xiàn)出： The chart shows/displays/indicat

56、es/ illustrates/reflects,Changes of the graph (圖表的變化),Changes of the graph (圖表的變化),Upward trend: verbs,increase to go up to rise to grow to jump to 突升；猛增： leap to 激增，劇增；猛增 soar to 猛增，劇增 shoot to 突然增長(zhǎng)(或上升) to 指增加到/上漲到某點(diǎn)；by指增加/上漲了多少,Upward trend: nouns,an increase of a growth of an upward trend a jump

57、 a soar of指增加/上漲了多少,Downward trend: verbs,fall to decrease to go down to Slide to (下跌，跌落) decline to drop to collapse to暴跌，猛跌,Downward trend: nouns,a decrease of a fall of a decline of a drop of a collapse of,to keep steady 持水平不變,to keep steady to remain constant to stay the same to hardly change to

58、 have little change,to level off at (上升后)開(kāi)始穩(wěn)定下來(lái),止跌回升,take up at + 數(shù)據(jù) recover/recovery at +數(shù)據(jù) pick up,波折變化/上下波動(dòng),fluctuate around fluctuate sharply all through ,Adverbs of degree(表示程度的副詞),1. 程度較大： considerably dramatically greatly markedly obviously quickly rapidly sharply significantly suddenly,2. 程度

59、較?。?gradually slowly slightly steadily,Adverbs of degree(表示程度的副詞),Prepositions about time,in fromto between.and duringand at the start of by the end of over at the end of throughout ,上升和下降趨勢(shì)的組合描述（嵌入了時(shí)間和程度之后）：,1. 先上升后下降的句型： . increased slowly during and but fell sharply in . A steady fall in during and followed the sharp increase in .,2. 先下降后上升的句型： fell before and began to make a recovery /continue the recovery, climbing to dropped during but increased again