2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,1,呼 吸 系 統(tǒng),Respiratory System,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,2,一、氣管及支氣管 (trachea and bronchi),(一)粘 膜,(二)粘膜下層：,(三)外 膜,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,3,1.上皮：假?gòu)?fù)層纖毛柱狀 2.固有層：C.T，EF、免疫C多。,(一)粘 膜,疏松結(jié)締組織，有氣管腺， 交界處：散在SM。,(二)粘膜下層,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,4,纖維膜， 16-20個(gè)“C”形的透明軟骨環(huán),(三)外 膜,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,5,二、肺 (lung),2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,6,漿膜：胸膜臟層 肺實(shí)質(zhì)： 肺葉、肺段支氣管 小支氣管 細(xì)支氣管 導(dǎo)氣部 肺 終末 小 呼吸性 葉 肺泡管 呼吸部 肺泡囊 (換氣部) 肺泡 肺間質(zhì)：CT,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,7,支氣管樹(shù)（bronchial tree）: 支氣管在肺內(nèi)的反復(fù)分支呈樹(shù)枝狀,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,8,肺小葉(pulmonary lobule) ： 每一細(xì)支氣管及各級(jí)分支和肺泡,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,9,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,10,(一）肺導(dǎo)氣部,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,11,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,12,小支氣管光鏡圖,軟骨碎片,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,13,小支氣管壁光鏡圖,軟骨碎片,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,14,細(xì)支氣管光鏡圖,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,15,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,16,(二)肺呼吸部,1.呼吸性細(xì)支氣管： 有肺泡開(kāi)口； 上皮：?jiǎn)瘟?壁不完整 2.肺泡管： 大量肺泡開(kāi)口； 壁極不完整結(jié)節(jié)狀膨大。 3.肺泡囊： 數(shù)個(gè)肺泡共同開(kāi)口處 ； 無(wú)管壁自身結(jié)構(gòu)。,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,17,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,18,呼吸性細(xì)支氣管光鏡圖,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,19,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,20,肺泡管,肺泡囊,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,21,4、肺泡(pulmonary alveoli)：,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,22,1）肺泡上皮： a、型肺泡C： 胞體扁平，胞核橢圓 占肺泡表面積95%， 血液與氣體交換部位。,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,23,b、型肺泡細(xì)胞：, 立方、圓形， 突向肺泡腔， 質(zhì)淺，有核周亮圈， 嗜鋨性板層小體 分泌表面活性物質(zhì)， 肺泡表面張力， 穩(wěn)定肺泡大小。,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,24,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,25,2)肺泡隔(alveolar septum),位置：肺泡壁間CT 結(jié)構(gòu)： 連續(xù)性Cap EF多 巨噬C,肺巨噬細(xì)胞： 形成：?jiǎn)魏薈演化而來(lái)； 分布：肺泡隔、肺泡腔內(nèi)。 塵細(xì)胞(dust cell)，心衰細(xì)胞。,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,26,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,27,macrophage,2019/5/14,Attitude decides anything,28,3)氣-血屏障(blood-air barrier),定義： 從 肺泡腔 到 Cap腔所經(jīng)過(guò)的結(jié)構(gòu)。 組成： 肺泡表面活性物質(zhì)層 肺泡上皮 上皮基膜 Cap內(nèi)皮基膜 內(nèi)皮 意義： 通透性大，有利氣體交換。,2019/5/14,Attitude