Lesson1,FacetoFacewithHurricaneCamille,Warming-upActivities,WhatareNaturalDisasters?,WhatshouldwedoifwewereconfrontedwithNaturalDisasters?,Anaturaldisasterisathreatofanaturallyoccurringeventthatwillhaveanegativeeffectonpeopleortheenvironment.EffectofNaturalDisasters：Death,Damagetoproperty,Homelessness，Populationmigration,Economicimpact，Destructionofinfrastructure（公共設施）.,Whatcanwedo?,RemaincalmandpatientAnalysisthesituationaroundus,andfindthebestwaytoevacuatevkjet(疏散，撤退）.Ifyoucantevacuate.FindasafeplacetowaitforrescueCorporatewiththepeoplearoundyou,NaturalDisasters,earthquake,flood,drought,hurricane,typhoon,sandstorm,snowstorm,tsunami,volcaniceruption,tornado,flood,earthquake,Anearthquakeisthesudden,rapidshakingoftheearth.causemanydeathsandinjuries,sandstorm,volcaniceruption,Avolcanoisamountainthatopensdownwardtoareservoirofmoltenrock(熔巖）enseheatlavaflows（巖漿流）destroyeverything,Tropicalstorms,typhoon:averyviolenttropicalstormwhichoccursovertheWestPacific（太平洋）OceanandChinaseas.tornado:aviolentwindstormconsistingoftallcolumnofairwhichspinsroundveryfastandcausesalotofdamageTsunami/tsunmi/:Averylargeoceanwavecausedbyanunderwaterearthquakeorvolcaniceruption.,tsunami,damagecoastlinestrikeanywhere,Tornado,龍卷風,typhoon,Hurricane,atropicalstorminwhichwindsattainspeedsgreaterthan75miles(121kilometers)perhour.ThetermisoftenrestrictedtothosestormsoccurringovertheNorthAtlantic（大西洋）Ocean.HurricaneseasonbeginsJune1andendsNovember30Hurricanesaregivengirlsnames,颶風和臺風都是指風速達到33米/秒以上的熱帶氣旋，只是因發(fā)生的地域不同，才有了不同名稱。出現(xiàn)在西北太平洋和我國南海的強烈熱帶氣旋被稱為“臺風”；發(fā)生在大西洋、加勒比海和北太平洋東部的則稱“颶風”。颶風在一天之內就能釋放出驚人的能量。颶風與龍卷風也不能混淆。后者的時間很短暫，屬于瞬間爆發(fā)，最長也不超過數(shù)小時。此外，龍卷風一般是伴隨著颶風而產(chǎn)生。龍卷風最大的特征在于它出現(xiàn)時，往往有一個或數(shù)個如同“大象鼻子”樣的漏斗狀云柱，同時伴隨狂風暴雨、雷電或冰雹。龍卷風經(jīng)過水面時，能吸水上升形成水柱，然后同云相接，俗稱“龍取水”。經(jīng)過陸地時，常會卷倒房屋，甚至把人吸卷到空中。,一級.最高持續(xù)風速7495mph危害：對建筑物沒有實際傷害，但對未固定的房車、灌木和樹會造成傷害。一些海岸會遭到洪水，小碼頭會受損。二級.最高持續(xù)風速96110mph危害：部分房頂材質、門和窗受損，植被可能受損。洪水可能會突破未受保護的泊位使碼頭和小艇會受到威脅。三級.最高持續(xù)風速111130mph危害：某些小屋和大樓會受損，某些甚至完全被摧毀。海岸附近的洪水摧毀大小建筑，內陸土地洪水泛濫。四級.最高持續(xù)風速131155mph危害：小建筑的屋頂被徹底地完全摧毀?？亢８浇貐^(qū)大部分淹沒，內陸大范圍發(fā)洪水。五級.最高持續(xù)風速156mph危害：大部分建筑物和房屋屋頂被完全摧毀，一些房子完全被吹走。洪水導致大范圍地區(qū)受災，海岸附近所有建筑物進水，定居者可能需要撤離。典型颶風颶風安德魯颶風卡米爾颶風吉爾伯特,HurricaneCamille,HurricaneCamille:ThestormlashedMississippiandLouisianafortwodays,Aug.17-18,1969.Thedeathtollwas256andbillionsofdollarsindamage.winds:190mph,HurricaneCamilleissaidtobetheworststormevertohitmainlandUnitedStates.Withwindsinexcessof200mphandtidesover20feet,HurricaneCamillesmashedintotheMississippiGulfCoastonSundaynight,the17thofAugustandcontinueditsdevastatingpathuntiltheearlyhoursofMonday,the18th.Thecombinationofwinds,surges,andrainfallscaused259deathsand$1.421billionindamage.,Camille可以說是世界范圍內登陸時風力最強的熱帶氣旋，同時她也是20世紀僅有的3個以五級颶風的強度登陸美國的熱帶氣旋之一，她幾乎掃平了美國墨西哥灣沿岸的一切，并在弗吉尼亞州造成了恐怖的洪水和死亡。喪生于Camille麾下的生命總計259人，直接經(jīng)濟損失達7.8億美元。,ApartmentbuildinginMississippibeforeandafterCamille.,towncenterafterHurricaneCamilleinAugust1969,CivilDefense(民防隊):asystemofwarningdevices（報警裝置）,volunteerworkers,anizedasadefenseofthepopulationagainstenemyactionsintimeofwar.TheprincipalU.S.civildefenseagency(機構)wasestablishedin1950andin1961civildefensefunctionsweretransferredtotheDefenseDepartment(國防部).,NationalGuard(國民警衛(wèi)隊):intheU.S.,theorganizedmilitiaforces(民兵組織)oftheindividualstates,acomponentoftheArmyoftheU.S.whencalledintoactiveFederalservice.(戰(zhàn)時由聯(lián)邦編入正式軍),Seabees(海軍修建營):membersoftheconstructionbattalionsoftheCivilEngineerCorps(美國海軍工程兵)oftheU.S.Navy,thatbuildharbor（避難所）facilities,airfields,etc.SeabeestandsforCB,shortforConstructionBattalion.,TheSalvationArmy（救世軍）isaProtestantChristianchurchknownforitsextensivephilanthropyandcharitywork.Itisaninternationalmovementthatcurrentlyworksinoverahundredcountries,logo,TheInternationalRedCrossisaninternationalhumanitarianmovementwithapproximately97millionvolunteers,membersandstaffworldwidewhichwasfoundedtoprotecthumanlifeandhealth,toensurerespectforallhumanbeings,andtopreventandalleviate（減輕）humansuffering,withoutanydiscrimination,InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross,thetypeofthestory,narration(Thetellingofastory)generaltypeofnarration:introduction(beginning)(time,place,characters,background);developmentclimaxconclusion(denouement),Organizationofthetext,PartI(para.1-6):preparationforthehurricane(introductoryparagraphs:thetime,placeandbackgroundoftheconflict-manversushurricanes)PartII(para.7-27):theprocessoftheJohnKoshaksbravefightingagainstthehurricanePartIII(para.28-35):theproblemsbroughtbythehurricaneweresolvedgraduallybytheorganizationsandthepeoplethemselvesPartIV(para.36-39):thoughtherewasdamagebroughtbythehurricane,Koshaksfamilyvaluedtheirlifemorethanbeforethehurricane,TheSummaryoftheTextThetextdescribestheheroicstruggleoftheKoshaksandtheirfriendsagainsttheforcesofadevastating(destructive)hurricane.Unwillingtoabandontheirhome,theKoshakshadmadefullpreparationsforthehurricane.However,theyhadunderestimated(低估）violenceofHurricaneCamille,whichsmashedintotheMississippiGulfCoastwithwindsinexcessof200mphandtidesover20feet.,Theoverwhelmingwindandrainwhippedthehousesothatitwasonthevergeofdisintegration(崩潰).TheKoshaksandtheirfriendstriedtoquitthehouse,butunfortunatelyfailedbecauseofthedoused(wetinthewater)car.Thisdesperatesituation,theyattemptedtosupporteachotherwithverbal（口頭的）comfortsorprayersfortheGod.,Withthewholeroofliftedoff,thestaircase（樓梯）breakingapart,andthewallsfallingdown,theKoshaksfoundnoroomtobeashelterandpreparedadoorfortakingtheninechildrenonifthefloorsplitup.Luckily,themainattackofCa