1、非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式有三種：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。一、不定式：it is hard for me to do the work.作主語he wants to speak at the meeting. 作賓語i have a lot of work to do . 作定語he asked me to finish it in time. 作賓補(bǔ)my job is to help the patient.作表語he is too young to go to school.作結(jié)果狀語we were surprised t o find him there . 作原因狀語he spoke l

2、oudly to make herself heard.作目的狀語he went to his home, only to find he was out.出乎意料的結(jié)果特點(diǎn)1）不定式短語做主語時(shí)，往往放在謂語之后，用it 作形式主語， （例 1）2）不定式作賓語，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓補(bǔ)之后，而用it 作形式賓語，請看下句：i find it interesting to study english.3) 不定式作賓補(bǔ)， 在 feel, hear, listen to, look to, notice, observe, see, watch, have , let,

3、make等詞后的補(bǔ)足語，不定式不帶to, 但這些句子變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)就必須帶to.二、動(dòng)名詞：動(dòng)名詞形式由 “動(dòng)詞 +ing”構(gòu)成，具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語，表語，賓語和定語。請看例句：1）collecting information ( 收集信息） is very important to businessmen. 作主語2) it is no use arguing with him.( 與他爭論）作主語3）she finished reading the book ( 看完這本書） yesterday. 作賓語4) he has a reading room. ( 書

4、房）作定語特點(diǎn)：1.在 it is no use/good, no any use/good, useless 等后須用動(dòng)名詞作主語，泛指抽象動(dòng)作.2 在 finish,mind, enjoy, pactise, avoid, imagine, consider, feel like, keep, prevent, risk,suggest等詞后，一定用動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式。3. 在 forget, go on, like , mean, regret, remember, stop, try 等動(dòng)詞可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別，請看下列句型：1）我記得讀過這本書.i rememb

5、er reading the book. ( 指過去的動(dòng)作）i must remember to read the book. (指將來的動(dòng)作）2）我要設(shè)法提高我的英語口語。i ll try to improve my spoken english.敲門沒人答應(yīng)， 試著敲后門。 try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.3) 不要講話。 stop talking.他停下來講話。he stopped to talk.4) 我沒打算傷害你。i didn t mean to hurt you.錯(cuò)過這班車意味

6、著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。missing the train means waiting for another hour.4. 動(dòng)名詞和不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞形式表示一般習(xí)慣， 抽象概念， 或已成過去的動(dòng)作， 不定式表示的往往是具體的或特定的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作。第 1頁共 6頁playing with fireis dangerous.（泛指玩火）to play with firewill be dangerous. ( 指一具體動(dòng)作）it s no use crying over spilt milk.指抽象動(dòng)作he realized that to go on like thi

7、swas no use. 具體動(dòng)作he has forgotten seeing me before. 指已成過去的動(dòng)作i must remember to remind john that the garden needs watering 指將來的動(dòng)作三、分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞 和 過去分詞1分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。現(xiàn)在分詞：1）有一般式和完成時(shí)，一般式即主句和從句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。2）完成時(shí)（ having+過去分詞）表示的動(dòng)作在主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。when he was a student, he was interested in books.beinga student

8、, he was interested in books.after he had done his homework, he went to bed.having donehis homework, he went to bed.3) 當(dāng)句子的主語是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，分詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)作，就用動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。the question which is being discussed is important.the question being discussed is important.as he had been criticized by the

9、teacher, li ming gave up smoking.having been criticized by the teacher, li ming gave up smoking.過去分詞：過去分詞表示在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 本身有被動(dòng)的含義， 所以只有一般式，沒有完成式。2. 分詞的用法：1. 作定語：站在窗旁的那個(gè)男人是我們的老師。the man standing at the window is our teacher.被污染的空氣河水對人體有害。polluted air and water are harmful to people s health.請注意： 如果現(xiàn)在

10、分詞作定語時(shí)， 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞有先后，一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，而用定語從句。the teacher criticized the studentwho had broken the window .2. 作狀語 :1)while he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time.while reading the book , he nodded from time to time.2) since i am a student, i must study hard.being a s

11、tudent, i must study hard.as we were not satisfied with the result, we decided to do the experiment again.not satisfied with the result, we decided to do the experiment again.3) if time permits, i will finish another lesson. time permitting , i will finish another lesson.if he is allowed, he would e

12、at all the food in the house.if allowed, he would eat all the food in the house.4)the students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing .（說說笑笑）第 2頁共 6頁he entered the room,followed by his girlfriend (后面跟著女朋友） 3. 作賓補(bǔ) :we saw the teacher making the experiment . （做實(shí)驗(yàn)）i ve never heard the song sun

13、g in english. ( 用英語唱）4. 作表語：the news is inspiring （令人鼓舞）he is surprised. (他很吃驚 )特點(diǎn)：1.分詞短語作狀語,其邏輯主語須與句子的主語一致.2. 表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時(shí)可由連詞while或 when 引導(dǎo)。3. 有時(shí) “with(without)+ 名詞（或代詞賓格） +分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨狀況的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 eg. 1)with his homework finished ahead of time, he began to play computer.2) he fell asleep with the lam

14、p burning.4. 分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，若句子主語不是它的邏輯主語（即兩邊主語不一致）通常在它前面加上它的主語，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。all my money stolen, i had to walk without buying anything.time permitting , （時(shí)間允許的話）i will finish another lesson主語賓語表語定語狀語賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)名詞分詞不定式exercises：不定式作賓補(bǔ)1.they would not allow him_a_ across theenemy line.a. to risk goingb.risking to g

15、oc. for risk to god.risk goingask,tell,invite,force,get,beg,allow,help,wish want,like,hate,prefer,expect,encourage,advise, persuade,instruct,permit,request,order,warn.cause,urge 等等動(dòng)詞后可接不定式作賓補(bǔ)。 2.though he had often made his little sister_a_, today he was made_by his little sister.a.cry,to cryb.cryin

16、g,cryingc.cry,cryd.to cry,cry使役動(dòng)詞make,let 只接不帶to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。let me do it for you.3.as you ve never been there before,i ll have someone_b_you the way.第 3頁共 6頁a.to showb.showc.showingd.showedi had my tv set repaired yesterday.don t have him waiting in the rain for so long.4.-good morning.can i help you?-

17、i d like to have this package_d_,madam.a.be weighedb.to be weighedc.to weighd.weighed5.it s very cold. let s make a fire_b_ ourselves.a.warm b.to warmc.warmingd.warmed6.i have a suggestion_c_at the meeting.a.put forwardb.putting forwardc.to put forwardd.to be put forwardhave(有),make( “做 ”等非使役意義 )時(shí)接帶

18、 to 的不定式作定語或目的狀語7.in australia, he made a lot of friends_b_a very practical knowledge of the englishlanguage.a.getb.to getc.gettingd.got8.i m going to shanghai next week.have you anything_d_ to your parents?a.to buyb.to be boughtc.to taked.to be taken9.the missing boy was last seen_a_nearthe river.a

19、.playingb.to be playingc.playd.to play10.the boy who was caught_b_in the examination will be punished by the teacher.a.cheatb.cheating.c.to cheatd.cheated11.the stranger you saw_b_with a big travelling bag stayed in room 104 yesterday.ato come in b.come in c.has come in d.who came in 1)感官動(dòng)詞，2）“致使 ”動(dòng)

20、詞 have,get,keep,leave12.when he was a boy, he used to go there and watched_c_.a.bicycles repairedb.bicycles to be repairedc.bicycles being repairedd.to repair bicycles13.who did the teacher have_c_an article for the wall newspaper just now?a.writtenb.writingc.writed.to write注意這一結(jié)構(gòu)的活用。i saw the bike

21、being repaired.i saw the bike repaired.we often heard the song being sung.不定式作狀語14.in order to improve english,_.a.jenny s father bought her a lot of tapesb.jenny bought a lot of tapes for herselfc. a lot of tapes were bought by jenny.d.a lot of tapes were bought by jenny s father不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語通常是句子的主

22、語。1 i ll write down his telephone number in order to call him when necessary.2in order not to be late, we took a taxi instead of a bus.3she lived to be over 100.4she was not old enough to understand all that.第 4頁共 6頁5we are proud to be young people of china.15.we should prevent pollution_b_happily.a

23、.from livingb.to livec.livingd.to living16.i m examining the composition he has just finished_a_the possible mistakes in it.a.to correctb.correctc.correctedd.correcting17.the day we look forward to_c_at last.a.comeb.comingc.camed.to come 名 18.i don t mind _c_by bus,but i hate _in queues.a.traveling;

24、standb.to travel;to standc.traveling;to standd.traveling;to standing19.-when did you go to shanghai?-i remember _b_there when i was a child.a.having takenb.having been takenc.to be takend.taken20.the squirrel was lucky that it just missed_c_.a.catchingb.to be caughtc.being caughtd.to catch21._c_to s

25、unlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.a.exposeb.having exposed c.being exposedd.after being exposed22.i can hardly imagine peter_c_across the atlantic ocean in 15 days.a.sailb.to sailc.sailingd.to have sailed 名 的復(fù)合 構(gòu)： 名 的 主 + 名 mary s complaining annoyed him.i don t mind him coming.23.

26、what worried the boy was_b_to visit his father in the hospital.a.his not allowingb.his not being allowed.c.his being not allowedd.having not been allowed分 24. the first textbooks_a_for teaching english as a foreign language, were producedin the 16th century.a.writtenb.to be writtenc.being writtend.having written25.this is one of the problems_d_at the meeting at present.a.discussedb.discuss