1、Machiavellianism can be used for reference today【Abstract】Machiavellianismistheemploymentofcunningandduplicityinstatecraftoringeneralconduct.Theviewofnon-moralpoliticswasascribedtoMachiavelli.Fearandvariousschemescanbeusedtoachievethepurposeofreigningandcontrolling.Butnowtherearemanyarticlescriticiz

2、ingthistheory.Theyclaimthatitsnotmoral.PreviousstudiesclearlyshowthatMachiavellianthinkingandbehaviorarecharacterizedbysomekindofcoldattitude；atendencytobedetachedfromtheemotionalfeaturesofaparticularsituation.Anddependingonit，onecantgoalongway.Thesearticlescanbechallenged.Insomeareasofyourlife，youc

3、antakeadvantageofthistheorytogetthetop.Inourdailylife，machiavellianismalsocanbeusedforreference.ThisthesiswillhelpyoutoseetheessenceofMachiavellianism.Takinggoodadvantageofthistheory，youcanreachyourgoals.【Keywords】Machiavellianism；goals；life【作者簡(jiǎn)介】范敏，中國(guó)石油大學(xué)華東。Introduction：Machiavellianismisoneoftheda

4、rktriadpersonalities，characterizedbyaduplicitousinterpersonalstyle，acynicaldisregardformorality，andafocusonself-interestandpersonalgain.Machiavellianisminpsychologyreferstoapersonalitytraitwhichseesapersonsofocusedontheirownintereststheywillmanipulate，deceive，andexploitotherstoachievetheirgoals.What

5、everyourcareerisoryoursocialstatusis，thistheoryorwecancallitatrumpcardcanleadyourlifemorecontrolledandbrighter.Machiavellianismisalsoatermthatsomesocial，forensicandpersonalitypsychologistsusetodescribeapersonstendencytobeunemotional，andthereforeabletodetachthemselffromconventionalmoralityandhencetod

6、eceiveandmanipulateothers.ThistermitselfderivedfromNiccoloMachiavelli，adiplomatandphilosopherintheRenaissance.From“ThePrince，wecanunderstandtheMachiavellianismbetter.Thebookespousedhisviewsthatstrongrulersshouldbeharshwiththeirsubjectsandenemies.Machiavellianismisdefinedas“aprocessbywhichthemanipula

7、torgetsmoreofsomekindofrewardthanhewouldhavegottenwithoutmanipulating，whilesomeoneelsegetsless，atleastwithintheimmediatecontextChristieandGeis，1970，p.106.Thecoreofthispersonalitytypecanbeexplainedintermsofmanipulative，persuasivebehaviortoaccomplishpersonalobjectives.Althoughitseemstobebrutalandimmor

8、al，itdoesworkinallages.Thisthesiswillanalyzeitfromthreeaspects，thecompanymanagement，therelationshipandhowtouseitproperly.Machiavellianismisaninterpersonalmanipulation.Machiavellianismintheworkplaceistheemploymentofcunningandduplicityinabusinesssetting.Machiavellianismhasbeenstudiedextensivelyoverthe

9、past40yearsasapersonalitycharacteristicthatsharesfeatureswithmanipulativeleadership.Ifyouareamanagerorabossofacompany，youmustlearnaboutMachiavellianism.Machiavellianismonlymanipulatesonoccasionswheritisnecessarytoachievetherequiredobjectives.AccordingtotheMachiavellianism，fearcanbeabetterwaytocompet

10、ewithyourcommercialrivals.Inmodernpsychology，likethecommercialcompetition，businessmenonlypayalltheattentiononprofits.Fearmakesyourcompetitorsobeyyouandgivewhatyouwant.Fearmakesyoursubordinatesdevotefortheirjobsandcreatemoreprofitsforyou.InChineseculture，wepraisedthosekindleadershighly.Butconsidering

11、itfromanotherside，sometimeskindnessmaynotbringagoodresult.SomeonemaysaythatGoogleisanexception；managersbuildarelaxingenvironmentforemployers.Butasasuccessfulcompany，Googleisstricttoemployers.Whatsmore，itswitnessistheinterview.EveryonewhocomestotheinterviewofGooglewillcommunicatewithsixinterviewers.S

12、ofeararebuiltineveryonesheartatthefirsttimetheystepinthiscompany.Googleonlyleavesitstolerancetothoseactive，struggling，responsibleandtalentemployers.Onthecontrary，somecompaniesonlylearnedbitsandpiecesfromGoogle.Managersarealwayskind；anyemployerscanbetoleratetotreat.Nodoubt，thosecompanieswillgobroke.S

13、ofear，strictmanagementandsometricksarenecessary.Currently，manyenterprisesgoforthewolfculture.Shiyuzhusaid：aslongasitsagreatcompany，itmustpursuethewolfculture.Therabbitculturemustmakeacompanygodown.“Frommyview，italsocanbeapartofMachiavellianism.Forexample，Huaweipursuesthewolfculturemore.In2020，itbeca

14、methetop83witha78.51billiondollarsannualincomeintheworld.Andsometimesamanagerneedssometrickstogetsomeusefulinformationfromthemarketorothercompanies.Itisimmoralbutuseful.Ifacompanywantstosurvivefromtheharshmarket，Machiavellianismcanbeusedforreference.Inthesellingprocessthesalesagentsresponsibilitiesi

15、ncludepresentingtheproduct/serviceinthebestlightpossible，handlingobjections，andclosingthesale.Manyclosingtechniquescouldbeconstruedasmanipulativedependinguponthedegreeofimplementation.Onefactorthatmeasuressalessuccessisdollarsgeneratedorthenumberofsuccessfulcloses.Henceitislogicaltoassumethatsomelev

16、elofthemanipulationtraitisneededtobesuccessfulOlshavsky，1973；GreenbergandGreenberg，1990.Therelationshipisabigpartweneedtodealwithinourlives.Friends，lovers，familymembers，anyoneyouknowandanystrangers，youneedfindabalanceandmakeallrelationshipsgoarightway.Machiavellianismisapersonalitytraitinvolvingmani

17、pulativenessanddeceit，cynicalviewstowardhumannature，andacold，calculatingattitudetowardsothers.Machiavelliansarestrategicindividualswhoarewillingtolie，cheat，anddeceiveothersinordertoachievetheirgoals.Machiavellianismmaybesoindifferentintheserelationships.AsaChinese，weemphasizetreatotherswellandregard

18、everyoneasagoodfriend.Whatwestressisnotourownbenefitsbutthegoodrelationship.However，Machiavellianismisusedwellinwesterncultureduringgettingalongwithothers.Itsatruththatwesternpeoplehaveplentyfriendsindifferentareas.Whentheydoexercise，theycontactseveralfriendswholovesports；wheytheywanttostudy，theyhav

19、eseveralfriendswithahostofknowledge；wheytheyarecrazyongoingshopping，theyjustcallseveralfriendswithafashionableview.Furthermore，theydontkeepalongrelationshiporfriendship.Eveninafamily，peoplestressmoreontheindividualism.Theyrespecteachothersprivacyandrightinthefamily.Whattheycherishmoreistheirowninter

20、est，justlikeMachiavellians.OnecannotbeaMachiavelliancompletely，butonecannotbealwaysayes-maneither.Duringtherelationshipwithyourfriends，ifyouhavenodignityandyourownthinking，youwillbehurtinthisfriendship，becauseyouhavenowaytoprotectyourownbenefits.Andhumanbeingsareselfish，therearefewsaints，mostpeoplea

21、restrugglingtoprotectthemselves.Machiavelliansmusthaveareasonablygoodtheoryofmindinordertobeabletobeabletounderstandwhatdrivesthebehaviorsofothers，sothattheycanmanipulatetheseothers.Also，fromLianeYoungsstud，Machiavellianismcorrelatedwithhigherratingsofreciprocityasfair，wherasempathicconcernandperspe

22、ctivetakingcorrelatedwithhigherratingsofcharityasfair.reciprocityisasituationinwhichtwopeople，groups，orcountriesgiveeachothersimilarkindsofheloorspecialrights，itsamutualbefit.Theresultofthisstudyiscontradictedwithourcognition，butitsafact.AlthoughMachiavellianismdirectspeopletakeadvantageofeverywayto

23、achievetheirgoals，theyhaveforesightandsagacity.Whattheypursuesisalong-terminterest.Itsalsoappliedtorelationshipwithotherpeople.Contactingwithothersistocreateapeopleweb，togetmorehelpfromothers.，whichisnotonlyfortheemotionneeds.Moreover，peoplewithapropositionofMachiavellianismwillendtherelationshipina

24、shorttimeasaresultofinterestcontradiction.Whattheywantandinsistisreciprocity，theyneedgetbenefitsandgoalsinalongterm.Butthen，inarelationshipwithyourboyfriendorgirlfriend，itsanotheraspectwewillanalyse.Thisisthemostcomplexrelationshipintheworldanditshardtokeepinagoodstateandbalanceallthetime.But，Machiavellianismcangiveussometips.Inallages，weregardedMachiavellianismasatomboflove.Machiavelliansintheloveonlyemphasizetheirownbenefits.Theywontdevoteeverythingforeachother.Butfromtheotheraspect，loveneedswhitelies；loveneedssometrickstokeepitintoawelllastingco