1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞總結(jié)I 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征：1. 本身有詞義。2. 不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。2. 后接動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。3. 不隨人稱和數(shù)的變化。II 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞各自的基本意義與用法：1. can 與could用法對(duì)比點(diǎn)can could1、表“能力”Can you lift this heavy box?I couldnt understand what he said at all.2、表“許可”You can use a different material instead.He said I could borrow his bike.3、“懷疑”No, no, it cant be true.What

2、 on earth can this mean?We thought the story could not be true. How could you be so careless?4、can與be able to 區(qū)別1. could代替 can，表示語(yǔ)氣更為婉轉(zhuǎn)。 Eg. Could I use your bike? Yes, you can2. can (能夠)=be able to(僅表能力時(shí))，但be able to 表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。2.may與 might用法對(duì)比點(diǎn)maymight1表“詢問(wèn)”May I?(=Can I?)Might I?(=Coul

3、d I?)(但比用may 更客氣)2.表“允許”You may take the boy there.He told me he might come. (might 與told相呼應(yīng))3表“可能”“或許”She may nor like this place.Im afraid he might not like this play.注：1. May I?的答語(yǔ)。2. may可表示期望或祝愿 May you succeed !3. may (might) 用于目的狀語(yǔ)從句?？隙ǎ篩es, you may.否定：No, you mustnt 不行（語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)硬）No, you may not 或N

4、o, youd better not.The emperor gave them some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.3. must與have to用法對(duì)比點(diǎn)musthave to1. 表“必須”（主觀看法）必須；沒(méi)有過(guò)去式，可用于間接引語(yǔ)中。He told me I must do according to what he said.（客觀需要）不得不，有多種時(shí)態(tài)。Its raining heavily, we cant go now.2. 疑問(wèn)句Must I? Yes, you must.（一定）No, y

5、ou neednt./ you dont have to.(不必)Do you have to go today?Yes, we do.You dont have to worry about that.4. need與dare用法對(duì)比點(diǎn)needdare1.情態(tài)v.+動(dòng)詞原形 1）否定式 2）疑問(wèn)式He need not (neednt)go.-Need we do it again?-No, you neednt do it again.He dare not say so.Dare she go out alone at night?How dare you say Im unfair?I

6、f he dare do that, hell be punished.I dare say. (固定用法)2.實(shí)義v. +to do 1）肯定式 2）否定式 3）疑問(wèn)式He needs to go.He doesnt (does not) need to go.Does he need to do it again?No, he doesnt need ot do it again.He dares to say.He does not(doesnt)dare to say.If you dare to jump into the water from here, so dare I .3.

7、 did not need to do表示過(guò)去沒(méi)必要做She didnt need to attend the meeting yesterday, and she stayed with her children.(她沒(méi)有參加)5. should與ought to用法對(duì)比點(diǎn)shouldought to1、表“應(yīng)該”表勸告、建議You should listen to the doctors advice.We should learn from Zhang Hua.“有責(zé)任有必要”做某事You ought to finish your work before you go home.We o

8、ught to help each other.2、表“估計(jì)”They should get home by now.“非?？赡堋钡氖?，可譯為“總應(yīng)該”If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch. 注：1）should還可在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的使用2) 注意：ought to的疑問(wèn)式與否定式-Ought he to go? -Yes, I think he ought to. -No, he oughtnt to. 否定式：oughtnt to do (不說(shuō)ought to not do) 反疑問(wèn)句：oughtnt

9、 _?6. shall與will用法shallwill1. 征詢對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示，用于第一、三人稱：Shall I (we)? Shall he (she)?Where shall I (we)wait for you?1. 詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的意思或向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆螅篧ill you (please)? Wont you?Would you like to.? (would替代will更客氣)Wont you go and see the film?你不去看電影嗎-Yes, I think I will. 不， 我想去。2. 表示說(shuō)話人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“強(qiáng)制”“允諾”“決心”等，用于第二、

10、三人稱。You shall do what I tell you ( to do).我叫你干什么你就干什么。Everything shall be done to save the ship.一定要竭盡全力來(lái)拯救這艘船。2. 表示“意志”“意愿”，用于各種人稱：I wont do anything you dont like.我不會(huì)做任何你不喜歡的事。Would表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的“意志”“意愿”Shylock would not take the money earlier.夏洛克先前是不肯要錢(qián)的。7. used to與would用法used towould1.表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)，重在與現(xiàn)在情況

11、的對(duì)比，不一定要有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。I used to play cards a lot, but now I seldom play.My hometown is not what it used to be.1.只表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when I was in the middle school.2.would 后只接表動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，不接表認(rèn)識(shí)或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞He used to be nervous in the exam.2. 表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣有時(shí)可互換：When we were very young

12、, we used to / would go skating every winter.3. 表示過(guò)去的次數(shù)時(shí)，不能使用：( ）We went to the Great Wall five times when we were young.( X ) We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young.注：used to do的否定式：usednt to do 或didnt use to do (usednt也可寫(xiě)作usent)疑問(wèn)式： Did you use to do ? Didnt you u

13、se to do? Used you to do? Usednt you to do?II 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)：1. 大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（除表能力、許可、意志外），都可以表示推測(cè)，其程度有差異。按可能性程度的高低排列為：must will wouldought to should 完全肯定 完全可能 很可能 can couldmay might 可能 有可能2. 區(qū)分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定含義：may not或許不、可能不 might not可能不 cant 不可能mustnt不許、禁止 shouldnt不應(yīng)該 neednt 不必3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)具體運(yùn)用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以對(duì)現(xiàn)在、進(jìn)行、過(guò)去推測(cè)。S主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

14、 + be + adj對(duì)“性質(zhì)”“特征”的推測(cè)S主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + n對(duì)“職業(yè)”“事物”的推測(cè)S主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形對(duì)經(jīng)常性行為的推測(cè)S主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + V-ing對(duì)進(jìn)行著的行為的推測(cè)S主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + PP對(duì)過(guò)去的行為的推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)時(shí)：1、can只能用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句2、must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑問(wèn)句其實(shí)就用can來(lái)代替了）3、如句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 完成時(shí)，定是對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè) 。4、句中如有表示不肯定的話語(yǔ)E.g I am not sure; I dont know 之類，常選may /might的各種形式。4. 表示反勸的特殊的表推測(cè)形

15、式1). could + have + P.P.表示本來(lái)能做到，但事實(shí)上沒(méi)有做到。He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came.2) . couldnt +have + P.P.表示本來(lái)不能做到，但已經(jīng)做到了。She could not have covered the whole distance, but in fact she arrived ahead of time.3) neednt + have + P.P.表示本不必做的，但已經(jīng)做到了。She neednt have attended the m

16、eeting yesterday, but she did.4. ) should/ought to +have + P.P.表示該做而沒(méi)有做The plant is dead. I should/ought to have given it more water.5) shouldnt/ oughtnt to +have + P.P.表示不該做而做了。You oughtnt to / shouldnt have taken her bike without permission.5. 注意：must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑問(wèn)句其實(shí)就用can來(lái)代替了）1. must + have + P

17、.P. 表示對(duì)過(guò)去肯定的推測(cè)，“一定是，準(zhǔn)是”The road is wet. It must have rained yesterday.2. can + have + P.P. 表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)（限于問(wèn)句中）Can she have said so? 他可能這樣說(shuō)嗎？3. cant + have + P.P. 表示對(duì)過(guò)去的否定推測(cè)He cannot have said such a foolish thing.III 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的反意疑問(wèn)句1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的反意疑問(wèn)句，簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，就是以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的時(shí)態(tài)為淮，如句子里有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，則以其為準(zhǔn)。2. 以 must 為例：E.g. 1

18、. You must be hungry now, arent you? 2. He must be watching TV , isnt he ? 3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasnt he ?4. She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she?注：如選擇題中（以She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she？為例）既有didnt she又有hasnt she則以didnt she？為最佳答案。IV 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)與解析一( ) 1. You _ ret

19、urn the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not( ) 2. Where is my pen? I _ it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost( ) 3. I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see( ) 4. I didnt hear

20、the phone. I _ asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been( ) 5. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented( ) 6. He _ you more help, even though he

21、 was very busy. A. might have given B. might have C. may have given D. may give( ) 7. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb( ) 8. Without electricity human life _ qu

22、ite difficult today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be( ) 9. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not( ) 10. Jenny _ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would( )11. We _ last nig

23、ht, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study( ) 12. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should( ) 13. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be t

24、elling D. having told( ) 14. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken( ) 15. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt ve

25、ry sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will( ) 16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out( ) 17. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A

26、. has come B. did come C. came D. had come( ) 18. Shall I tell John about it? No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt( ) 19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken( ) 20. Its near

27、ly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can( ) 21. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been( ) 22. Johnny, you _ play with the knif

28、e, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt( ) 23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to( ) 24. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by

29、12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need( ) 25. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed( ) 26. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D.

30、I wont( ) 27. Are you coming to Jeffs party? Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might( ) 28. Write to me when you get home. _.A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can( ) 29. I was really anxious about you, you _ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt h

31、ave left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave( ) 30. Is John coming by train? He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（二）1. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have sp

32、oken D. couldnt have spoken2. One ought _ for what one hasnt done.A. not to be punished B. to not be punishedC. to not punished D. not be punished3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must _ always _ so much.A. not; be smoking B. not; have smokedC. not; to smokeD. be not; smoking4

33、. With so much work on hand, you _ to see the game last night.A. mustnt go B. shouldnt go C. couldnt have gone D. shouldnt have gone5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it _ better organized.A. had been B. had to be C. must have been D. could have been

34、6. Im surprised that he _ in the exam.A. should fail B. would have failed C. may have failed D. should have failed7. The little girl _ there alone.A. not dare go B. dares not go C. dare not go D. dare not to go8. “Must we do it now?” “No, you _.”A. wont B. neednt C. cant D. dont9. He said he would r

35、ather not _ it right now.A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing10. You _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A. neednt to come B. dont need come C. dont need coming D. neednt come11. Put on more clothes. You _ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.A. can B. could C. wo

36、uld D. must12. I _ play football than baseball.A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer13. I thought you _ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.A. may B. might C. could D. must14. There was plenty of times. She _.A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. mus

37、t not hurry D. neednt have hurried15. The plant is dead. I _ it more water.A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given16. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not17. Its still early, you _.A. mustnt hurry B. w

38、ouldnt hurry C. may not hurry D. dont have to hurry18. Please open the window, _?A. cant you B. arent you C. do you D. will you19. We _ for her because she never came.A. mustnt have waited B. shouldnt have waited C. mustnt wait D. neednt wait20. May I stop here? No, you _.A. mustnt B. might not C. n

39、eednt D. wont21. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _.A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we22. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken23. Please dont make a noise. _. Ill be

40、as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I wont B. No, I wont C. No, I will D. Yes, I will24. The young man has made so much noise that he _ not have been allowed to attend the concert.A. could B. must C. would D. should25. Where is John? He _ in the library.A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been26.

41、 Since the road is wet this morning, _ last night.A. it must rain B. it must be raining C. it must have rained D. it must have been rain27. Will your brother stay home tonight? Im not quite sure. He _ to the cinema tonight.A. must go B. can go C. may go D. may be going28. Shes already two hours late

42、. What _ to her?A. can have happened B. may have happenedC. should have happened D. must happen29. You must be a writer, _?A. mustnt you B. are you C. must you D. arent you30. I got up early that morning, but I _ so because I had no work to do.A. mustnt have done B. didnt need to do C. neednt have d

43、oneD. cant have done31. He _ have come here yesterday, but he didnt.A. could B. should C. ought to D. all the above32. I missed the last bus, so I _ go home on foot.A. must B. have to C. may D. had to33. He ought to win the first prize, _ he?A. oughtnt B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. both A and B34. Everyo

44、ne _ do his best for the modernizations of our country.A. can B. may C. should D. might35. Lets clean our classroom, _?A. will you B. dont we C. shall we D. do you36. Let us play basketball, _?A. will you B. dont we C. shall we D. do you37. He asked me for this book many times. Please tell him that

45、he _ have it tomorrow.A. must B. may C. shall D. both B and C38. “Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.” “Its 9568442.”A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant39. Mother _ us stories when we were children.A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling40. She would rat

46、her _ more money on books _ on clothes.A. cost not B. to spare dont C. pay than D. spend than專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（三）1. Has Li Lin started? He said he would join in the party. He _. He is a man of keeping his word.A. could have leftB. must have left C. cant comeD. wont be coming2. May I park my car here? No, you _.

47、No car is allowed to park here.A. may not B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent3. Excuse me, could you tell me where the Yajia Supermarket is? Its two blocks straight ahead. You _ miss it.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. shouldnt4. I saw Mr. Sun at Tongyu Station this morning. You _. Hes still on holiday in H

48、awaii.A. couldnt haveB. mustnt have C. shouldntD. neednt5. How about paying a visit to Dr. Wang, our former Chinese teacher? Good idea. I will him today so that he _ know _ to expect us.A. shall; whyB. could; whenC. would; whatD. will; how6. Everything has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, _ be

49、 just noise to others. A. must B. may C. should D. could7. Someone _ my umbrella. I found it wet yesterday.A. must be usingB. must have used C. must useD. must have been using8. How dangerous it was! Yes, but for the passer-bys quick action, the girl _.A. was drownedB. could have been drownedC. had

50、drownedD. should be drowned9. You _ scold such a pupil who always keeps silent so seriously that you _ hurt him.A. should; canB. may; will C. mustnt; mayD. cant; must10. Why does Alice know so much about Angkor Wat? She _ have been there, or .A. must B. oughtnt to C. may D. cant11. You may laugh, bu

51、t Ive been thinking of becoming a vegetarian. Oh, you _ be crazy. You will be hungry all the time.A. must B. may C. will D. need 12. Whats the matter with you? Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried fish just now.A. shouldnt eatB. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eatenD. mustnt eat13. _ he have been chosen as captain of the football team? Yes, he _.A. Can; must haveB. Must; must have C. Can; mustD. Must; must14. Mr. Zhang _ in Shanghai t